ESP8266开发之旅网络篇⑯ 无线更新——OTA固件更新

1. 前言

前面的博文中，我们编写的固件都是通过ArduinoIDE往串口线上的ESP8266模块去烧写固件。这样就会有几个弊端：

需要经常插拔转接线，很容易造成8266串口丢失；
如果是将ESP8266做成产品并交付到客户手上之后应该如何更新产品中的ESP8266固件呢？难道要用户拿到技术中心来更新？如果是这样，这个产品必定属于失败产品。

在这里，就引入我们本篇章需要了解的实用知识 —— OTA功能。
OTA —— Over the air update of the firmware，也就是无线固件更新，这个可以说是非常炫酷且实用的功能。
那么OTA的本质是什么？它又是如何工作的呢？
一般情况下，当我们使用串口线更新8266的固件是通过SerialBootLoader来更新，这个属于开发板内置好的默认方式。
而OTA因为用到的是WIFI网络，所以我们假设也有一个名为“WIFIOTABootLoader”的东西来处理固件的无线写入更新，但是这个WIFIOTABootLoader需要我们先通过串口线预先写入到ESP8266。换句话说就是，我们得在项目代码中嵌入用于OTA的 WIFIOTABootLoader。
那么问题来了，WIFIOTABootLoader到底是什么原理呢？
万变不离其宗，博主第一个想到的就是 WebServer、UDP、mDNS的混合使用，通过mDNS可以解决域名访问问题，WebServer提供web页面供开发者上传固件文件，然后WebServer处理具体的请求，再把文件写入flash中（万幸的是，博主去看底层代码，确实有这样设计的思路）。

所以，要想深入理解OTA，请先回顾基础知识：

ESP8266开发之旅网络篇⑩ UDP服务
ESP8266开发之旅网络篇⑪ WebServer——ESP8266WebServer库的使用
ESP8266开发之旅网络篇⑫ 域名服务——ESP8266mDNS库

2. OTA方式

在Arduino Core For ESP8266中，使用OTA功能可以有三种方式：

ArduinoOTA —— OTA之Arduino IDE更新，也就是无线更新需要利用到Arduino IDE，只是不需要通过串口线烧写而已，这种方式适合开发者；
WebUpdateOTA —— OTA之web更新，通过8266上配置的webserver来选择固件更新，这种方式适合开发者以及有简单配置经验的消费者；
ServerUpdateOTA —— OTA之服务器更新，通过公网服务器，把固件放在云端服务器上，下载更新，这种方式适合零基础的消费者，无感知更新；

其实不管哪一种方式，其最终目的：

为了把新固件烧写到Flash中，然后替代掉旧固件，以达到更新固件的效果。

那么，我们来看看最终新旧固件是怎么用替换，请看下图：

没有更新固件前，当前固件（current sketch，绿色部分）和文件系统（spiffs，蓝色部分）位于flash存储空间的不同区域，中间空白的是空闲空间；
固件更新时，新固件（new sketch，黄色所示）将写入空闲空间，此时flash同时存在这三个对象；
重启模块后，新固件会覆盖掉旧固件，然后从当前固件的开始地址处开始运行，以达到固件更新的目的。

接下来，我们看看这三种方式是怎么用实现了以上三个步骤。

3. ArduinoOTA —— OTA之Arduino IDE更新

为了更好地使用ArduinoOTA，先来了解一下ArduinoOTA需要用到的库，然后再具体分析里面的实现原理。请在代码里面引入以下库：

#include <ArduinoOTA.h>

查看 ArduinoOTA 底层源码，可以发现引入 UdpContext、ESP8266mDNS、WiFiClient（同时关联WiFiServer），也就是说用到了UDP服务、TCP服务以及mDNS域名映射，这个是一个关键点。

在这里，博主也总结了ArduinoOTA库的百度脑图：

总体上，方法可以细分为3大类：

安全策略配置
管理OTA
固件更新相关

3.1 安全策略配置

一般来说，使用默认的安全策略配置就好，但是如果有特殊要求，也可以自行配置。

3.1.1 setHostname —— 设置主机名

函数说明：

/**
 * 设置主机名，主要用于mDNS的域名映射
 * @param  hostName 主机名
 */
void setHostname(const char *hostname);

注意点：

默认主机名是esp8266-xxxxx

3.1.2 getHostname —— 获取主机名

函数说明：

/**
 * 获取主机名
 * @return String 主机名
 */
String getHostname();

3.1.3 setPassword —— 设置访问密码

函数说明：

/**
 * 设置访问密码
 * @param password 上传密码，默认为NULL
 */
void setPassword(const char *password);

源码说明：

void ArduinoOTAClass::setPassword(const char * password) {
  if (!_initialized && !_password.length() && password) {
    //MD5编码 建议用这个方法更好
    MD5Builder passmd5;
    passmd5.begin();
    passmd5.add(password);
    passmd5.calculate();
    _password = passmd5.toString();
  }
}

3.1.4 setPasswordHash —— 设置访问密码哈希值

函数说明：

/**
 * 设置访问密码哈希值
 * @param password 上传密码Hash值 MD5(password)
 */
void setPasswordHash(const char *password);

源码说明：

void ArduinoOTAClass::setPasswordHash(const char * password) {
  if (!_initialized && !_password.length() && password) {
    //md5编码的password
    _password = password;
  }
}

3.1.5 setPort —— 设置Udp服务端口

函数说明：

/**
 * 设置Udp服务端口
 * @param port Udp服务端口
 */
void setPort(uint16_t port);

注意点：

以上代码请在begin方法之前调用；

3.2 管理OTA

3.2.1 begin —— 启动ArduinoOTA服务

函数说明：

/**
 * 启动ArduinoOTA服务
 */
void begin();

源码说明：

void ArduinoOTAClass::begin() {
  if (_initialized)
    return;

  //配置主机名，默认 esp8266-xxxx
  if (!_hostname.length()) {
    char tmp[15];
    sprintf(tmp, "esp8266-%06x", ESP.getChipId());
    _hostname = tmp;
  }
  //udp服务端口号，默认8266
  if (!_port) {
    _port = 8266;
  }

  if(_udp_ota){
    _udp_ota->unref();
    _udp_ota = 0;
  }

  //启动UDP服务
  _udp_ota = new UdpContext;
  _udp_ota->ref();

  if(!_udp_ota->listen(*IP_ADDR_ANY, _port))
    return;
    //绑定了回调函数
  _udp_ota->onRx(std::bind(&ArduinoOTAClass::_onRx, this));
  //启动mDNS服务
  MDNS.begin(_hostname.c_str());

  if (_password.length()) {
    MDNS.enableArduino(_port, true);
  } else {
    //mDNS注册OTA服务
    MDNS.enableArduino(_port);
  }
  _initialized = true;
  _state = OTA_IDLE;
#ifdef OTA_DEBUG
  OTA_DEBUG.printf("OTA server at: %s.local:%u\n", _hostname.c_str(), _port);
#endif
}

/**
 * 解析收到的OTA请求
 */
void ArduinoOTAClass::_onRx(){
  if(!_udp_ota->next()) return;
  ip_addr_t ota_ip;

  if (_state == OTA_IDLE) {
    //查看当前OTA命令 可以烧写固件或者烧写SPIFFS
    int cmd = parseInt();
    if (cmd != U_FLASH && cmd != U_SPIFFS)
      return;
    _ota_ip = _udp_ota->getRemoteAddress();
    _cmd  = cmd;
    _ota_port = parseInt();
    _ota_udp_port = _udp_ota->getRemotePort();
    _size = parseInt();
    _udp_ota->read();
    _md5 = readStringUntil('\n');
    _md5.trim();
    if(_md5.length() != 32)
      return;

    ota_ip.addr = (uint32_t)_ota_ip;

    //验证密码，需要IDE输入密码
    if (_password.length()){
      MD5Builder nonce_md5;
      nonce_md5.begin();
      nonce_md5.add(String(micros()));
      nonce_md5.calculate();
      _nonce = nonce_md5.toString();

      char auth_req[38];
      sprintf(auth_req, "AUTH %s", _nonce.c_str());
      _udp_ota->append((const char *)auth_req, strlen(auth_req));
      _udp_ota->send(&ota_ip, _ota_udp_port);
      //切换到验证状态
      _state = OTA_WAITAUTH;
      return;
    } else {
       //切换到更新固件状态
      _state = OTA_RUNUPDATE;
    }
  } else if (_state == OTA_WAITAUTH) {
    int cmd = parseInt();
    if (cmd != U_AUTH) {
      _state = OTA_IDLE;
      return;
    }
    _udp_ota->read();
    String cnonce = readStringUntil(' ');
    String response = readStringUntil('\n');
    if (cnonce.length() != 32 || response.length() != 32) {
      _state = OTA_IDLE;
      return;
    }

    String challenge = _password + ":" + String(_nonce) + ":" + cnonce;
    MD5Builder _challengemd5;
    _challengemd5.begin();
    _challengemd5.add(challenge);
    _challengemd5.calculate();
    String result = _challengemd5.toString();

    ota_ip.addr = (uint32_t)_ota_ip;
    if(result.equalsConstantTime(response)) {
       //验证通过 切换到更新固件状态 等待固件接收
      _state = OTA_RUNUPDATE;
    } else {
      _udp_ota->append("Authentication Failed", 21);
      _udp_ota->send(&ota_ip, _ota_udp_port);
      if (_error_callback) _error_callback(OTA_AUTH_ERROR);
      _state = OTA_IDLE;
    }
  }

  while(_udp_ota->next()) _udp_ota->flush();
}

可以看出，begin方法主要是根据配置内容，启动mDNS服务，默认域名是esp8266-xxxx，启动UDP服务，默认端口是8266，这个是后面ArduinoIDE无线传输固件的根本。

3.2.2 handle —— 处理固件更新

函数说明：

/**
 * 处理固件更新，这个方法需要在loop方法中不断检测调用
 */
void handle();

源码说明：

void ArduinoOTAClass::handle() {
  if (_state == OTA_RUNUPDATE) {
     //处理固件传输更新
    _runUpdate();
    _state = OTA_IDLE;
  }
}

/**
 * 处理固件传输更新
 */
void ArduinoOTAClass::_runUpdate() {
  ip_addr_t ota_ip;
  ota_ip.addr = (uint32_t)_ota_ip;

  //查看Update是否启动成功，Update类主要用于跟flash打交道，用于更新固件或者SPIFFS，下面博主会说明一下
  if (!Update.begin(_size, _cmd)) {
#ifdef OTA_DEBUG
    OTA_DEBUG.println("Update Begin Error");
#endif
    if (_error_callback) {
      _error_callback(OTA_BEGIN_ERROR);
    }
    
    StreamString ss;
    Update.printError(ss);
    _udp_ota->append("ERR: ", 5);
    _udp_ota->append(ss.c_str(), ss.length());
    _udp_ota->send(&ota_ip, _ota_udp_port);
    delay(100);
    _udp_ota->listen(*IP_ADDR_ANY, _port);
    _state = OTA_IDLE;
    return;
  }
  _udp_ota->append("OK", 2);
  _udp_ota->send(&ota_ip, _ota_udp_port);
  delay(100);

  Update.setMD5(_md5.c_str());
  //停止UDP服务
  WiFiUDP::stopAll();
  WiFiClient::stopAll();

  //执行OTA开始回调
  if (_start_callback) {
    _start_callback();
  }
  if (_progress_callback) {
    _progress_callback(0, _size);
  }
  //连接到IDE建立的服务地址
  WiFiClient client;
  if (!client.connect(_ota_ip, _ota_port)) {
#ifdef OTA_DEBUG
    OTA_DEBUG.printf("Connect Failed\n");
#endif
    _udp_ota->listen(*IP_ADDR_ANY, _port);
    if (_error_callback) {
      _error_callback(OTA_CONNECT_ERROR);
    }
    _state = OTA_IDLE;
  }

  uint32_t written, total = 0;
  while (!Update.isFinished() && client.connected()) {
    int waited = 1000;
    //接收固件内容
    while (!client.available() && waited--)
      delay(1);
    if (!waited){
#ifdef OTA_DEBUG
      OTA_DEBUG.printf("Receive Failed\n");
#endif
      _udp_ota->listen(*IP_ADDR_ANY, _port);
      if (_error_callback) {
        _error_callback(OTA_RECEIVE_ERROR);
      }
      _state = OTA_IDLE;
    }
    //把固件内容写入flash
    written = Update.write(client);
    if (written > 0) {
      client.print(written, DEC);
      total += written;
      //回调调用进度
      if(_progress_callback) {
        _progress_callback(total, _size);
      }
    }
  }
  //更新结束
  if (Update.end()) {
    //回调接收成功
    client.print("OK");
    client.stop();
    delay(10);
#ifdef OTA_DEBUG
    OTA_DEBUG.printf("Update Success\n");
#endif
     //OTA结束回调
    if (_end_callback) {
      _end_callback();
    }
    //自动重启
    if(_rebootOnSuccess){
#ifdef OTA_DEBUG
    OTA_DEBUG.printf("Rebooting...\n");
#endif
      //let serial/network finish tasks that might be given in _end_callback
      delay(100);
      //重启命令
      ESP.restart();
    }
  } else {
    _udp_ota->listen(*IP_ADDR_ANY, _port);
    if (_error_callback) {
      _error_callback(OTA_END_ERROR);
    }
    Update.printError(client);
#ifdef OTA_DEBUG
    Update.printError(OTA_DEBUG);
#endif
    _state = OTA_IDLE;
  }
}

接下来，看看Update类，这是一个写Flash存储空间的重要类，重点看几个方法：

Update.begin源码说明

bool UpdaterClass::begin(size_t size, int command) {
  ....... //省略前面细节
  if (command == U_FLASH) {
    //以下代码就是确认烧写位置，烧写位置在我们文章开头说到的空闲空间，处于当前程序区和SPIFFS之间
    //size of current sketch rounded to a sector
    uint32_t currentSketchSize = (ESP.getSketchSize() + FLASH_SECTOR_SIZE - 1) & (~(FLASH_SECTOR_SIZE - 1));
    //address of the end of the space available for sketch and update
    //_SPIFFS_start SPIFFS开始地址
    uint32_t updateEndAddress = (uint32_t)&_SPIFFS_start - 0x40200000;
    //size of the update rounded to a sector
    uint32_t roundedSize = (size + FLASH_SECTOR_SIZE - 1) & (~(FLASH_SECTOR_SIZE - 1));
    //address where we will start writing the update
    updateStartAddress = (updateEndAddress > roundedSize)? (updateEndAddress - roundedSize) : 0;
    .....//省略细节
  }
  else if (command == U_SPIFFS) {
     //如果是烧写SPIFFS
     updateStartAddress = (uint32_t)&_SPIFFS_start - 0x40200000;
  }
  else {
    //不支持其他命令
    // unknown command
#ifdef DEBUG_UPDATER
    DEBUG_UPDATER.println(F("[begin] Unknown update command."));
#endif
    return false;
  }

  //initialize 记录更新位置
  _startAddress = updateStartAddress;
  _currentAddress = _startAddress;
  .......省略细节
}

Update.end源码说明

bool UpdaterClass::end(bool evenIfRemaining){
  ..... //省略前面细节
  if (_command == U_FLASH) {
    //设置重启后copy新固件覆盖旧固件
    eboot_command ebcmd;
    ebcmd.action = ACTION_COPY_RAW;
    ebcmd.args[0] = _startAddress;
    ebcmd.args[1] = 0x00000;
    ebcmd.args[2] = _size;
    eboot_command_write(&ebcmd);

#ifdef DEBUG_UPDATER
    DEBUG_UPDATER.printf("Staged: address:0x%08X, size:0x%08X\n", _startAddress, _size);
  }
  else if (_command == U_SPIFFS) {
    DEBUG_UPDATER.printf("SPIFFS: address:0x%08X, size:0x%08X\n", _startAddress, _size);
#endif
  }

  _reset();
  return true;
}

3.2.3 setRebootOnSuccess —— 设置固件更新完毕是否自动重启

函数说明：

/**
 * 设置固件更新完毕是否自动重启
 * @param reboot 是否自动重启，默认true
 */
void setRebootOnSuccess(bool reboot);

注意点：

这个函数可以设置成true，让8266可以自动重启；

3.3 固件更新相关

3.3.1 onStart —— OTA开始连接回调

函数说明：

/**
 * 回调函数定义
 */
typedef std::function<void(void)> THandlerFunction;

/**
 * OTA开始连接回调 fn
 * @param fn 回调函数
 */
void onStart(THandlerFunction fn);

3.3.2 onEnd —— OTA结束回调

函数说明：

/**
 * 回调函数定义
 */
typedef std::function<void(void)> THandlerFunction;

/**
 * OTA结束回调 fn
 * @param fn 回调函数
 */
void onEnd(THandlerFunction fn);

3.3.3 onError —— OTA出错回调

函数说明：

/**
 * 回调函数定义
 * @param ota_error_t 错误原因
 */
typedef std::function<void(ota_error_t)> THandlerFunction_Error;

/**
 * OTA出错回调 fn
 * @param fn 回调函数
 */
void onError(THandlerFunction_Error fn);

错误原因定义如下：

typedef enum {
  OTA_AUTH_ERROR,//验证失败
  OTA_BEGIN_ERROR,//update 开启失败
  OTA_CONNECT_ERROR,//网络连接失败
  OTA_RECEIVE_ERROR,//接收固件失败
  OTA_END_ERROR//结束失败
} ota_error_t;

3.3.4 onProgress —— OTA接收固件进度

函数说明：

/**
 * 回调函数定义
 * @param 固件当前数据大小
 * @param 固件总大小
 */
typedef std::function<void(unsigned int, unsigned int)> THandlerFunction_Progress;

/**
 * OTA接收固件进度 回调fn
 * @param fn 回调函数
 */
void onProgress(THandlerFunction_Progress fn);

3.4 实例

实验说明：

OTA之Arduino IDE更新，需要利用到ArduinoOTA库。也就意味着我们需要首先往8266烧写支持ArduinoOTA的代码，然后ArduinoIDE会通过UDP通信连接到8266建立的UDP服务，通过UDP服务校验相应信息，校验通过后8266连接ArduinoIDE建立的Http服务，传输新固件。

注意：

ArduinoOTA需要Python环境支持，需要读者先安装。

实验准备：

NodeMcu开发板
Python 2.7（不安装不支持的Python 3.5，Windows用户应选择“将python.exe添加到路径”（见下文 - 默认情况下未选择此选项））python 2.7 提取码：g9ds

实验步骤：

演示更新功能，需要区分新旧代码。先往NodeMcu烧写V1.0版本代码：

/**
 * 功能描述：OTA之Arduino IDE更新 V1.0版本代码
 *
 */
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESP8266mDNS.h>
#include <WiFiUdp.h>
#include <ArduinoOTA.h>

//调试定义
#define DebugBegin(baud_rate)    Serial.begin(baud_rate)
#define DebugPrintln(message)    Serial.println(message)
#define DebugPrint(message)    Serial.print(message)
#define DebugPrintF(...) Serial.printf( __VA_ARGS__ )

#define CodeVersion "CodeVersion V1.0"

const char* ssid = "xxxx";//填上wifi账号
const char* password = "xxxxx";//填上wifi密码

void setup() {
  DebugBegin(115200);
  DebugPrintln("Booting Sketch....");
  DebugPrintln(CodeVersion);
  WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
  while (WiFi.waitForConnectResult() != WL_CONNECTED) {
    DebugPrintln("Connection Failed! Rebooting...");
    delay(5000);
  //重启ESP8266模块
    ESP.restart();
  }

  // Port defaults to 8266
  // ArduinoOTA.setPort(8266);

  // Hostname defaults to esp8266-[ChipID]
  // ArduinoOTA.setHostname("myesp8266");

  // No authentication by default
  // ArduinoOTA.setPassword("admin");

  // Password can be set with it's md5 value as well
  // MD5(admin) = 21232f297a57a5a743894a0e4a801fc3
  // ArduinoOTA.setPasswordHash("21232f297a57a5a743894a0e4a801fc3");

  ArduinoOTA.onStart([]() {
    String type;
  //判断一下OTA内容
    if (ArduinoOTA.getCommand() == U_FLASH) {
      type = "sketch";
    } else { // U_SPIFFS
      type = "filesystem";
    }

    // NOTE: if updating SPIFFS this would be the place to unmount SPIFFS using SPIFFS.end()
    DebugPrintln("Start updating " + type);
  });
  ArduinoOTA.onEnd([]() {
    DebugPrintln("\nEnd");
  });
  ArduinoOTA.onProgress([](unsigned int progress, unsigned int total) {
    DebugPrintF("Progress: %u%%\r", (progress / (total / 100)));
  });
  ArduinoOTA.onError([](ota_error_t error) {
    DebugPrintF("Error[%u]: ", error);
    if (error == OTA_AUTH_ERROR) {
      DebugPrintln("Auth Failed");
    } else if (error == OTA_BEGIN_ERROR) {
      DebugPrintln("Begin Failed");
    } else if (error == OTA_CONNECT_ERROR) {
      DebugPrintln("Connect Failed");
    } else if (error == OTA_RECEIVE_ERROR) {
      DebugPrintln("Receive Failed");
    } else if (error == OTA_END_ERROR) {
      DebugPrintln("End Failed");
    }
  });
  ArduinoOTA.begin();
  DebugPrintln("Ready");
  DebugPrint("IP address: ");
  DebugPrintln(WiFi.localIP());
}

void loop() {
  ArduinoOTA.handle();
}

烧写成功后，打开串口监视器会看到下图内容：

注意：烧写成功后，关闭ArduinoIDE然后重新打开（目的是为了和ESP8266建立无线通信）。

然后在工具菜单的端口项中你会发现多了一个 "esp8266-xxxxx" 的菜单项，选中它。

接下来，请往NodeMcu烧写V1.1版本代码（跟上面代码一样，就是改变了版本号）：

/**
 * 功能描述：OTA之Arduino IDE更新 V1.1版本代码
 *
 */
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESP8266mDNS.h>
#include <WiFiUdp.h>
#include <ArduinoOTA.h>

//调试定义
#define DebugBegin(baud_rate)    Serial.begin(baud_rate)
#define DebugPrintln(message)    Serial.println(message)
#define DebugPrint(message)    Serial.print(message)
#define DebugPrintF(...) Serial.printf( __VA_ARGS__ )

#define CodeVersion "CodeVersion V1.1"

const char* ssid = "xxxx";//填上wifi账号
const char* password = "xxxx";//填上wifi密码

void setup() {
  DebugBegin(115200);
  DebugPrintln("Booting Sketch....");
  DebugPrintln(CodeVersion);
  WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
  while (WiFi.waitForConnectResult() != WL_CONNECTED) {
    DebugPrintln("Connection Failed! Rebooting...");
    delay(5000);
  //重启ESP8266模块
    ESP.restart();
  }

  // Port defaults to 8266
  // ArduinoOTA.setPort(8266);

  // Hostname defaults to esp8266-[ChipID]
  // ArduinoOTA.setHostname("myesp8266");

  // No authentication by default
  // ArduinoOTA.setPassword("admin");

  // Password can be set with it's md5 value as well
  // MD5(admin) = 21232f297a57a5a743894a0e4a801fc3
  // ArduinoOTA.setPasswordHash("21232f297a57a5a743894a0e4a801fc3");

  ArduinoOTA.onStart([]() {
    String type;
  //判断一下OTA内容
    if (ArduinoOTA.getCommand() == U_FLASH) {
      type = "sketch";
    } else { // U_SPIFFS
      type = "filesystem";
    }

    // NOTE: if updating SPIFFS this would be the place to unmount SPIFFS using SPIFFS.end()
    DebugPrintln("Start updating " + type);
  });
  ArduinoOTA.onEnd([]() {
    DebugPrintln("\nEnd");
  });
  ArduinoOTA.onProgress([](unsigned int progress, unsigned int total) {
    DebugPrintF("Progress: %u%%\r", (progress / (total / 100)));
  });
  ArduinoOTA.onError([](ota_error_t error) {
    DebugPrintF("Error[%u]: ", error);
    if (error == OTA_AUTH_ERROR) {
      DebugPrintln("Auth Failed");
    } else if (error == OTA_BEGIN_ERROR) {
      DebugPrintln("Begin Failed");
    } else if (error == OTA_CONNECT_ERROR) {
      DebugPrintln("Connect Failed");
    } else if (error == OTA_RECEIVE_ERROR) {
      DebugPrintln("Receive Failed");
    } else if (error == OTA_END_ERROR) {
      DebugPrintln("End Failed");
    }
  });
  ArduinoOTA.begin();
  DebugPrintln("Ready");
  DebugPrint("IP address: ");
  DebugPrintln(WiFi.localIP());
}

void loop() {
  ArduinoOTA.handle();
}

编译点击上传，会出现以下页面：

更新完毕，重启8266

实验总结：
OTA之Arduino IDE更新实现逻辑非常简单，主要包括几方面：

连接WIFI
配置 ArduinoOTA 对象的事件函数
启动 ArduinoOTA 服务 ArduinoOTA.begin()
在 loop() 函数将处理权交由 ArduinoOTA.handle()

为了区分正常工作模式以及更新模式，我们可以设置个标志位来区分（标志位通过其他手段修改，比如按钮、软件控制）。

void loop() {
  if (flag ==0 ) {
    // 正常工作状态的代码
  } else {
    ArduinoOTA.handle();
 }
}

4. WebUpdateOTA —— OTA之web更新

OTA之web更新，通过8266上配置的webserver来选择固件更新，这种方式适合开发者以及有简单配置经验的消费者，其操作过程如下：

用ESP8266先建立一个Web服务器然后提供一个web更新界面，需要使用到库 ESP8266HTTPUpdateServer；
通过Arduino将源文件编译为*.bin的二进制文件；
通过mDNS功能在浏览器中访问ESP8266的服务器页面，默认服务地址为：http://esp8266.local/update；
通过Web界面将本地编译好的*.bin二进制固件文件上传到ESP8266中；
上传完成编译文件后ESP8266将固件写入Flash中

OTA之web更新，请加上以下头文件：

#include <ESP8266WebServer.h>
#include <ESP8266mDNS.h>
#include <ESP8266HTTPUpdateServer.h>

接下来，先上一个博主总结的百度脑图：

方法只有两个，非常简单。

4.1 updateCredentials —— 验证用户信息

函数说明：

/**
 * 校验用户信息
 * @param username 用户名称
 * @param password 用户密码
 */
void updateCredentials(const char * username, const char * password)

4.2 setup —— 配置WebOTA

函数说明：

/**
 * 配置WebOTA
 * @param ESP8266WebServer 需要绑定的webserver
 */
void setup(ESP8266WebServer *server){
  setup(server, NULL, NULL);
}

/**
 * 配置WebOTA
 * @param ESP8266WebServer 需要绑定的webserver
 * @param path 注册uri
 */
void setup(ESP8266WebServer *server, const char * path){
  setup(server, path, NULL, NULL);
}

/**
 * 配置WebOTA
 * @param ESP8266WebServer 需要绑定的webserver
 * @param username 用户名称
 * @param password 用户密码
 */
void setup(ESP8266WebServer *server, const char * username, const char * password){
  setup(server, "/update", username, password);
}

/**
 * 配置WebOTA
 * @param ESP8266WebServer 需要绑定的webserver
 * @param username 用户名称
 * @param password 用户密码
 * @param path 注册uri （默认是"/update"）
 */
void setup(ESP8266WebServer *server, const char * path, const char * username, const char * password);

来分析一下setup源码：

/**
 * 配置WebOTA
 * @param ESP8266WebServer 需要绑定的webserver
 * @param username 用户名称
 * @param password 用户密码
 * @param path 注册uri （默认是"/update"）
 */
void ESP8266HTTPUpdateServer::setup(ESP8266WebServer *server, const char * path, const char * username, const char * password)
{
    _server = server;
    _username = (char *)username;
    _password = (char *)password;

    // 注册webserver的响应回调函数
    _server->on(path, HTTP_GET, [&](){
      //校验用户信息 通过就发送更新页面
      if(_username != NULL && _password != NULL && !_server->authenticate(_username, _password))
        return _server->requestAuthentication();
      _server->send_P(200, PSTR("text/html"), serverIndex);
    });

    // 注册webserver的响应回调函数 处理文件上传 文件结束
    _server->on(path, HTTP_POST, [&](){
      //文件上传完毕回调
      if(!_authenticated)
        return _server->requestAuthentication();
      if (Update.hasError()) {
        _server->send(200, F("text/html"), String(F("Update error: ")) + _updaterError);
      } else {
        _server->client().setNoDelay(true);
        _server->send_P(200, PSTR("text/html"), successResponse);
        delay(100);
        //断开http连接
        _server->client().stop();
        //重启ESP8266
        ESP.restart();
      }
    },[&](){
      // 通过 Update 对象处理文件上传，关于update对象请看上面的讲解。
      HTTPUpload& upload = _server->upload();
      //固件上传开始
      if(upload.status == UPLOAD_FILE_START){
        _updaterError = String();
        if (_serial_output)
          Serial.setDebugOutput(true);

        _authenticated = (_username == NULL || _password == NULL || _server->authenticate(_username, _password));
        if(!_authenticated){
          if (_serial_output)
            Serial.printf("Unauthenticated Update\n");
          return;
        }

        WiFiUDP::stopAll();
        if (_serial_output)
          Serial.printf("Update: %s\n", upload.filename.c_str());
        uint32_t maxSketchSpace = (ESP.getFreeSketchSpace() - 0x1000) & 0xFFFFF000;
        if(!Update.begin(maxSketchSpace)){//start with max available size
          _setUpdaterError();
        }
      } else if(_authenticated && upload.status == UPLOAD_FILE_WRITE && !_updaterError.length()){
        //固件正在写入
        if (_serial_output) Serial.printf(".");
        if(Update.write(upload.buf, upload.currentSize) != upload.currentSize){
          _setUpdaterError();
        }
      } else if(_authenticated && upload.status == UPLOAD_FILE_END && !_updaterError.length()){
      //固件正在写入结束
        if(Update.end(true)){ //true to set the size to the current progress
          if (_serial_output) Serial.printf("Update Success: %u\nRebooting...\n", upload.totalSize);
        } else {
          _setUpdaterError();
        }
        if (_serial_output) Serial.setDebugOutput(false);
      } else if(_authenticated && upload.status == UPLOAD_FILE_ABORTED){
        Update.end();
        if (_serial_output) Serial.println("Update was aborted");
      }
      delay(0);
    });
}

整体上来说，博主比较建议这种方法，简单快捷，巧妙利用了webserver。

4.3 实例

4.3.1 系统自带OTA之web更新

实验说明：

演示ESP8266 OTA之web更新，通过建立的webserver来上传新固件以达到更新目的。

实验准备：

NodeMcu开发板

实验源码：

先往ESP8266烧写V1.0版本代码，如下：

/*
 * 功能描述：OTA之web更新 V1.0版本代码
 */

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <WiFiClient.h>
#include <ESP8266WebServer.h>
#include <ESP8266mDNS.h>
#include <ESP8266HTTPUpdateServer.h>

//调试定义
#define DebugBegin(baud_rate)    Serial.begin(baud_rate)
#define DebugPrintln(message)    Serial.println(message)
#define DebugPrint(message)    Serial.print(message)
#define DebugPrintF(...) Serial.printf( __VA_ARGS__ )

#define CodeVersion "CodeVersion V1.0"

const char* host = "esp8266-webupdate";
const char* ssid = "xxx";//填上wifi账号
const char* password = "xxx";//填上wifi密码

ESP8266WebServer httpServer(80);
ESP8266HTTPUpdateServer httpUpdater;

void setup(void) {
  DebugBegin(115200);
  DebugPrintln("Booting Sketch...");
  DebugPrintln(CodeVersion);
  WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP_STA);
  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);

  while (WiFi.waitForConnectResult() != WL_CONNECTED) {
    WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
    DebugPrintln("WiFi failed, retrying.");
  }
  //启动mdns服务
  MDNS.begin(host);
  //配置webserver为更新server
  httpUpdater.setup(&httpServer);
  httpServer.begin();

  MDNS.addService("http", "tcp", 80);
  DebugPrintF("HTTPUpdateServer ready! Open http://%s.local/update in your browser\n", host);
}

void loop(void) {
  httpServer.handleClient();
  MDNS.update();
}

然后在串口调试器就可以看到OTA的更新页面地址：

然后在浏览器里面打开该地址，会看到下面的界面：

接下来，开始更新代码。
在首选项设置里面的“显示详细输出”选项中选中"编译"

然后修改代码为V1.1版本，如下：

/*
 * 功能描述：OTA之web更新 V1.1版本代码
 */

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <WiFiClient.h>
#include <ESP8266WebServer.h>
#include <ESP8266mDNS.h>
#include <ESP8266HTTPUpdateServer.h>

//调试定义
#define DebugBegin(baud_rate)    Serial.begin(baud_rate)
#define DebugPrintln(message)    Serial.println(message)
#define DebugPrint(message)    Serial.print(message)
#define DebugPrintF(...) Serial.printf( __VA_ARGS__ )

#define CodeVersion "CodeVersion V1.1"

const char* host = "esp8266-webupdate";
const char* ssid = "xxx";//填上wifi账号
const char* password = "xxx";//填上wifi密码

ESP8266WebServer httpServer(80);
ESP8266HTTPUpdateServer httpUpdater;

void setup(void) {
  DebugBegin(115200);
  DebugPrintln("Booting Sketch...");
  DebugPrintln(CodeVersion);
  WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP_STA);
  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);

  while (WiFi.waitForConnectResult() != WL_CONNECTED) {
    WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
    DebugPrintln("WiFi failed, retrying.");
  }
  //启动mdns服务
  MDNS.begin(host);
  //配置webserver为更新server
  httpUpdater.setup(&httpServer);
  httpServer.begin();

  MDNS.addService("http", "tcp", 80);
  DebugPrintF("HTTPUpdateServer ready! Open http://%s.local/update in your browser\n", host);
}

void loop(void) {
  httpServer.handleClient();
  MDNS.update();
}

编译该代码，然后找到新固件的本地地址，

回到浏览器点击“Choose file”按钮然后选择该新固件就可以上传到ESP8266中去：

更新结束。

实验结果：

可以看到下面的打印结果：

实验总结：

这个更新界面做得有点丑，可以提供给开发人员用，尽量还是不要给消费者用。

4.3.2 自定义OTA之web更新

实验说明：

在上面的系统自带OTA之web更新实例中，由于是系统自带的更新页面，还是有点丑。对于开发人员来说，这个页面我表示接受不了了。

自定义页面有两种方式：

直接修改 ESP8266HTTPUpdateServer 里面web页面，读者可以把 ESP8266HTTPUpdateServer.cpp文件里面的serverIndex改成下面博主提供的serverIndex，这里暂且不讲；
基于 ESP8266HTTPUpdateServer 库去自定义新库，我们暂且命名为 ESP8266CustomHTTPUpdateServer，博主建议并讲解这种方式；

ESP8266CustomHTTPUpdateServer库的实现步骤：

请找到ESP8266核心库目录，然后在libraries目录下拷贝 ESP8266HTTPUpdateServer 目录，重命名为 ESP8266CustomHTTPUpdateServer

修改 ESP8266CustomHTTPUpdateServer 里面的类名，把 ESP8266HTTPUpdateServer 统一改成 ESP8266CustomHTTPUpdateServer；
把 ESP8266CustomHTTPUpdateServer.cpp文件里面的serverIndex改成以下内容：

static const char serverIndex[] PROGMEM =
"<!DOCTYPE html>\r\n\
 <html lang=\"en\">\r\n\
 <head>\r\n\
 <meta charset=\"UTF-8\">\r\n\
 <title>ESP8266 WebOTA</title>\r\n\
 <style>\r\n\
 body{text-align: center;height: 100%;}\r\n\
 div,input{padding:5px;font-size:12px;}\r\n\
 input{width:95%;margin-top: 5px;}\r\n\
 button{padding:5px;border:0;border-radius:20px;background-color:#1fa3ec;color:#fff;line-height:30px;font-size:16px;width:100%;margin-top: 40px;}\r\n\
 .m-user-icon{width: 100px;height: 100px;border-radius: 50px}\r\n\
 .m-user-name{font-size: 18px;font-weight: bold;margin-top: 10px;}\r\n\
 .fileupload{position: relative;width:150px;height:25px;border:1px solid #66B3FF;border-radius: 4px;box-shadow: 1px 1px 5px #66B3FF;line-height: 25px;overflow: hidden;color: #66B3FF;;left: 50%;transform: translateX(-50%);text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}\r\n\
 .fileupload input{position: absolute;width:150px;height:25px;top: 0;left: 50%;transform: translateX(-50%);opacity: 0;filter: alpha(opacity=0);-ms-filter: 'alpha(opacity=0)';}\r\n\
 </style>\r\n\
 </head>\r\n\
 <body>\r\n\
 <div style=\"text-align:center;display:inline-block;min-width:260px;margin-top: 80px;\">\r\n\
 <div class=\"m-user\">\r\n\
 <img class= \"m-user-icon\" 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\">\r\n\
 <div class=\"m-user-name\">ESP8266 WebOTA更新</div>\r\n\
 </div>\r\n\
 <form method='POST' action='' enctype='multipart/form-data'>\r\n\
 <div class=\"fileupload\">\r\n\
 <script>\r\n\
 function getFilename(){\r\n\
 let filename=document.getElementById(\"file\").value;\r\n\
 if(filename===undefined||filename===\"\"){\r\n\
 document.getElementById(\"filename\").innerHTML=\"点击此处上传文件\";\r\n\
 } else{\r\n\
 let fn=filename.substring(filename.lastIndexOf(\"\\\")+1);\r\n\
 document.getElementById(\"filename\").innerHTML=fn; \r\n\
 }\r\n\
 }\r\n\
 </script>\r\n\
 <span id=\"filename\">点击选择新固件</span>\r\n\
 <input type=\"file\" name=\"file\" id=\"file\" onchange=\"getFilename()\"/>\r\n\
 </div>\r\n\
 <button type='submit'>确定更新</button>\r\n\
 </form>\r\n\
 <div style=\";margin-top: 10px;\">Copyright © 2019 By<a href='https://blog.csdn.net/wubo_fly'>单片机菜鸟</a></div>\r\n\
 </div>\r\n\
 </body>\r\n\
 </html>";

当然好心的博主肯定不需要你们自己写，下载下来放到你们的8266库目录吧 —— ESP8266CustomHTTPUpdateServer

注意：

ESP8266CustomHTTPUpdateServer库用法跟ESP8266HTTPUpdateServer库是一样的，博主只是基于ESP8266HTTPUpdateServer修改web页面而已，其他一概不改动。
博主在ArduinoIDE 1.8.5版本和esp8266 2.4.2版本加入这个库，编译不过。后改用ArduinoIDE 1.8.9版本以及esp8266 2.5.0版本可以编译通过，猜测是底层编译器不一样，请读者注意一下。

实验准备：

需要大家有一定的web基础——html+css+js
NodeMcu开发板

实验步骤

先往ESP8266烧写V1.0版本代码，如下：

/*
 * 功能描述：自定义OTA之web更新 V1.0版本代码
 */

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <WiFiClient.h>
#include <ESP8266WebServer.h>
#include <ESP8266mDNS.h>
#include <ESP8266CustomHTTPUpdateServer.h>

//调试定义
#define DebugBegin(baud_rate)    Serial.begin(baud_rate)
#define DebugPrintln(message)    Serial.println(message)
#define DebugPrint(message)    Serial.print(message)
#define DebugPrintF(...) Serial.printf( __VA_ARGS__ )

#define CodeVersion "CodeVersion V1.0"

const char* host = "esp8266-webupdate";
const char* ssid = "xxxx";//填上wifi账号
const char* password = "xxxx";//填上wifi密码

ESP8266WebServer httpServer(80);
ESP8266CustomHTTPUpdateServer httpUpdater;

void setup(void) {
  DebugBegin(115200);
  DebugPrintln("Booting Sketch...");
  DebugPrintln(CodeVersion);
  WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP_STA);
  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);

  while (WiFi.waitForConnectResult() != WL_CONNECTED) {
    WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
    DebugPrintln("WiFi failed, retrying.");
  }
  //启动mdns服务
  MDNS.begin(host);
  //配置webserver为更新server
  httpUpdater.setup(&httpServer);
  httpServer.begin();

  MDNS.addService("http", "tcp", 80);
  DebugPrintF("HTTPUpdateServer ready! Open http://%s.local/update in your browser\n", host);
}

void loop(void) {
  httpServer.handleClient();
  MDNS.update();
}

可以看到串口打印信息

然后可以在电脑浏览器访问 http://esp8266-webupdate.local/update

接着修改代码为V1.1版本，如下：

/*
 * 功能描述：自定义OTA之web更新 V1.1版本代码
 */

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <WiFiClient.h>
#include <ESP8266WebServer.h>
#include <ESP8266mDNS.h>
#include <ESP8266CustomHTTPUpdateServer.h>

//调试定义
#define DebugBegin(baud_rate)    Serial.begin(baud_rate)
#define DebugPrintln(message)    Serial.println(message)
#define DebugPrint(message)    Serial.print(message)
#define DebugPrintF(...) Serial.printf( __VA_ARGS__ )

#define CodeVersion "CodeVersion V1.1"

const char* host = "esp8266-webupdate";
const char* ssid = "TP-LINK_5344";//填上wifi账号
const char* password = "6206908you11011010";//填上wifi密码

ESP8266WebServer httpServer(80);
ESP8266CustomHTTPUpdateServer httpUpdater;

void setup(void) {
  DebugBegin(115200);
  DebugPrintln("Booting Sketch...");
  DebugPrintln(CodeVersion);
  WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP_STA);
  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);

  while (WiFi.waitForConnectResult() != WL_CONNECTED) {
    WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
    DebugPrintln("WiFi failed, retrying.");
  }
  //启动mdns服务
  MDNS.begin(host);
  //配置webserver为更新server
  httpUpdater.setup(&httpServer);
  httpServer.begin();

  MDNS.addService("http", "tcp", 80);
  DebugPrintF("HTTPUpdateServer ready! Open http://%s.local/update in your browser\n", host);
}

void loop(void) {
  httpServer.handleClient();
  MDNS.update();
}

编译代码，注意最终生成bin文件存储位置

选择该bin文件，更新完毕，可以看到串口打印信息：

5. ServerUpdateOTA —— OTA之服务器更新

OTA之服务器更新，通过公网服务器，把固件放在云端服务器上，下载更新，这种方式适合零基础的消费者，无感知更新；
不过由于博主暂时没有自主开发服务器程序的能力，所以这里暂时只讨论需用用到的库，原理本质上都是一样的。
ServerUpdateOTA需要用到 ESP8266httpUpdate 库，请在代码中引入以下头文件：

#include <ESP8266HTTPClient.h>
#include <ESP8266httpUpdate.h>

接下来，先上一个博主总结的百度脑图：

方法只有两个，非常简单。

5.1 update —— 更新固件

函数说明：

/**
 * 更新固件(http)
 * @param url 固件下载地址
 * @param currentVersion 固件当前版本
 * @return t_httpUpdate_return 更新状态
 */
t_httpUpdate_return update(const String& url, const String& currentVersion = "");

/**
 * 更新固件(https)
 * @param url 固件下载地址
 * @param currentVersion 固件当前版本
 * @param httpsFingerprint https相关信息
 * @return t_httpUpdate_return 更新状态 
 */
t_httpUpdate_return update(const String& url, const String& currentVersion,const String& httpsFingerprint);

/**
 * 更新固件(https)
 * @param url 固件下载地址
 * @param currentVersion 固件当前版本
 * @param httpsFingerprint https相关信息
 * @return t_httpUpdate_return 更新状态 
 */
t_httpUpdate_return update(const String& url, const String& currentVersion,const uint8_t httpsFingerprint[20]); // BearSSL

/**
 * 更新固件(http)
 * @param host 主机
 * @param port 端口
 * @param uri  uri 地址
 * @param currentVersion 固件当前版本
 * @return t_httpUpdate_return 更新状态 
 */
t_httpUpdate_return update(const String& host, uint16_t port, const String& uri = "/",const String& currentVersion = "");

/**
 * 更新固件(https)
 * @param host 主机
 * @param port 端口
 * @param uri  uri 地址
 * @param currentVersion 固件当前版本
 * @param httpsFingerprint https相关信息
 * @return t_httpUpdate_return 更新状态 
 */
t_httpUpdate_return update(const String& host, uint16_t port, const String& url,const String& currentVersion, const String& httpsFingerprint);

/**
 * 更新固件(https)
 * @param host 主机
 * @param port 端口
 * @param uri  uri 地址
 * @param currentVersion 固件当前版本
 * @param httpsFingerprint https相关信息
 * @return t_httpUpdate_return 更新状态 
 */
t_httpUpdate_return update(const String& host, uint16_t port, const String& url,const String& currentVersion, const uint8_t httpsFingerprint[20]); // BearSSL

t_httpUpdate_return定义如下：

enum HTTPUpdateResult {
    HTTP_UPDATE_FAILED,//更新失败
    HTTP_UPDATE_NO_UPDATES,//未开始更新
    HTTP_UPDATE_OK//更新完毕
};

5.2 rebootOnUpdate —— 是否自动重启

函数说明：

/**
 * 设置是否自动重启
 * @param reboot true表示自动重启，默认false
 */
void rebootOnUpdate(bool reboot);

5.3 updateSpiffs —— 更新SPIFFS

函数说明：

/**
 * 更新固件(http)
 * @param url 固件下载地址
 * @param currentVersion 固件当前版本
 * @return t_httpUpdate_return 更新状态
 */
t_httpUpdate_return updateSpiffs(const String& url, const String& currentVersion = "");

/**
 * 更新固件(http)
 * @param url 固件下载地址
 * @param currentVersion 固件当前版本
 * @return t_httpUpdate_return 更新状态
 */
t_httpUpdate_return updateSpiffs(const String& url, const String& currentVersion, const String& httpsFingerprint);

/**
 * 更新固件(http)
 * @param url 固件下载地址
 * @param currentVersion 固件当前版本
 * @return t_httpUpdate_return 更新状态
 */
t_httpUpdate_return updateSpiffs(const String& url, const String& currentVersion, const uint8_t httpsFingerprint[20]); // BearSSL

5.4 实例

博主没有具体的服务器（原理都是非常相似的，把服务器上面的新固件下载下来，然后更新），所以这里只是给一个通用的代码：

/**
 * 功能描述：OTA之服务器更新
 */

#include <Arduino.h>

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESP8266WiFiMulti.h>

#include <ESP8266HTTPClient.h>
#include <ESP8266httpUpdate.h>

//调试定义
#define DebugBegin(baud_rate)    Serial.begin(baud_rate)
#define DebugPrintln(message)    Serial.println(message)
#define DebugPrint(message)    Serial.print(message)
#define DebugPrintF(...) Serial.printf( __VA_ARGS__ )

ESP8266WiFiMulti WiFiMulti;

void setup() {

  DebugBegin(115200);
  WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
  //这里填上wifi账号 SSID 和 密码 PASSWORD
  WiFiMulti.addAP("SSID", "PASSWORD");
}

void loop() {
  // wait for WiFi connection
  if ((WiFiMulti.run() == WL_CONNECTED)) {

    //填上服务器地址
    t_httpUpdate_return ret = ESPhttpUpdate.update("http://server/file.bin");
    //t_httpUpdate_return  ret = ESPhttpUpdate.update("https://server/file.bin", "", "fingerprint");

    switch (ret) {
      case HTTP_UPDATE_FAILED:
        DebugPrintF("HTTP_UPDATE_FAILD Error (%d): %s", ESPhttpUpdate.getLastError(), ESPhttpUpdate.getLastErrorString().c_str());
        break;

      case HTTP_UPDATE_NO_UPDATES:
        DebugPrintln("HTTP_UPDATE_NO_UPDATES");
        break;

      case HTTP_UPDATE_OK:
        DebugPrintln("HTTP_UPDATE_OK");
        break;
    }
  }
}

等博主后面学习了服务器开发，再补回来吧。

6. 总结

在Arduino Core For ESP8266中，使用OTA功能可以有三种方式：

ArduinoOTA —— OTA之Arduino IDE更新，也就是无线更新需要利用到Arduino IDE，只是不需要通过串口线烧写而已，这种方式适合开发者；
WebUpdateOTA —— OTA之web更新，通过8266上配置的webserver来选择固件更新，这种方式适合开发者以及有简单配置经验的消费者；
ServerUpdateOTA —— OTA之服务器更新，通过公网服务器，把固件放在云端服务器上，下载更新，这种方式适合零基础的消费者，无感知更新；

至于使用哪一种，看具体需求。
其实不管哪一种方式，其最终目的：

为了把新固件烧写到Flash中，然后替代掉旧固件，以达到更新固件的效果。

注意，OTA更新也可以更新SPIFFS。

ESP8266开发之旅 网络篇⑯ 无线更新——OTA固件更新

1. 前言

2. OTA方式

3. ArduinoOTA —— OTA之Arduino IDE更新

3.1 安全策略配置

3.1.1 setHostname —— 设置主机名

3.1.2 getHostname —— 获取主机名

3.1.3 setPassword —— 设置访问密码

3.1.4 setPasswordHash —— 设置访问密码哈希值

3.1.5 setPort —— 设置Udp服务端口

3.2 管理OTA

3.2.1 begin —— 启动ArduinoOTA服务

3.2.2 handle —— 处理固件更新

3.2.3 setRebootOnSuccess —— 设置固件更新完毕是否自动重启

3.3 固件更新相关

3.3.1 onStart —— OTA开始连接回调

3.3.2 onEnd —— OTA结束回调

3.3.3 onError —— OTA出错回调

3.3.4 onProgress —— OTA接收固件进度

3.4 实例

4. WebUpdateOTA —— OTA之web更新

4.1 updateCredentials —— 验证用户信息

4.2 setup —— 配置WebOTA

4.3 实例

4.3.1 系统自带OTA之web更新

4.3.2 自定义OTA之web更新

5. ServerUpdateOTA —— OTA之服务器更新

5.1 update —— 更新固件

5.2 rebootOnUpdate —— 是否自动重启

5.3 updateSpiffs —— 更新SPIFFS

5.4 实例

6. 总结

ESP8266开发之旅网络篇⑯ 无线更新——OTA固件更新