❌pod节点启动失败，nginx服务无法正常访问，服务状态显示为ImagePullBackOff。
[root@m1 ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx-f89759699-cgjgp 0/1 ImagePullBackOff 0 103m
????查看nginx服务的Pod节点详细信息。
[root@m1 ~]# kubectl describe pod nginx-f89759699-cgjgp
Name: nginx-f89759699-cgjgp
Namespace: default
Priority: 0
Service Account: default
Node: n1/192.168.200.84
Start Time: Fri, 10 Mar 2023 08:40:33 +0800
Labels: app=nginx
pod-template-hash=f89759699
Annotations: <none>
Status: Pending
IP: 10.244.3.20
IPs:
IP: 10.244.3.20
Controlled By: ReplicaSet/nginx-f89759699
Containers:
nginx:
Container ID:
Image: nginx
Image ID:
Port: <none>
Host Port: <none>
State: Waiting
Reason: ImagePullBackOff
Ready: False
Restart Count: 0
Environment: <none>
Mounts:
/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from default-token-zk8sj (ro)
Conditions:
Type Status
Initialized True
Ready False
ContainersReady False
PodScheduled True
Volumes:
default-token-zk8sj:
Type: Secret (a volume populated by a Secret)
SecretName: default-token-zk8sj
Optional: false
QoS Class: BestEffort
Node-Selectors: <none>
Tolerations: node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Normal BackOff 57m (x179 over 100m) kubelet Back-off pulling image "nginx"
Normal Pulling 7m33s (x22 over 100m) kubelet Pulling image "nginx"
Warning Failed 2m30s (x417 over 100m) kubelet Error: ImagePullBackOff
发现，获取nginx镜像失败。可能是由于Docker服务引起的。
于是，检查Docker是否正常启动
systemctl status docker
发现，docker服务启动失败????，手动尝试重新启动。
systemctl restart docker
但是，重启docker服务失败，出现如下报错信息。
[root@m1 ~]# systemctl restart docker
Job for docker.service failed because the control process exited with error code.
See "systemctl status docker.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
执行systemctl restart docker命令失效。
接着，当执行docker version命令时，发现未能连接到Docker daemon
[root@m1 ~]# docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
Version: 20.10.17
API version: 1.41
Go version: go1.17.11
Git commit: 100c701
Built: Mon Jun 6 23:03:11 2022
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Context: default
Experimental: true
Cannot connect to the Docker daemon at unix:///var/run/docker.sock. Is the docker daemon running?
于是，再次通过执行systemctl status docker命令，查看docker服务未能启动，阅读输出报错信息，如下所示。
[root@m1 ~]# systemctl status docker
● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Fri 2023-03-10 10:28:16 CST; 4min 35s ago
Docs: https://docs.docker.com
Main PID: 2221 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
Mar 10 10:28:13 m1 systemd[1]: docker.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
Mar 10 10:28:13 m1 systemd[1]: docker.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Mar 10 10:28:13 m1 systemd[1]: Failed to start Docker Application Container Engine.
Mar 10 10:28:16 m1 systemd[1]: docker.service: Service RestartSec=2s expired, scheduling restart.
Mar 10 10:28:16 m1 systemd[1]: docker.service: Scheduled restart job, restart counter is at 3.
Mar 10 10:28:16 m1 systemd[1]: Stopped Docker Application Container Engine.
Mar 10 10:28:16 m1 systemd[1]: docker.service: Start request repeated too quickly.
Mar 10 10:28:16 m1 systemd[1]: docker.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Mar 10 10:28:16 m1 systemd[1]: Failed to start Docker Application Container Engine.
[root@m1 ~]#
通过上述输出显示，Docker 服务进程的启动失败，状态为 1/FAILURE。
✅接下来，尝试通过以下步骤来排查和解决问题：
1️⃣查看 Docker 服务日志：使用以下命令查看 Docker 服务日志，以便更详细地了解失败原因。
sudo journalctl -u docker.service
2️⃣ 通过输出Ddocker日志分析，提取到了相关报错信息片段，发现是配置daemon中的/etc/docker/daemon.json配置文件出错导致的。
Mar 10 10:20:17 m1 systemd[1]: Starting Docker Application Container Engine...
Mar 10 10:20:17 m1 dockerd[1572]: unable to configure the Docker daemon with file /etc/docker/daemon.json: invalid character '"' after object key:value pair
Mar 10 10:20:17 m1 systemd[1]: docker.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
Mar 10 10:20:17 m1 systemd[1]: docker.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Mar 10 10:20:17 m1 systemd[1]: Failed to start Docker Application Container Engine.
Mar 10 10:20:19 m1 systemd[1]: docker.service: Service RestartSec=2s expired, scheduling restart.
Mar 10 10:20:19 m1 systemd[1]: docker.service: Scheduled restart job, restart counter is at 2.
Mar 10 10:20:19 m1 systemd[1]: Stopped Docker Application Container Engine.
3️⃣此时，查看daemon配置文件/etc/docker/daemon.json是否配置正确。
[root@m1 ~]# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
# 设置 Docker 镜像的注册表镜像源为阿里云镜像源。
"registry-mirrors": ["https://w2kavmmf.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
# 指定 Docker 守护进程使用 systemd 作为 cgroup driver。
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}
咋一看，配置信息没有什么问题，都是正确的，但仔细一看，就会发现应该在"registry-mirrors"选项的结尾添加逗号。犯了缺少逗号（,）导致的语法错误，终于找到了问题根源。
????修改后：
[root@m1 ~]# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://w2kavmmf.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}
按下:wq报错退出。
4️⃣ 重新加载系统并重新启动Docker服务
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker
systemctl status docker
5️⃣检查docker版本信息是否输出正常
[root@m1 ~]# docket version
-bash: docket: command not found
[root@m1 ~]# docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
Version: 20.10.17
API version: 1.41
Go version: go1.17.11
Git commit: 100c701
Built: Mon Jun 6 23:03:11 2022
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Context: default
Experimental: true
Server: Docker Engine - Community
Engine:
Version: 20.10.17
API version: 1.41 (minimum version 1.12)
Go version: go1.17.11
Git commit: a89b842
Built: Mon Jun 6 23:01:29 2022
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
containerd:
Version: 1.6.6
GitCommit: 10c12954828e7c7c9b6e0ea9b0c02b01407d3ae1
runc:
Version: 1.1.2
GitCommit: v1.1.2-0-ga916309
docker-init:
Version: 0.19.0
GitCommit: de40ad0
[root@m1 ~]# docker info
Client:
Context: default
Debug Mode: false
Plugins:
app: Docker App (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-beta3)
buildx: Docker Buildx (Docker Inc., v0.8.2-docker)
scan: Docker Scan (Docker Inc., v0.17.0)
Server:
Containers: 20
Running: 8
Paused: 0
Stopped: 12
Images: 20
Server Version: 20.10.17
Storage Driver: overlay2
Backing Filesystem: xfs
Supports d_type: true
Native Overlay Diff: true
userxattr: false
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: systemd
Cgroup Version: 1
Plugins:
Volume: local
Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: io.containerd.runc.v2 io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux runc
Default Runtime: runc
Init Binary: docker-init
containerd version: 10c12954828e7c7c9b6e0ea9b0c02b01407d3ae1
runc version: v1.1.2-0-ga916309
init version: de40ad0
Security Options:
seccomp
Profile: default
Kernel Version: 4.18.0-372.9.1.el8.x86_64
Operating System: Rocky Linux 8.6 (Green Obsidian)
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 2
Total Memory: 9.711GiB
Name: m1
ID: 4YIS:FHSB:YXRI:CED5:PJSJ:EAS2:BCR3:GJJF:FDPK:EDJH:DVKU:AIYJ
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode: false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Labels:
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
127.0.0.0/8
Registry Mirrors:
https://w2kavmmf.mirror.aliyuncs.com/
Live Restore Enabled: false
至此，Docker服务重启成功，pod节点恢复正常，Nginx服务能够正常访问。
[root@m1 ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx-f89759699-cgjgp 1/1 Running 0 174m
查看pod详细信息，显示正常。
[root@m1 ~]# kubectl describe pod nginx-f89759699-cgjgp
Name: nginx-f89759699-cgjgp
Namespace: default
Priority: 0
Service Account: default
Node: n1/192.168.200.84
Start Time: Fri, 10 Mar 2023 08:40:33 +0800
Labels: app=nginx
pod-template-hash=f89759699
Annotations: <none>
Status: Running
IP: 10.244.3.20
IPs:
IP: 10.244.3.20
Controlled By: ReplicaSet/nginx-f89759699
Containers:
nginx:
Container ID: docker://88bdc2bfa592f60bf99bac2125b0adae005118ae8f2f271225245f20b7cfb3c8
Image: nginx
Image ID: docker-pullable://nginx@sha256:aa0afebbb3cfa473099a62c4b32e9b3fb73ed23f2a75a65ce1d4b4f55a5c2ef2
Port: <none>
Host Port: <none>
State: Running
Started: Fri, 10 Mar 2023 10:37:42 +0800
Ready: True
Restart Count: 0
Environment: <none>
Mounts:
/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from default-token-zk8sj (ro)
Conditions:
Type Status
Initialized True
Ready True
ContainersReady True
PodScheduled True
Volumes:
default-token-zk8sj:
Type: Secret (a volume populated by a Secret)
SecretName: default-token-zk8sj
Optional: false
QoS Class: BestEffort
Node-Selectors: <none>
Tolerations: node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Normal BackOff 58m (x480 over 171m) kubelet Back-off pulling image "nginx"
[root@m1 ~]#
