[转载]以及部分总结--Linux下创建单机ASM存储的Oracle实例的过程---感谢方总

Linux下单机安装ASM流程总结

一．安装Linux

1. ESXi上传iso镜像至存储目录

1. 创建虚拟机，并且选择主机设备的ISO启动

选择完成时编辑虚拟机设置

配置镜像文件如下：

打开控制台：

并且选择开机

点击开机并且进行安装linux

选择第一项目进行安装

Skip检查快速安装

输入机器名：

进行磁盘的设置

将SWAP分区设置的较大（50G左右）

选择现在定义源，增加部分包

Linux安装完成即可

二 .  系统参数修改以及软件安装

转载：http://www.cnblogs.com/jyzhao/p/4332410.html

1. 主机准备

IP地址：

主机名：JY-DB

目录：/u01

磁盘：从主机本地磁盘资源划分50G硬盘1个，从磁阵资源划分10G硬盘3个

1.1 检查主机名和IP地址的映射：hostname -i

hostname

vi /etc/sysconfig/network

vi /etc/hosts

1.2 分配/u01目录为oracle软件安装目录，lv_asm1,lv_asm2,lv_asm3为ASM磁盘

/dev/xvdb 50G 格式化后挂载到/u01目录

/dev/xvdc /dev/xvde /dev/xvdf 各10G，不用格式化，给ASM使用

pvcreate /dev/xvdc /dev/xvde /dev/xvdf

vgcreate ora_vg /dev/xvdc /dev/xvde /dev/xvdf

lvcreate -L 10g -n lv_asm1 ora_vg

lvcreate -L 10g -n lv_asm2 ora_vg

vgdisplay ora_vg

lvcreate -l 2557 -n lv_asm3 ora_vg

在后面创建grid用户后,创建ASM前,需要更改lv的磁盘权限

chown grid:asmadmin /dev/mapper/ora*

1.3 配置YUM，安装依赖包

yum配置参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/jyzhao/p/3938290.html

yum install binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel glibc glibc-common glibc-devel gcc- gcc-c++ libaio-devel libaio libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pdksh ksh compat-libcap1

若之前安装系统没有安装图形，需要安装图形界面和xterm

yum groupinstall "X Window System"

yum install xterm

1.4 关闭系统防火墙开机启动

service iptables stop

chkconfig iptables off

2. 创建ORACLE 用户和组成员

groupadd oinstall

groupadd dba

groupadd oper

groupadd asmadmin

groupadd asmdba

groupadd asmoper

useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,oper oracle

useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper grid

分别指定oracle、grid用户的密码

passwd oracle

passwd grid

3. 创建以下目录并赋予对应权限

mkdir -p /u01/app/11.2.0/grid

mkdir -p /u01/app/grid

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app

chmod -R 775 /u01/app

4. 设置oracle、grid用户的环境变量

4.1 oracle用户登陆: vi ~/.bash_profile

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:.

export NLS_LANG=american_america.ZHS16GBK

export ORACLE_SID=jyzhao

export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:.

4.2 grid用户登录：vi ~/.bash_profile

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:.

export NLS_LANG=American_america.ZHS16GBK

export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:.

export ORACLE_SID=+ASM

5. root用户更改系统参数

5.1 vi /etc/sysctl.conf

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104 

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048586

使设置立即生效： /sbin/sysctl -p

5.2 vi /etc/security/limits.conf

oracle soft nproc 2047

oracle hard nproc 16384

oracle soft nofile 1024

oracle hard nofile 65536

oracle soft stack 10240

grid soft nproc 2047

grid hard nproc 16384

grid soft nofile 1024

grid hard nofile 65536

grid soft stack 1024

5.3 vi /etc/pam.d/login

#oracle

session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so

session required pam_limits.so

6. 上传Oracle安装介质到/u01/tmp目录下

mkdir -p /u01/tmp

p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip

p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip

p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip

7. 安装grid组件

#cd /u01/tmp/

#unzip p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip

#chown -R grid:oinstall grid

Xmanager软件用grid用户登录

$cd /u01/tmp/grid

$./runInstaller

图形界面安装，最后root用户执行两个脚本，执行脚本的屏幕输出如下：

# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.

Adding read,write permissions for group.

Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.

The execution of the script is complete.

# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/root.sh

Performing root user operation for Oracle 11g

The following environment variables are set as:

    ORACLE_OWNER= grid

    ORACLE_HOME=  /u01/app/11.2.0/grid

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:

   Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...

   Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

   Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Creating /etc/oratab file...

Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by

Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created

Finished running generic part of root script.

Now product-specific root actions will be performed.

To configure Grid Infrastructure for a Stand-Alone Server run the following command as the root user:

/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/perl/bin/perl -I/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/perl/lib -I/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/roothas.pl

To configure Grid Infrastructure for a Cluster execute the following command:

/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/config/config.sh

This command launches the Grid Infrastructure Configuration Wizard. The wizard also supports silent operation, and the parameters can be passed through the response file that is available in the installation media.

8. 根据上步执行的脚本输出提示，确定单节点需要root用户执行下面的命令

/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/perl/bin/perl -I/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/perl/lib -I/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/roothas.pl

9. 使用asmca创建ASM 磁盘组

Xmanager软件用grid用户登录

$asmca

10. 安装oralce软件

#cd /u01/tmp/

#unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip;unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip

#chown -R oracle:oinstall database

Xmanager软件用oracle用户登录

$cd /u01/tmp/database/

$./runInstaller

图形界面安装，最后root用户执行一个脚本

#/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh

11. 创建数据库

Xmanager软件用oracle用户登录

$dbca

图形界面建库，Storage Type选择ASM，+DATA1磁盘组，数据库字符集根据实际情况选择。

12. 使用grid用户创建监听

Xmanager软件用grid用户登录

$netca

13. 客户端测试数据库连接

ping IP地址

tnsping IP地址

sqlplus system/oracle@IP地址/jyzhao

14. 由于lv的权限在重启后会变回root用户，需要添加开机启动脚本

vi /etc/rc.d/rc.local

chown grid:asmadmin /dev/mapper/ora*

创建rc.local的链接文件

ln -sf /etc/rc.d/rc.local /etc/rc.d/rc1.d/S999rc.local &&

ln -sf /etc/rc.d/rc.local /etc/rc.d/rc2.d/S999rc.local &&

ln -sf /etc/rc.d/rc.local /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S999rc.local &&

ln -sf /etc/rc.d/rc.local /etc/rc.d/rc4.d/S999rc.local &&

ln -sf /etc/rc.d/rc.local /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S999rc.local &&

ln -sf /etc/rc.d/rc.local /etc/rc.d/rc6.d/S999rc.local

15. 重启测试

15.1 关闭数据库

# su - oracle

$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Thu Mar 12 14:14:38 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining

and Real Application Testing options

SQL> shutdown immediate

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL>

15.2 关闭has

$ su - grid

Password:

$ crsctl stop has

CRS-2791: Starting shutdown of Oracle High Availability Services-managed resources on 'jy-db'

CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.LISTENER.lsnr' on 'jy-db'

CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.DATA1.dg' on 'jy-db'

CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.LISTENER.lsnr' on 'jy-db' succeeded

CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.DATA1.dg' on 'jy-db' succeeded

CRS-2679: Attempting to clean 'ora.DATA1.dg' on 'jy-db'

CRS-2681: Clean of 'ora.DATA1.dg' on 'jy-db' succeeded

CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.asm' on 'jy-db'

CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.asm' on 'jy-db' succeeded

CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.cssd' on 'jy-db'

CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.cssd' on 'jy-db' succeeded

CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.evmd' on 'jy-db'

CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.evmd' on 'jy-db' succeeded

CRS-2793: Shutdown of Oracle High Availability Services-managed resources on 'jy-db' has completed

CRS-4133: Oracle High Availability Services has been stopped.

15.3 重启主机

# sync

# sync

# sync

# shutdown -Fr now

Broadcast message from root@JY-DB

        (/dev/pts/0) at 14:20 ...

The system is going down for reboot NOW!

15.4主机启动后，查看crs状态

# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/crsctl stat res -t

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

NAME           TARGET  STATE        SERVER                   STATE_DETAILS      

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Local Resources

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ora.DATA1.dg

               ONLINE  ONLINE       jy-db                                       

ora.LISTENER.lsnr

               ONLINE  ONLINE       jy-db                                       

ora.asm

               ONLINE  ONLINE       jy-db                    Started            

ora.ons

               OFFLINE OFFLINE      jy-db                                        

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Cluster Resources

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ora.cssd

      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jy-db                                        

ora.diskmon

      1        OFFLINE OFFLINE                                                  

ora.evmd

      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jy-db                                       

ora.jyzhao.db

      1        OFFLINE OFFLINE                               Instance Shutdown  

15.5 启动数据库

# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/srvctl start database -d jyzhao

# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/crsctl stat res -t

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

NAME           TARGET  STATE        SERVER                   STATE_DETAILS      

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Local Resources

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ora.DATA1.dg

               ONLINE  ONLINE       jy-db                                       

ora.LISTENER.lsnr

               ONLINE  ONLINE       jy-db                                       

ora.asm

               ONLINE  ONLINE       jy-db                    Started            

ora.ons

               OFFLINE OFFLINE      jy-db                                       

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Cluster Resources

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ora.cssd

      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jy-db                                       

ora.diskmon

      1        OFFLINE OFFLINE                                                   

ora.evmd

      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jy-db                                       

ora.jyzhao.db

      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jy-db                    Open              

15.6 客户端测试

C:\Users\Alfred>sqlplus system/oracle@IP地址/jyzhao

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期四 3月 12 14:27:12 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

连接到:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining

and Real Application Testing options

SQL>

三．   其他注意事项

1.    Shm参数的修改

Root用户修改 /etc/fstab 下的内容

[root@centos]# vi /etc/fstab

修改如下行：

tmpfs  /dev/shm  tmpfs   defaults,size=1024M        0 0

其中,size=后面的数值不能小于memory_max_target的数值

 

修改完成之后 mount –o remount /dev/shm

使更改生效

 

2.    Oracle DBCA创建过程

在进行DBCA的建库过程中需要修改内存方面的数值，内存应该在7G左右 太大的话会爆出out of memory的错误

如图：

建库完成后可以在修改memory_max_target的数值。

因为字符集的问题，可以在oracle用户输入DBCA命令之前首先使用

export LANG = en_us 将语言强制转换成英文字符，避免出现乱码

./runInstaller 以及其他GUI的命令均可以使用次命令

 

3.    LUN映射的处理

修改虚拟机的设置，增加lun的映射

增加磁盘，选择裸设备，选择LUN设备即可

 

但是每一个磁盘增加玩之后都必须进行确定 再次打开才可以。

 

4.    Linux下ASM磁盘的处理

转载 方立刚老师的文档

4.1 确定多路径服务是否安装如果未安装进行安装操作

确认multipath已经安装：

# rpm -q device-mapper-multipath

device-mapper-multipath-0.4.9-72.el6.x86_64

确认multipath服务已经自动启动

# chkconfig --list |grep multi

multipathd      0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

4.2 获取磁盘WWID

使用如下的命令 获取

#/bin/sh

for i in a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay;

do

echo sd$i

/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/sd$i

done

4.3 配置制定磁盘别名等

# vi /etc/multipath.conf

增加内容如下 wwid如实填写

defaults {

user_friendly_names yes

}

multipaths {

multipath {

wwid 360050764008100140000000000000018

alias mpath_crs1

}

multipath {

wwid 360050764008100140000000000000019

alias mpath_crs2

}

multipath {

wwid 36005076400810014000000000000001a

alias mpath_crs3

}

multipath {

wwid 36005076400810014000000000000001b

alias mpath_crs4

}

4.4 配置asm识别

#vi  /etc/udev/rules.d/12-dm-permissions.rules

配置内容为：

ENV{DM_NAME}=="mpath_crs1", NAME="asmdisk21", OWNER:="grid", GROUP:="oinstall", MODE:="660"

ENV{DM_NAME}=="mpath_crs2", NAME="asmdisk22", OWNER:="grid", GROUP:="oinstall", MODE:="660"

ENV{DM_NAME}=="mpath_crs3", NAME="asmdisk23", OWNER:="grid", GROUP:="oinstall", MODE:="660"

ENV{DM_NAME}=="mpath_crs4", NAME="asmdisk24", OWNER:="grid", GROUP:="oinstall", MODE:="660"

4.5 重启服务进行验证

重启服务：#service multipathd restart

查看结果：# ll /dev/asm*

5.    Oracle内存参数的设置

5.1 修改pfile里面memory_max_target的数值并且进行启动

修改如图示中的文件：

增加memory_max_target 为标准数据进行保存

关闭数据库

Sqlplus / as sysdba

Startup pfile=’/u01/…../initora11r2.ora’

启动完成后将此文件覆盖到 oracle home目录的 dbs 目录下

使用create spfile from pfile 重新创建spfile 下次启动时自动生效

5.2 修改db_cache_size以及shared_pool_size的数值并且保存

Alter system set db_cache_size = 80g scope=spfile;

Alter system set shared_pool_size=20g scope=spfile;

修改完成后重启数据库使更改生效

6.    Linux的包安装

在安装数据库时会提示缺少很多包，需要进行安装

进入RHEL6.5的ISO的package文件下下面。使用rpm –ivh packagename的方式就可以全部安装上

7.    Linux下挂在NTFS磁盘并且进行数据恢复

下载一个ntfs-3g的包并且进行相应的安装操作

具体操作为：

tar –zvxf ntfs-3g…..tar

cd ntfs-3g……

./configure

make

make install

使用虚拟机配置挂在这次NTFS的磁盘

进入/dev的目录，查看新增加的磁盘

使用ntfs-3g /dev/sdf1    /mnt

进行挂载