Python中多层List展平为一层

小书匠  python 

使用Python脚本的过程中,偶尔需要使用list多层转一层,又总是忘记怎么写搜索关键词,所以总是找了很久,现在把各种方法记录下来,方便自己也方便大家.

方法很多,现在就简单写8种,后面再对这8种方法做基准测试.

声明:文中的方法均收集自Making a flat list out of list of lists in Python

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1.定义减层方法

1. import functools 

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2. import itertools 

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3. import numpy 

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4. import operator 

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5. import perfplot 

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6. from collections import Iterable # or from collections.abc import Iterable 

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7. from iteration_utilities import deepflatten 

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8.  

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9. #使用两次for循环 

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10. def forfor(a): 

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11. return [item for sublist in a for item in sublist] 

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12.  

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13. #通过sum 

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14. def sum_brackets(a): 

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15. return sum(a, []) 

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16.  

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17. #使用functools內建模块 

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18. def functools_reduce(a): 

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19. return functools.reduce(operator.concat, a) 

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20.  

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21. #使用itertools內建模块 

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22. def itertools_chain(a): 

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23. return list(itertools.chain.from_iterable(a)) 

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24.  

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25. #使用numpy 

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26. def numpy_flat(a): 

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27. return list(numpy.array(a).flat) 

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28.  

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29. #使用numpy 

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30. def numpy_concatenate(a): 

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31. return list(numpy.concatenate(a)) 

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32.  

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33. #自定义函数 

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34. def flatten(items): 

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35. """Yield items from any nested iterable; see REF.""" 

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36. for x in items: 

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37. if isinstance(x, Iterable) and not isinstance(x, (str, bytes)): 

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38. yield from flatten(x) 

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39. else: 

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40. yield x 

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41.  

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42. def pylangs_flatten(a): 

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43. return list(flatten(a)) 

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44.  

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45. #使用库iteration_utilities 

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46. def iteration_utilities_deepflatten(a): 

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47. return list(deepflatten(a, depth=1)) 

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2.测试

1. a=[[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]] 

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2. print(a) 

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3.  

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4. print('--------------------------') 

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5.  

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6. print(forfor(a)) 

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7. print(sum_brackets(a)) 

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8. print(functools_reduce(a)) 

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9. print(itertools_chain(a)) 

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10. print(numpy_flat(a)) 

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11. print(numpy_concatenate(a)) 

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12. print(pylangs_flatten(a)) 

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13. print(iteration_utilities_deepflatten(a)) 

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输出:

[[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]
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[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

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2.各种方法的基准测试(消耗时间对比)

各种方法在小数据上消耗时间差别不大,如果数据很小,没必要为了选择而烦恼,如果数据很大,可以参考下面基准测试的结果来选择减层方法.

1. import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 

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2. from simple_benchmark import benchmark 

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3.  

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4. #基准测试 

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5. b = benchmark( 

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6. [forfor, sum_brackets, functools_reduce, itertools_chain,numpy_flat, numpy_concatenate, pylangs_flatten,iteration_utilities_deepflatten], 

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7. arguments={2**i: [[0]*5]*(2**i) for i in range(1, 13)}, 

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8. argument_name='number of inner lists' 

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9. ) 

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10.  

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11. #显示测试结果 

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12. plt.subplots(1,1,figsize=(15,10)) 

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13. b.plot() 

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14. plt.legend(loc = 'upper left') 

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15. plt.show() 

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消耗时间对比

相同数据量,纵轴方向越小,方法越快.

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代码可以从这里下载,需要部署Jupyter环境,可参考我的博客部署方法.