根据Python中的另一个命令列表对命令列表进行排序

I have 2 lists

我有两个列表

A = [{'g': 'goal'}, {'b': 'ball'}, {'a': 'apple'}, {'f': 'float'}, {'e': 'egg'}]
B = [{'a': None}, {'e': None}, {'b': None}, {'g': None}, {'f': None}]

I want to sort A according to B. The reason I'm asking this is, I can't simply copy B's contents into A and over-writing A's object values with None. I want to retain A's values but sort it according to B's order.

我想根据B对A进行排序，我问这个问题的原因是，我不能简单地将B的内容复制到A中，然后在没有A的情况下重写A的对象值。我想保留A的值但要按照B的顺序排序。

How do I achieve this? Would prefer a solution in Python

我该如何做到这一点?想要Python中的解决方案吗

4 个解决方案

#1

spots = {next(iter(d)): i for i, d in enumerate(B)}
sorted_A = [None] * len(A)
for d in A:
    sorted_A[spots[next(iter(d))]] = d

Average-case linear time. Place each dict directly into the spot it needs to go, without slow index calls or even calling sorted.

平均情况线性时间。将每个命令直接放置到需要执行的位置，不需要缓慢的索引调用，甚至调用排序。

#2

You could store the indices of keys in a dictionary and use those in the sorting function. This would work in O(n log(n)) time:

您可以在字典中存储键的索引，并在排序函数中使用这些索引。这将在O(n log(n))时间内工作:

>>> keys = {next(iter(v)): i for i, v in enumerate(B)}
>>> keys
{'a': 0, 'e': 1, 'b': 2, 'g': 3, 'f': 4}    
>>> A.sort(key=lambda x: keys[next(iter(x))])
>>> A
[{'a': 'apple'}, {'e': 'egg'}, {'b': 'ball'}, {'g': 'goal'}, {'f': 'float'}]

#3

You can avoid sorting by iterating over the existing, ordered keys in B:

可以通过遍历B中现有的、有序的键来避免排序:

1. Merge list A into a single lookup dict
2. 将列表A合并为单个查找命令。
3. Build a new list from the order in B, using the lookup dict to find the value matching each key
4. 根据B中的顺序构建一个新的列表，使用查找命令找到与每个键匹配的值

Code:

代码:

import itertools

merged_A = {k: v for d in A for k, v in d.items()}
sorted_A = [{k: merged_A[k]} for k in itertools.chain.from_iterable(B)]
# [{'a': 'apple'}, {'e': 'egg'}, {'b': 'ball'}, {'g': 'goal'}, {'f': 'float'}]

---

If required, you can preserve the original dict objects from A instead of building new ones:

如果需要，你可以从A保存原始的dict对象，而不是建立新的:

keys_to_dicts = {k: d for d in A for k in d}
sorted_A = [keys_to_dicts[k] for k in itertools.chain.from_iterable(B)]

#4

How about this? Create a lookup dict on A and then use B's keys to create a new list in the right order.

这个怎么样?在a上创建查找命令，然后使用B的键以正确的顺序创建新的列表。

In [103]: lookup_list = {k : d for d in A for k in d}

In [104]: sorted_list = [lookup_list[k] for d in B for k in d]; sorted_list
Out[104]: [{'a': 'apple'}, {'e': 'egg'}, {'b': 'ball'}, {'g': 'goal'}, {'f': 'float'}]

---

Performance

Setup:

设置:

import random
import copy

x = list(range(10000)) 
random.shuffle(x)

A = [{str(i) : 'test'} for i in x] 
B = copy.deepcopy(A)
random.shuffle(B)

# user2357112's solution
%%timeit
spots = {next(iter(d)): i for i, d in enumerate(B)}
sorted_A = [None] * len(A)
for d in A:
    sorted_A[spots[next(iter(d))]] = d

# Proposed in this post
%%timeit
lookup_list = {k : d for d in A for k in d}
sorted_list = [lookup_list[k] for d in B for k in d]; sorted_list

Results:

结果:

100 loops, best of 3: 9.27 ms per loop
100 loops, best of 3: 4.92 ms per loop

45% speedup to the original O(n), with twice the space complexity.

比原来的O(n)快45%，空间复杂度是原来的两倍。