JAVA发送HTTP请求的四种方式总结

时间：2021-08-05 09:19:53

源代码：http://github.com/lovewenyo/HttpDemo

1. HttpURLConnection

使用JDK原生提供的net，无需其他jar包；

HttpURLConnection是URLConnection的子类，提供更多的方法，使用更方便。

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package httpURLConnection;
 
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
 
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
 
public class HttpURLConnectionHelper {
 
 public static String sendRequest(String urlParam,String requestType) {
 
  HttpURLConnection con = null;
 
  BufferedReader buffer = null;
  StringBuffer resultBuffer = null;
 
  try {
   URL url = new URL(urlParam);
   //得到连接对象
   con = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
   //设置请求类型
   con.setRequestMethod(requestType);
   //设置请求需要返回的数据类型和字符集类型
   con.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=GBK");
   //允许写出
   con.setDoOutput(true);
   //允许读入
   con.setDoInput(true);
   //不使用缓存
   con.setUseCaches(false);
   //得到响应码
   int responseCode = con.getResponseCode();
 
   if(responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK){
    //得到响应流
    InputStream inputStream = con.getInputStream();
    //将响应流转换成字符串
    resultBuffer = new StringBuffer();
    String line;
    buffer = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "GBK"));
    while ((line = buffer.readLine()) != null) {
     resultBuffer.append(line);
    }
    return resultBuffer.toString();
   }
 
  }catch(Exception e) {
   e.printStackTrace();
  }
  return "";
 }
 public static void main(String[] args) {
 
  String url ="http://int.dpool.sina.com.cn/iplookup/iplookup.php?ip=120.79.75.96";
  System.out.println(sendRequest(url,"POST"));
 }
}

2. URLConnection

使用JDK原生提供的net，无需其他jar包；

建议使用HttpURLConnection

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package uRLConnection;
 
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
 
public class URLConnectionHelper {
 
 public static String sendRequest(String urlParam) {
 
  URLConnection con = null;
 
  BufferedReader buffer = null;
  StringBuffer resultBuffer = null;
 
  try {
    URL url = new URL(urlParam);
    con = url.openConnection();
 
   //设置请求需要返回的数据类型和字符集类型
   con.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=GBK");
   //允许写出
   con.setDoOutput(true);
   //允许读入
   con.setDoInput(true);
   //不使用缓存
   con.setUseCaches(false);
   //得到响应流
   InputStream inputStream = con.getInputStream();
   //将响应流转换成字符串
   resultBuffer = new StringBuffer();
   String line;
   buffer = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "GBK"));
   while ((line = buffer.readLine()) != null) {
    resultBuffer.append(line);
   }
   return resultBuffer.toString();
 
  }catch(Exception e) {
   e.printStackTrace();
  }
 
  return "";
 }
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  String url ="http://int.dpool.sina.com.cn/iplookup/iplookup.php?ip=120.79.75.96";
  System.out.println(sendRequest(url));
 }
}

3. HttpClient

使用方便，我个人偏爱这种方式，但依赖于第三方jar包，相关maven依赖如下：

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<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-httpclient/commons-httpclient -->
<dependency>
 <groupId>commons-httpclient</groupId>
 <artifactId>commons-httpclient</artifactId>
 <version>3.1</version>
</dependency
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package httpClient;
 
import java.io.IOException;
 
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpException;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.GetMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.params.HttpMethodParams;
 
public class HttpClientHelper {
 public static String sendPost(String urlParam) throws HttpException, IOException {
  // 创建httpClient实例对象
  HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
  // 设置httpClient连接主机服务器超时时间：15000毫秒
  httpClient.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams().setConnectionTimeout(15000);
  // 创建post请求方法实例对象
  PostMethod postMethod = new PostMethod(urlParam);
  // 设置post请求超时时间
  postMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.SO_TIMEOUT, 60000);
  postMethod.addRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");
 
  httpClient.executeMethod(postMethod);
 
  String result = postMethod.getResponseBodyAsString();
  postMethod.releaseConnection();
  return result;
 }
 public static String sendGet(String urlParam) throws HttpException, IOException {
  // 创建httpClient实例对象
  HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
  // 设置httpClient连接主机服务器超时时间：15000毫秒
  httpClient.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams().setConnectionTimeout(15000);
  // 创建GET请求方法实例对象
  GetMethod getMethod = new GetMethod(urlParam);
  // 设置post请求超时时间
  getMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.SO_TIMEOUT, 60000);
  getMethod.addRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");
 
  httpClient.executeMethod(getMethod);
 
  String result = getMethod.getResponseBodyAsString();
  getMethod.releaseConnection();
  return result;
 }
 public static void main(String[] args) throws HttpException, IOException {
  String url ="http://int.dpool.sina.com.cn/iplookup/iplookup.php?ip=120.79.75.96";
  System.out.println(sendPost(url));
  System.out.println(sendGet(url));
 }
}

4. Socket

使用JDK原生提供的net，无需其他jar包；

使用起来有点麻烦。

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package socket;
import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
 
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocket;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
 
public class SocketForHttpTest {
 
 private int port;
 private String host;
 private Socket socket;
 private BufferedReader bufferedReader;
 private BufferedWriter bufferedWriter;
 
 public SocketForHttpTest(String host,int port) throws Exception{
 
  this.host = host;
  this.port = port;
 
  /**
   * http协议
   */
  // socket = new Socket(this.host, this.port);
 
  /**
   * https协议
   */
  socket = (SSLSocket)((SSLSocketFactory)SSLSocketFactory.getDefault()).createSocket(this.host, this.port);
 
 
 }
 
 public void sendGet() throws IOException{
  //String requestUrlPath = "/z69183787/article/details/17580325";
  String requestUrlPath = "/";  
 
  OutputStreamWriter streamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream());
  bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(streamWriter);   
  bufferedWriter.write("GET " + requestUrlPath + " HTTP/1.1\r\n");
  bufferedWriter.write("Host: " + this.host + "\r\n");
  bufferedWriter.write("\r\n");
  bufferedWriter.flush();
 
  BufferedInputStream streamReader = new BufferedInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
  bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(streamReader, "utf-8"));
  String line = null;
  while((line = bufferedReader.readLine())!= null){
   System.out.println(line);
  }
  bufferedReader.close();
  bufferedWriter.close();
  socket.close();
 
 }
 
 
 public void sendPost() throws IOException{
   String path = "/";
   String data = URLEncoder.encode("name", "utf-8") + "=" + URLEncoder.encode("张三", "utf-8") + "&" +
      URLEncoder.encode("age", "utf-8") + "=" + URLEncoder.encode("32", "utf-8");
   // String data = "name=zhigang_jia";
   System.out.println(">>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>"+data);   
   OutputStreamWriter streamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), "utf-8");
   bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(streamWriter);    
   bufferedWriter.write("POST " + path + " HTTP/1.1\r\n");
   bufferedWriter.write("Host: " + this.host + "\r\n");
   bufferedWriter.write("Content-Length: " + data.length() + "\r\n");
   bufferedWriter.write("Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\r\n");
   bufferedWriter.write("\r\n");
   bufferedWriter.write(data);
 
   bufferedWriter.write("\r\n");
   bufferedWriter.flush();
 
   BufferedInputStream streamReader = new BufferedInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
   bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(streamReader, "utf-8"));
   String line = null;
   while((line = bufferedReader.readLine())!= null)
   {
    System.out.println(line);
   }
   bufferedReader.close();
   bufferedWriter.close();
   socket.close();
 }
 
 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
  /**
   * http协议测试
   */
  //SocketForHttpTest forHttpTest = new SocketForHttpTest("www.baidu.com", 80);
  /**
   * https协议测试
   */
  SocketForHttpTest forHttpTest = new SocketForHttpTest("www.baidu.com", 443);
  try {
   forHttpTest.sendGet();
  // forHttpTest.sendPost();
  } catch (IOException e) {
 
   e.printStackTrace();
  }
 }
 
}

总结

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原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/longshehe9319/article/details/80509829

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