任务描述:在一个无向图中,获取起始节点到所有其他节点的最短路径描述
dijkstra(迪杰斯特拉)算法是典型的最短路径路由算法,用于计算一个节点到其他所有节点的最短路径。主要特点是以起始点为中心向外层层扩展,直到扩展到终点为止。
dijkstra一般的表述通常有两种方式,一种用永久和临时标号方式,一种是用open, close表方式
用open,close表的方式,其采用的是贪心法的算法策略,大概过程如下:
1.声明两个集合,open和close,open用于存储未遍历的节点,close用来存储已遍历的节点
2.初始阶段,将初始节点放入close,其他所有节点放入open
3.以初始节点为中心向外一层层遍历,获取离指定节点最近的子节点放入close并从新计算路径,直至close包含所有子节点
代码实例如下:
node对象用于封装节点信息,包括名字和子节点
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public class node {
private string name;
private map<node,integer> child= new hashmap<node,integer>();
public node(string name){
this .name=name;
}
public string getname() {
return name;
}
public void setname(string name) {
this .name = name;
}
public map<node, integer> getchild() {
return child;
}
public void setchild(map<node, integer> child) {
this .child = child;
}
}
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mapbuilder用于初始化数据源,返回图的起始节点
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public class mapbuilder {
public node build(set<node> open, set<node> close){
node nodea= new node( "a" );
node nodeb= new node( "b" );
node nodec= new node( "c" );
node noded= new node( "d" );
node nodee= new node( "e" );
node nodef= new node( "f" );
node nodeg= new node( "g" );
node nodeh= new node( "h" );
nodea.getchild().put(nodeb, 1 );
nodea.getchild().put(nodec, 1 );
nodea.getchild().put(noded, 4 );
nodea.getchild().put(nodeg, 5 );
nodea.getchild().put(nodef, 2 );
nodeb.getchild().put(nodea, 1 );
nodeb.getchild().put(nodef, 2 );
nodeb.getchild().put(nodeh, 4 );
nodec.getchild().put(nodea, 1 );
nodec.getchild().put(nodeg, 3 );
noded.getchild().put(nodea, 4 );
noded.getchild().put(nodee, 1 );
nodee.getchild().put(noded, 1 );
nodee.getchild().put(nodef, 1 );
nodef.getchild().put(nodee, 1 );
nodef.getchild().put(nodeb, 2 );
nodef.getchild().put(nodea, 2 );
nodeg.getchild().put(nodec, 3 );
nodeg.getchild().put(nodea, 5 );
nodeg.getchild().put(nodeh, 1 );
nodeh.getchild().put(nodeb, 4 );
nodeh.getchild().put(nodeg, 1 );
open.add(nodeb);
open.add(nodec);
open.add(noded);
open.add(nodee);
open.add(nodef);
open.add(nodeg);
open.add(nodeh);
close.add(nodea);
return nodea;
}
}
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图的结构如下图所示:
dijkstra对象用于计算起始节点到所有其他节点的最短路径
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public class dijkstra {
set<node> open= new hashset<node>();
set<node> close= new hashset<node>();
map<string,integer> path= new hashmap<string,integer>(); //封装路径距离
map<string,string> pathinfo= new hashmap<string,string>(); //封装路径信息
public node init(){
//初始路径,因没有a->e这条路径,所以path(e)设置为integer.max_value
path.put( "b" , 1 );
pathinfo.put( "b" , "a->b" );
path.put( "c" , 1 );
pathinfo.put( "c" , "a->c" );
path.put( "d" , 4 );
pathinfo.put( "d" , "a->d" );
path.put( "e" , integer.max_value);
pathinfo.put( "e" , "a" );
path.put( "f" , 2 );
pathinfo.put( "f" , "a->f" );
path.put( "g" , 5 );
pathinfo.put( "g" , "a->g" );
path.put( "h" , integer.max_value);
pathinfo.put( "h" , "a" );
//将初始节点放入close,其他节点放入open
node start= new mapbuilder().build(open,close);
return start;
}
public void computepath(node start){
node nearest=getshortestpath(start); //取距离start节点最近的子节点,放入close
if (nearest== null ){
return ;
}
close.add(nearest);
open.remove(nearest);
map<node,integer> childs=nearest.getchild();
for (node child:childs.keyset()){
if (open.contains(child)){ //如果子节点在open中
integer newcompute=path.get(nearest.getname())+childs.get(child);
if (path.get(child.getname())>newcompute){ //之前设置的距离大于新计算出来的距离
path.put(child.getname(), newcompute);
pathinfo.put(child.getname(), pathinfo.get(nearest.getname())+ "->" +child.getname());
}
}
}
computepath(start); //重复执行自己,确保所有子节点被遍历
computepath(nearest); //向外一层层递归,直至所有顶点被遍历
}
public void printpathinfo(){
set<map.entry<string, string>> pathinfos=pathinfo.entryset();
for (map.entry<string, string> pathinfo:pathinfos){
system.out.println(pathinfo.getkey()+ ":" +pathinfo.getvalue());
}
}
/**
* 获取与node最近的子节点
*/
private node getshortestpath(node node){
node res= null ;
int mindis=integer.max_value;
map<node,integer> childs=node.getchild();
for (node child:childs.keyset()){
if (open.contains(child)){
int distance=childs.get(child);
if (distance<mindis){
mindis=distance;
res=child;
}
}
}
return res;
}
}
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main用于测试dijkstra对象
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public class main {
public static void main(string[] args) {
dijkstra test= new dijkstra();
node start=test.init();
test.computepath(start);
test.printpathinfo();
}
}
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打印输出如下:
d:a->d
e:a->f->e
f:a->f
g:a->c->g
b:a->b
c:a->c
h:a->b->h
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。
原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/javaman_chen/article/details/8254309