使用C语言实现vector动态数组的实例分享

下面是做项目时实现的一个动态数组，先后加入了好几个之后的项目，下面晒下代码。

头文件：

# ifndef __CVECTOR_H__
# define __CVECTOR_H__
# define MIN_LEN 256
# define CVEFAILED -1
# define CVESUCCESS 0
# define CVEPUSHBACK 1
# define CVEPOPBACK 2
# define CVEINSERT  3
# define CVERM    4
# define EXPANED_VAL 1
# define REDUSED_VAL 2

typedef void *citerator;
typedef struct _cvector *cvector;

# ifdef _cplusplus
# define EXTERN_ extern "C"
# else
# define EXTERN_ extern
# endif

EXTERN_ cvector  cvector_create  (const size_t size              );
EXTERN_ void   cvector_destroy (const cvector cv              );
EXTERN_ size_t  cvector_length  (const cvector cv              );
EXTERN_ int    cvector_pushback (const cvector cv, void *memb        );
EXTERN_ int    cvector_popback (const cvector cv, void *memb        );
EXTERN_ size_t  cvector_iter_at (const cvector cv, citerator iter      );
EXTERN_ int    cvector_iter_val (const cvector cv, citerator iter, void *memb);
EXTERN_ citerator cvector_begin  (const cvector cv              );
EXTERN_ citerator cvector_end   (const cvector cv              );
EXTERN_ citerator cvector_next   (const cvector cv, citerator iter      );
EXTERN_ int    cvector_val_at  (const cvector cv, size_t index, void *memb );
EXTERN_ int    cvector_insert  (const cvector cv, citerator iter, void *memb);
EXTERN_ int    cvector_insert_at(const cvector cv, size_t index, void *memb );
EXTERN_ int    cvector_rm    (const cvector cv, citerator iter      );
EXTERN_ int    cvector_rm_at  (const cvector cv, size_t index       );

/* for test */
EXTERN_ void   cv_info     (const cvector cv              );
EXTERN_ void   cv_print     (const cvector cv              );
#endif /* EOF file cvector.h */

C文件：

# include <stdio.h>
# include <stdlib.h>
# include <string.h>
# include <unistd.h>
# define MIN_LEN 256
# define CVEFAILED -1
# define CVESUCCESS 0
# define CVEPUSHBACK 1
# define CVEPOPBACK 2
# define CVEINSERT  3
# define CVERM    4
# define EXPANED_VAL 1
# define REDUSED_VAL 2

typedef void *citerator;
typedef struct _cvector
{
  void *cv_pdata;
  size_t cv_len, cv_tot_len, cv_size;
} *cvector;

# define CWARNING_ITER(cv, iter, file, func, line) \
  do {\
    if ((cvector_begin(cv) > iter) || (cvector_end(cv) <= iter)) {\
      fprintf(stderr, "var(" #iter ") warng out of range, "\
          "at file:%s func:%s line:%d!!/n", file, func, line);\
      return CVEFAILED;\
    }\
  } while (0)

# ifdef _cplusplus
# define EXTERN_ extern "C"
# else
# define EXTERN_ extern
# endif

EXTERN_ cvector  cvector_create  (const size_t size              );
EXTERN_ void   cvector_destroy (const cvector cv              );
EXTERN_ size_t  cvector_length  (const cvector cv              );
EXTERN_ int    cvector_pushback (const cvector cv, void *memb        );
EXTERN_ int    cvector_popback (const cvector cv, void *memb        );
EXTERN_ size_t  cvector_iter_at (const cvector cv, citerator iter      );
EXTERN_ int    cvector_iter_val (const cvector cv, citerator iter, void *memb);
EXTERN_ citerator cvector_begin  (const cvector cv              );
EXTERN_ citerator cvector_end   (const cvector cv              );
EXTERN_ citerator cvector_next   (const cvector cv, citerator iter      );
EXTERN_ int    cvector_val_at  (const cvector cv, size_t index, void *memb );
EXTERN_ int    cvector_insert  (const cvector cv, citerator iter, void *memb);
EXTERN_ int    cvector_insert_at(const cvector cv, size_t index, void *memb );
EXTERN_ int    cvector_rm    (const cvector cv, citerator iter      );
EXTERN_ int    cvector_rm_at  (const cvector cv, size_t index       );

/* for test */
EXTERN_ void   cv_info     (const cvector cv              );
EXTERN_ void   cv_print     (const cvector cv              );

cvector cvector_create(const size_t size)
{
  cvector cv = (cvector)malloc(sizeof (struct _cvector));

  if (!cv) return NULL;

  cv->cv_pdata = malloc(MIN_LEN * size);

  if (!cv->cv_pdata)
  {
    free(cv);
    return NULL;
  }

  cv->cv_size = size;
  cv->cv_tot_len = MIN_LEN;
  cv->cv_len = 0;

  return cv;
}

void cvector_destroy(const cvector cv)
{
  free(cv->cv_pdata);
  free(cv);
  return;
}

size_t cvector_length(const cvector cv)
{
  return cv->cv_len;
}

int cvector_pushback(const cvector cv, void *memb)
{
  if (cv->cv_len >= cv->cv_tot_len)
  {
    void *pd_sav = cv->cv_pdata;
    cv->cv_tot_len <<= EXPANED_VAL;
    cv->cv_pdata = realloc(cv->cv_pdata, cv->cv_tot_len * cv->cv_size);

    if (!cv->cv_pdata)
    {
      cv->cv_pdata = pd_sav;
      cv->cv_tot_len >>= EXPANED_VAL;
      return CVEPUSHBACK;
    }
  }

  memcpy(cv->cv_pdata + cv->cv_len * cv->cv_size, memb, cv->cv_size);
  cv->cv_len++;

  return CVESUCCESS;
}

int cvector_popback(const cvector cv, void *memb)
{
  if (cv->cv_len <= 0) return CVEPOPBACK;

  cv->cv_len--;
  memcpy(memb, cv->cv_pdata + cv->cv_len * cv->cv_size, cv->cv_size);

  if ((cv->cv_tot_len >= (MIN_LEN << REDUSED_VAL))
      && (cv->cv_len <= (cv->cv_tot_len >> REDUSED_VAL)))
  {
    void *pd_sav = cv->cv_pdata;
    cv->cv_tot_len >>= EXPANED_VAL;
    cv->cv_pdata = realloc(cv->cv_pdata, cv->cv_tot_len * cv->cv_size);

    if (!cv->cv_pdata)
    {
      cv->cv_tot_len <<= EXPANED_VAL;
      cv->cv_pdata = pd_sav;
      return CVEPOPBACK;
    }
  }

  return CVESUCCESS;
}

size_t cvector_iter_at(const cvector cv, citerator iter)
{
  CWARNING_ITER(cv, iter, __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__);
  return (iter - cv->cv_pdata) / cv->cv_size;
}

int cvector_iter_val(const cvector cv, citerator iter, void *memb)
{
  CWARNING_ITER(cv, iter, __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__);
  memcpy(memb, iter, cv->cv_size);
  return 0;
}

citerator cvector_begin(const cvector cv)
{
  return cv->cv_pdata;
}

citerator cvector_end(const cvector cv)
{
  return cv->cv_pdata + (cv->cv_size * cv->cv_len);
}

static inline void cvmemove_foreward(const cvector cv, void *from, void *to)
{
  size_t size = cv->cv_size;
  void *p;
  for (p = to; p >= from; p -= size) memcpy(p + size, p, size);
  return;
}

static inline void cvmemove_backward(const cvector cv, void *from, void *to)
{
  memcpy(from, from + cv->cv_size, to - from);
  return;
}

int cvector_insert(const cvector cv, citerator iter, void *memb)
{
  CWARNING_ITER(cv, iter, __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__);

  if (cv->cv_len >= cv->cv_tot_len)
  {
    void *pd_sav = cv->cv_pdata;
    cv->cv_tot_len <<= EXPANED_VAL;
    cv->cv_pdata = realloc(cv->cv_pdata, cv->cv_tot_len * cv->cv_size);

    if (!cv->cv_pdata)
    {
      cv->cv_pdata = pd_sav;
      cv->cv_tot_len >>= EXPANED_VAL;
      return CVEINSERT;
    }
  }

  cvmemove_foreward(cv, iter, cv->cv_pdata + cv->cv_len * cv->cv_size);
  memcpy(iter, memb, cv->cv_size);
  cv->cv_len++;

  return CVESUCCESS;
}

int cvector_insert_at(const cvector cv, size_t index, void *memb)
{
  citerator iter;

  if (index >= cv->cv_tot_len)
  {
    cv->cv_len = index + 1;
    while (cv->cv_len >= cv->cv_tot_len) cv->cv_tot_len <<= EXPANED_VAL;
    cv->cv_pdata = realloc(cv->cv_pdata, cv->cv_tot_len * cv->cv_size);
    iter = cv->cv_pdata + cv->cv_size * index;
    memcpy(iter, memb, cv->cv_size);
  }
  else
  {
    iter = cv->cv_pdata + cv->cv_size * index;
    cvector_insert(cv, iter, memb);
  }

  return 0;
}

citerator cvector_next(const cvector cv, citerator iter)
{
  return iter + cv->cv_size;
}

int cvector_val(const cvector cv, citerator iter, void *memb)
{
  memcpy(memb, iter, cv->cv_size);
  return 0;
}

int cvector_val_at(const cvector cv, size_t index, void *memb)
{
  memcpy(memb, cv->cv_pdata + index * cv->cv_size, cv->cv_size);
  return 0;
}

int cvector_rm(const cvector cv, citerator iter)
{
  citerator from;
  citerator end;
  CWARNING_ITER(cv, iter, __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__);
  from = iter;
  end = cvector_end(cv);
  memcpy(from, from + cv->cv_size, end - from);
  cv->cv_len--;

  if ((cv->cv_tot_len >= (MIN_LEN << REDUSED_VAL))
      && (cv->cv_len <= (cv->cv_tot_len >> REDUSED_VAL)))
  {
    void *pd_sav = cv->cv_pdata;
    cv->cv_tot_len >>= EXPANED_VAL;
    cv->cv_pdata = realloc(cv->cv_pdata, cv->cv_tot_len * cv->cv_size);

    if (!cv->cv_pdata)
    {
      cv->cv_tot_len <<= EXPANED_VAL;
      cv->cv_pdata = pd_sav;
      return CVERM;
    }
  }

  return CVESUCCESS;
}

int cvector_rm_at(const cvector cv, size_t index)
{
  citerator iter;
  iter = cv->cv_pdata + cv->cv_size * index;
  CWARNING_ITER(cv, iter, __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__);
  return cvector_rm(cv, iter);
}

void cv_info(const cvector cv)
{
  printf("/n/ntot :%s : %d/n", __func__, cv->cv_tot_len);
  printf("len :%s : %d/n",   __func__, cv->cv_len);
  printf("size:%s : %d/n/n",  __func__, cv->cv_size);
  return;
}

void cv_print(const cvector cv)
{
  int num;
  citerator iter;

  if (cvector_length(cv) == 0)
    fprintf(stderr, "file:%s func:%s line:%d error, null length cvector!!/n", __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__);

  for (iter = cvector_begin(cv);
      iter != cvector_end(cv);
      iter = cvector_next(cv, iter))
  {
    cvector_iter_val(cv, iter, &num);
    printf("var:%d at:%d/n", num, cvector_iter_at(cv, iter));
  }

  return;
}

改进版
上面那份代码是在Linux下写的，如果是在Windows的Visul C++环境下编译似乎会出些问题，所以特别做了个改进版：
下面是更新后的代码：

cvector.h

# ifndef __CVECTOR_H__
# define __CVECTOR_H__

# include <stdio.h>
# include <stdlib.h>
# include <string.h>

# define MIN_LEN 256
# define CVEFAILED -1
# define CVESUCCESS 0
# define CVEPUSHBACK 1
# define CVEPOPBACK 2
# define CVEINSERT  3
# define CVERM    4
# define EXPANED_VAL 1
# define REDUSED_VAL 2

typedef void *citerator;
typedef struct _cvector *cvector;

# ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
# endif

  cvector  cvector_create  (const size_t size              );
  void   cvector_destroy (const cvector cv              );
  size_t  cvector_length  (const cvector cv              );
  int    cvector_pushback (const cvector cv, void *memb        );
  int    cvector_popback (const cvector cv, void *memb        );
  size_t  cvector_iter_at (const cvector cv, citerator iter      );
  int    cvector_iter_val (const cvector cv, citerator iter, void *memb);
  citerator cvector_begin  (const cvector cv              );
  citerator cvector_end   (const cvector cv              );
  citerator cvector_next   (const cvector cv, citerator iter      );
  int    cvector_val_at  (const cvector cv, size_t index, void *memb );
  int    cvector_insert  (const cvector cv, citerator iter, void *memb);
  int    cvector_insert_at(const cvector cv, size_t index, void *memb );
  int    cvector_rm    (const cvector cv, citerator iter      );
  int    cvector_rm_at  (const cvector cv, size_t index       );

  /* for test */
  void   cv_info     (const cvector cv              );
  void   cv_print     (const cvector cv              );

# ifdef __cplusplus
}
# endif

#endif /* EOF file cvector.h */

cvector.c

#include "cvector.h"

#ifndef __gnu_linux__
#define __func__ "unknown"
#define inline __forceinline
#endif

# define CWARNING_ITER(cv, iter, file, func, line) \
  do {\
  if ((cvector_begin(cv) > iter) || (cvector_end(cv) <= iter)) {\
  fprintf(stderr, "var(" #iter ") warng out of range, "\
  "at file:%s func:%s line:%d!!\n", file, func, line);\
  return CVEFAILED;\
  }\
  } while (0)

struct _cvector
{
  void *cv_pdata;
  size_t cv_len, cv_tot_len, cv_size;
};

cvector cvector_create(const size_t size)
{
  cvector cv = (cvector)malloc(sizeof (struct _cvector));

  if (!cv) return NULL;

  cv->cv_pdata = malloc(MIN_LEN * size);

  if (!cv->cv_pdata)
  {
    free(cv);
    return NULL;
  }

  cv->cv_size = size;
  cv->cv_tot_len = MIN_LEN;
  cv->cv_len = 0;

  return cv;
}

void cvector_destroy(const cvector cv)
{
  free(cv->cv_pdata);
  free(cv);
  return;
}

size_t cvector_length(const cvector cv)
{
  return cv->cv_len;
}

int cvector_pushback(const cvector cv, void *memb)
{
  if (cv->cv_len >= cv->cv_tot_len)
  {
    void *pd_sav = cv->cv_pdata;
    cv->cv_tot_len <<= EXPANED_VAL;
    cv->cv_pdata = realloc(cv->cv_pdata, cv->cv_tot_len * cv->cv_size);

    if (!cv->cv_pdata)
    {
      cv->cv_pdata = pd_sav;
      cv->cv_tot_len >>= EXPANED_VAL;
      return CVEPUSHBACK;
    }
  }

  memcpy((char *)cv->cv_pdata + cv->cv_len * cv->cv_size, memb, cv->cv_size);
  cv->cv_len++;

  return CVESUCCESS;
}

int cvector_popback(const cvector cv, void *memb)
{
  if (cv->cv_len <= 0) return CVEPOPBACK;

  cv->cv_len--;
  memcpy(memb, (char *)cv->cv_pdata + cv->cv_len * cv->cv_size, cv->cv_size);

  if ((cv->cv_tot_len >= (MIN_LEN << REDUSED_VAL))
    && (cv->cv_len <= (cv->cv_tot_len >> REDUSED_VAL)))
  {
    void *pd_sav = cv->cv_pdata;
    cv->cv_tot_len >>= EXPANED_VAL;
    cv->cv_pdata = realloc(cv->cv_pdata, cv->cv_tot_len * cv->cv_size);

    if (!cv->cv_pdata)
    {
      cv->cv_tot_len <<= EXPANED_VAL;
      cv->cv_pdata = pd_sav;
      return CVEPOPBACK;
    }
  }

  return CVESUCCESS;
}

size_t cvector_iter_at(const cvector cv, citerator iter)
{
  CWARNING_ITER(cv, iter, __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__);
  return ((char *)iter - (char *)cv->cv_pdata) / cv->cv_size;
}

int cvector_iter_val(const cvector cv, citerator iter, void *memb)
{
  CWARNING_ITER(cv, iter, __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__);
  memcpy(memb, iter, cv->cv_size);
  return 0;
}

citerator cvector_begin(const cvector cv)
{
  return cv->cv_pdata;
}

citerator cvector_end(const cvector cv)
{
  return (char *)cv->cv_pdata + (cv->cv_size * cv->cv_len);
}

static inline void cvmemove_foreward(const cvector cv, void *from, void *to)
{
  size_t size = cv->cv_size;
  char *p;
  for (p = (char *)to; p >= (char *)from; p -= size) memcpy(p + size, p, size);
  return;
}

static inline void cvmemove_backward(const cvector cv, void *from, void *to)
{
  memcpy(from, (char *)from + cv->cv_size, (char *)to - (char *)from);
  return;
}

int cvector_insert(const cvector cv, citerator iter, void *memb)
{
  CWARNING_ITER(cv, iter, __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__);

  if (cv->cv_len >= cv->cv_tot_len)
  {
    void *pd_sav = cv->cv_pdata;
    cv->cv_tot_len <<= EXPANED_VAL;
    cv->cv_pdata = realloc(cv->cv_pdata, cv->cv_tot_len * cv->cv_size);

    if (!cv->cv_pdata)
    {
      cv->cv_pdata = pd_sav;
      cv->cv_tot_len >>= EXPANED_VAL;
      return CVEINSERT;
    }
  }

  cvmemove_foreward(cv, iter, (char *)cv->cv_pdata + cv->cv_len * cv->cv_size);
  memcpy(iter, memb, cv->cv_size);
  cv->cv_len++;

  return CVESUCCESS;
}

int cvector_insert_at(const cvector cv, size_t index, void *memb)
{
  citerator iter;

  if (index >= cv->cv_tot_len)
  {
    cv->cv_len = index + 1;
    while (cv->cv_len >= cv->cv_tot_len) cv->cv_tot_len <<= EXPANED_VAL;
    cv->cv_pdata = realloc(cv->cv_pdata, cv->cv_tot_len * cv->cv_size);
    iter = (char *)cv->cv_pdata + cv->cv_size * index;
    memcpy(iter, memb, cv->cv_size);
  }
  else
  {
    iter = (char *)cv->cv_pdata + cv->cv_size * index;
    cvector_insert(cv, iter, memb);
  }

  return 0;
}

citerator cvector_next(const cvector cv, citerator iter)
{
  return (char *)iter + cv->cv_size;
}

int cvector_val(const cvector cv, citerator iter, void *memb)
{
  memcpy(memb, iter, cv->cv_size);
  return 0;
}

int cvector_val_at(const cvector cv, size_t index, void *memb)
{
  memcpy(memb, (char *)cv->cv_pdata + index * cv->cv_size, cv->cv_size);
  return 0;
}

int cvector_rm(const cvector cv, citerator iter)
{
  citerator from;
  citerator end;
  CWARNING_ITER(cv, iter, __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__);
  from = iter;
  end = cvector_end(cv);
  memcpy(from, (char *)from + cv->cv_size, (char *)end - (char *)from);
  cv->cv_len--;

  if ((cv->cv_tot_len >= (MIN_LEN << REDUSED_VAL))
    && (cv->cv_len <= (cv->cv_tot_len >> REDUSED_VAL)))
  {
    void *pd_sav = cv->cv_pdata;
    cv->cv_tot_len >>= EXPANED_VAL;
    cv->cv_pdata = realloc(cv->cv_pdata, cv->cv_tot_len * cv->cv_size);

    if (!cv->cv_pdata)
    {
      cv->cv_tot_len <<= EXPANED_VAL;
      cv->cv_pdata = pd_sav;
      return CVERM;
    }
  }

  return CVESUCCESS;
}

int cvector_rm_at(const cvector cv, size_t index)
{
  citerator iter;
  iter = (char *)cv->cv_pdata + cv->cv_size * index;
  CWARNING_ITER(cv, iter, __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__);
  return cvector_rm(cv, iter);
}

void cv_info(const cvector cv)
{
  printf("\n\ntot :%s : %d\n", __func__, cv->cv_tot_len);
  printf("len :%s : %d\n",   __func__, cv->cv_len);
  printf("size:%s : %d\n\n",  __func__, cv->cv_size);
  return;
}

void cv_print(const cvector cv)
{
  int num;
  citerator iter;

  if (cvector_length(cv) == 0)
    fprintf(stderr, "file:%s func:%s line:%d error, null length cvector!!\n", __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__);

  for (iter = cvector_begin(cv);
    iter != cvector_end(cv);
    iter = cvector_next(cv, iter))
  {
    cvector_iter_val(cv, iter, &num);
    printf("var:%d at:%d\n", num, cvector_iter_at(cv, iter));
  }

  return;
}

main.cpp

#include "cvector.h"

int main()
{
  int i = 1;
  cvector cv = cvector_create(sizeof(int));
  cvector_pushback(cv, &i);
  cvector_pushback(cv, &i);
  cvector_pushback(cv, &i);
  cvector_pushback(cv, &i);
  cv_print(cv);
  cvector_destroy(cv);
  return 0;
}