HTTP 压缩可以大大提高浏览网站的速度,它的原理是,在客户端请求网 页后,从服务器端将网页文件压缩,再下载到客户端,由客户端的浏览器负责解 压缩并浏览。相对于普通的浏览过程HTML ,CSS,Javascript , Text ,它可以节省40%左右的流量。更为重要的是,它可以对动态生成的,包括CGI、PHP , JSP , ASP , Servlet,SHTML等输出的网页也能进行压缩,压缩效率惊人
一 对于Tomcat5.0以后的版本是支持对输出内容进行压缩的使用的是gzip压缩格式
下 面是tomcat5.5.20 中的$tomcat_home$/conf/server.xml的原内容
< Connector port ="80" maxHttpHeaderSize ="8192"
maxThreads ="150" minSpareThreads ="25" maxSpareThreads ="75"
enableLookups ="false" redirectPort ="8443" acceptCount ="100"
connectionTimeout ="20000" disableUploadTimeout ="true" URIEncoding ="utf-8" />
<!-- Note : To disable connection timeouts, set connectionTimeout value
to 0 -->
<!-- Note : To use gzip compression you could set the following properties :
compression="on"
compressionMinSize="2048"
noCompressionUserAgents="gozilla, traviata"
compressableMimeType="text/html,text/xml"
-->从上面的第 8行内容可以看出,要使用gzip压缩功能,你可以在Connector实例中加上如下 属性即可
1) compression="on" 打开压缩功能
2) compressionMinSize="2048" 启用压缩的输出内容大小,这里面默认为2KB
3) noCompressionUserAgents="gozilla, traviata" 对于以下的浏览器,不启用压缩
4) compressableMimeType="text/html,text/xml" 压缩类型(默认为text/html,text/xml,text/plain)
我 这里的配置内容为:
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< Connector port = "80" maxHttpHeaderSize = "8192"
maxThreads = "150" minSpareThreads = "25" maxSpareThreads = "75"
enableLookups = "false" redirectPort = "8443" acceptCount = "100"
connectionTimeout = "20000" disableUploadTimeout = "true" URIEncoding = "utf-8"
compression = "on"
compressionMinSize = "2048"
noCompressionUserAgents = "gozilla, traviata"
compressableMimeType = "text/html,text/xml,text/javascript,text/css,text/plain" />
<!-- Note : To disable connection timeouts, set connectionTimeout value
to 0 -->
<!-- Note : To use gzip compression you could set the following properties :
compression="on"
compressionMinSize="2048"
noCompressionUserAgents="gozilla, traviata"
compressableMimeType="text/html,text/xml"
-->
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一旦启用了这个压缩功能后,我们怎么来测试压缩是否有效呢?首先Tomcat是根据浏览器请求头中的accept-encoding来判断浏览器是否支持 压缩功能,如果这个值包含有gzip,就表明浏览器支持gzip压缩内容的浏览,所以我们可以用httpclient来写一个这样的简单测试程序
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import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.GetMethod;
public class HttpTester {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
HttpClient http = new HttpClient();
GetMethod get = new GetMethod( "http://www.dlog.cn/js/prototype.js" );
try {
get.addRequestHeader( "accept-encoding" , "gzip,deflate" );
get.addRequestHeader( "user-agent" , "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.0; Alexa Toolbar; Maxthon 2.0)" );
int er = http.executeMethod(get);
if (er== 200 ){
System.out.println(get.getResponseContentLength());
String html = get.getResponseBodyAsString();
System.out.println(html);
System.out.println(html.getBytes().length);
}
} finally {
get.releaseConnection();
}
}
}
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执行这个测试程序,看看它所输出的是什么内容,如果输出的是一些 乱码,以及打印内容的长度远小于实际的长度,那么恭喜你,你的配置生效了,你会发现你网站的浏览速度比以前快多了。