方案
存储前,加密后再存储到数据库
读取后,利用 KEY 进行解密
实现
ActiveSupport::MessageEncryptor 是 Rails 基于 openssl 封装实现的一个类,可用于对一个对象进行加密、解密操作。例如:
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salt = SecureRandom.random_bytes( 64 )
key = ActiveSupport::KeyGenerator. new ( 'password' ).generate_key(salt) # => "\x89\xE0\x156\xAC..."
crypt = ActiveSupport::MessageEncryptor. new (key) # => #<ActiveSupport::MessageEncryptor ...>
encrypted_data = crypt.encrypt_and_sign( 'my secret data' ) # => "NlFBTTMwOUV5UlA1QlNEN2xkY2d6eThYWWh..."
crypt.decrypt_and_verify(encrypted_data) # => "my secret data"
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serialize 是 Rails ActiveRecord 里的一个类方法,可用于执行一个 column 如何存储到数据库,以及从数据库读取出来后要如何处理,例如:
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class User < ActiveRecord::Base
serialize :preferences , Hash
end
user = User. new
user.preferences = {
gender: 'male' ,
age: 18
}
user.save!
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另外,Rails 还允许自定义 Serizlizer,使得开发者能够自行决定如何做进行序列化和反序列化。例如:
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class CustomerSerializer
def self .load(value)
value.to_s.blank? ? "" : JSON .parse(value)
end
def self .dump(value)
(value || {}).to_json
end
end
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
serialize :preferences , CustomerSerializer
end
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基于此,我们可以自己实现一个 serializer,使得我们能够进行对字段进行加密存储,同时读取出来时能够自行进行解密。
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class EncryptedStringSerializer
def self .load(value)
value.to_s.blank? ? '' : decrypt(value)
end
def self .dump(value)
encrypt(value || '' )
end
private
def self .encrypt(value)
encryptor.encrypt_and_sign(value)
end
def self .decrypt(value)
encryptor.decrypt_and_verify(value)
end
def self .encryptor
@encryptor ||= ActiveSupport::MessageEncryptor. new (Settings.message_encryptor_key)
end
end
class UserAddress < ActiveRecord::Base
serialize :phone , EncryptedStringSerializer
serialize :first_name , EncryptedStringSerializer
serialize :last_name , EncryptedStringSerializer
serialize :country , EncryptedStringSerializer
serialize :state , EncryptedStringSerializer
serialize :city , EncryptedStringSerializer
serialize :address1 , EncryptedStringSerializer
serialize :address2 , EncryptedStringSerializer
serialize :zipcode , EncryptedStringSerializer
end
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可以改进的点
加解密用的 KEY 是否过于简单?
针对现有数据,如何平滑过渡?
原文链接:http://www.justqyx.me/blog/2017/11/26/keep-attribute-safe-in-rails/