我们知道,在WCF中,客户端对服务操作方法的每一次调用,都可以被看作是一条消息,而且,可能我们还会有一个疑问:如何知道客户端与服务器通讯过程中,期间发送和接收的SOAP是什么样子。当然,也有人是通过借助其他工具来抓取数据包来查看。那,有没有办法让程序自己输出相应的SOAP信息呢?
要对SOAP消息进行拦截和修改,我们需要实现两个接口,它们都位于System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher (程序集System.ServiceModel)。下面分别价绍。
接口一:IClientMessageInspector
从名字中我们可以猜测,它是用来拦截客户消息的,而看看它的方法,你就更加肯定当初的猜测了。
- BeforeSendRequest:向服务器发送请求前拦截或修改消息(事前控制)
- AfterReceiveReply:接收到服务器的回复消息后,在调用返回之前拦截或修改消息(事后诸葛亮)
接口二:IDispatchMessageInspector
刚才那个接口是针对客户端的,而这个是针对服务器端的。
- AfterReceiveRequest:接收客户端请求后,在进入操作处理代码之前拦截或修改消息(欺上)
- BeforeSendReply:服务器向客户端发送回复消息之前拦截和修改消息(瞒下)。
虽然实现了这两个接口,但你会有新的疑问,怎么用?把它们放到哪儿才能拦截消息?因此,下一步就是要实现IEndpointBehavior按口(System.ServiceModel.Description命名空间,程序集System.ServiceModel),它有四个方法,而我们只需要处理两个就够了
新建一个类库应用,然后添加System.ServiceModel程序集的引用
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks; using System.ServiceModel;
using System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher;
using System.ServiceModel.Description;
using System.ServiceModel.Channels; namespace MyLib
{
/// <summary>
/// 消息拦截器
/// </summary>
public class MyMessageInspector:IClientMessageInspector,IDispatchMessageInspector
{
void IClientMessageInspector.AfterReceiveReply(ref Message reply, object correlationState)
{
Console.WriteLine("客户端接收到的回复:\n{0}", reply.ToString());
} object IClientMessageInspector.BeforeSendRequest(ref Message request, IClientChannel channel)
{
Console.WriteLine("客户端发送请求前的SOAP消息:\n{0}", request.ToString());
return null;
} object IDispatchMessageInspector.AfterReceiveRequest(ref Message request, IClientChannel channel, InstanceContext instanceContext)
{
Console.WriteLine("服务器端:接收到的请求:\n{0}", request.ToString());
return null;
} void IDispatchMessageInspector.BeforeSendReply(ref Message reply, object correlationState)
{
Console.WriteLine("服务器即将作出以下回复:\n{0}", reply.ToString());
}
} /// <summary>
/// 插入到终结点的Behavior
/// </summary>
public class MyEndPointBehavior : IEndpointBehavior
{
public void AddBindingParameters(ServiceEndpoint endpoint, BindingParameterCollection bindingParameters)
{
// 不需要
return;
} public void ApplyClientBehavior(ServiceEndpoint endpoint, ClientRuntime clientRuntime)
{
// 植入“偷听器”客户端
clientRuntime.ClientMessageInspectors.Add(new MyMessageInspector());
} public void ApplyDispatchBehavior(ServiceEndpoint endpoint, EndpointDispatcher endpointDispatcher)
{
// 植入“偷听器” 服务器端
endpointDispatcher.DispatchRuntime.MessageInspectors.Add(new MyMessageInspector());
} public void Validate(ServiceEndpoint endpoint)
{
// 不需要
return;
}
} }
这一步,我们先建立服务器端。
记得要引用我们刚才写的类库。
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks; using System.Runtime;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.ServiceModel.Description; namespace WCFServer
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
using (ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof (Service)))
{
WSHttpBinding bingding = new WSHttpBinding(); host.AddServiceEndpoint(typeof (IService), bingding, "http://127.0.0.1:8888/service1"); foreach (var endpoint in host.Description.Endpoints)
{
endpoint.EndpointBehaviors.Add(new MyLib.MyEndPointBehavior());
} ServiceMetadataBehavior behavior = new ServiceMetadataBehavior();
behavior.HttpGetEnabled = true;
behavior.HttpGetUrl = new Uri("http://127.0.0.1:8888/service"); //httpGetUrl客户端引用的地址
host.Description.Behaviors.Add(behavior);
host.Opened += delegate
{
Console.WriteLine("服务已启动");
Console.ReadKey();
};
host.Open();
}
}
} [ServiceContract(Namespace = "MyNamespace")]
public interface IService
{
[OperationContract]
int AddInt(int a, int b);
[OperationContract]
Student GetStudent();
[OperationContract]
CalResultResponse ComputingNumbers(CalcultRequest inMsg);
} [ServiceBehavior(IncludeExceptionDetailInFaults = true)]
public class MyService : IService
{
public int AddInt(int a, int b)
{
return a + b;
} public Student GetStudent()
{
Student stu = new Student();
stu.StudentName = "小明";
stu.StudentAge = ;
return stu;
} public CalResultResponse ComputingNumbers(CalcultRequest inMsg)
{
CalResultResponse rmsg = new CalResultResponse();
switch (inMsg.Operation)
{
case "加":
rmsg.ComputedResult = inMsg.NumberA + inMsg.NumberB;
break;
case "减":
rmsg.ComputedResult = inMsg.NumberA - inMsg.NumberB;
break;
case "乘":
rmsg.ComputedResult = inMsg.NumberA * inMsg.NumberB;
break;
case "除":
rmsg.ComputedResult = inMsg.NumberA / inMsg.NumberB;
break;
default:
throw new ArgumentException("运算操作只允许加、减、乘、除。");
break;
}
return rmsg;
}
} [DataContract]
public class Student
{
[DataMember]
public string StudentName;
[DataMember]
public int StudentAge;
} [MessageContract]
public class CalcultRequest
{
[MessageHeader]
public string Operation;
[MessageBodyMember]
public int NumberA;
[MessageBodyMember]
public int NumberB;
} [MessageContract]
public class CalResultResponse
{
[MessageBodyMember]
public int ComputedResult;
}
}
接下来,实现客户端。
a、引用刚才写的类库MyLib;
b、引用WCF服务。
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace WCFClient
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
WS.ServiceClient client = new WS.ServiceClient();
// 记得在客户端也要插入IEndPointBehavior
client.Endpoint.EndpointBehaviors.Add(new MyLib.MyEndPointBehavior());
try
{
// 1、调用带元数据参数和返回值的操作
Console.WriteLine("\n20和35相加的结果是:{0}", client.AddInt(, ));
// 2、调用带有数据协定的操作
WS.Student student = client.GetStudent();
Console.WriteLine("\n学生信息---------------------------");
Console.WriteLine("姓名:{0}\n年龄:{1}", student.StudentName, student.StudentAge);
// 3、调用带消息协定的操作
Console.WriteLine("\n15乘以70的结果是:{0}", client.ComputingNumbers("乘", , ));
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine("异常:{0}", ex.Message);
} client.Close();
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
}
结果:
知道了如何拦截消息,那么修改消息就不难了。
现在我们把前面写的类库MyLib。
将消息拦截器MyMessageInspector作如下修改:
/// <summary>
/// 消息拦截器
/// </summary>
public class MyMessageInspector:IClientMessageInspector,IDispatchMessageInspector
{
void IClientMessageInspector.AfterReceiveReply(ref Message reply, object correlationState)
{
//Console.WriteLine("客户端接收到的回复:\n{0}", reply.ToString());
return;
} object IClientMessageInspector.BeforeSendRequest(ref Message request, IClientChannel channel)
{
//Console.WriteLine("客户端发送请求前的SOAP消息:\n{0}", request.ToString());
// 插入验证信息
MessageHeader hdUserName = MessageHeader.CreateHeader("u", "fuck", "admin");
MessageHeader hdPassWord = MessageHeader.CreateHeader("p", "fuck", "");
request.Headers.Add(hdUserName);
request.Headers.Add(hdPassWord);
return null;
} object IDispatchMessageInspector.AfterReceiveRequest(ref Message request, IClientChannel channel, InstanceContext instanceContext)
{
//Console.WriteLine("服务器端:接收到的请求:\n{0}", request.ToString());
// 栓查验证信息
string un = request.Headers.GetHeader<string>("u", "fuck");
string ps = request.Headers.GetHeader<string>("p", "fuck");
if (un == "admin" && ps == "abcd")
{
Console.WriteLine("用户名和密码正确。");
}
else
{
throw new Exception("验证失败,滚吧!");
}
return null;
} void IDispatchMessageInspector.BeforeSendReply(ref Message reply, object correlationState)
{
//Console.WriteLine("服务器即将作出以下回复:\n{0}", reply.ToString());
return;
}
}
注意:添加对System.Runtime.Serialization的引用。
创建消息头时,第一个参数是名字,如上面的“u”,第二个参数是命名空间,这个可以自己来定义,比如上面的“fuck”,第三个参数就是消息头的内容。
现在重新生成一下项目,再试试。
前面我们说过,如果安装证书进行身份验证会相当TMD麻烦,而可以通过修改SOAP消息头来验证,但是,上次的做法会有一个麻烦,那就是每次调用操作协定都要手动修改一次,这一次,我们直接在终结点级别进行修改和验证,就省去了许多功夫。