- DNS部署(主从)
安装环境：CentOS 6.8
准备两台主机：192.168.137.13（主DNS）、192.168.137.14（从DNS）
EPEL仓库使用阿里源
rpm -ivh http://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-6.noarch.rpm
192.168.137.13（主DNS）安装
yum install -y bind-utils bind bind-devel bind-chroot
检查
rpm -qa |grep bind
配置named.conf文件
mv /etc/named.conf /etc/named.conf.bak
vim /etc/named.conf
options {
version "1.1.1";
listen-on port 53 {any;};
directory "/var/named/chroot/etc/";
pid-file "/var/named/chroot/var/run/named/named.pid";
allow-query { any; };
Dump-file "/var/named/chroot/var/log/binddump.db";
Statistics-file "/var/named/chroot/var/log/named_stats";
zone-statistics yes;
memstatistics-file "log/mem_stats";
empty-zones-enable no;
forwarders {202.106.196.115;8.8.8.8; };
};
key "rndc-key" {
algorithm hmac-md5;
secret "Eqw4hClGExUWeDkKBX/pBg==";
};
controls {
inet 127.0.0.1 port 953
allow { 127.0.0.1; } keys { "rndc-key"; };
};
logging {
channel warning {
file "/var/named/chroot/var/log/dns_warning" versions 10 size 10m;
severity warning;
print-category yes;
print-severity yes;
print-time yes;
};
channel general_dns {
file "/var/named/chroot/var/log/dns_log" versions 10 size 100m;
severity info;
print-category yes;
print-severity yes;
print-time yes;
};
category default {
warning;
};
category queries {
general_dns;
};
};
include "/var/named/chroot/etc/view.conf";
配置rndc.key文件
vim /etc/rndc.key
key "rndc-key" {
algorithm hmac-md5;
secret "Eqw4hClGExUWeDkKBX/pBg==";
};
配置rndc.conf文件
vim /etc/rndc.conf
key "rndc-key" {
algorithm hmac-md5;
secret "Eqw4hClGExUWeDkKBX/pBg==";
}; options {
default-key "rndc-key";
default-server 127.0.0.1;
default-port 953;
};
配置view.conf文件
vim /var/named/chroot/etc/view.conf
view "View" {
zone "swj.com" {
type master;
file "shhnwangjian.com.zone";
allow-transfer {
192.168.137.14;
};
notify yes;
also-notify {
192.168.137.14;
};
};
};
配置shhnwangjian.com.zone文件
vim /var/named/chroot/etc/shhnwangjian.com.zone
$ORIGIN .
$TTL 3600 ; 1 hour
swj.com IN SOA op.swj.com. dns.swj.com. (
2000 ; serial
900 ; refresh (15 minutes)
600 ; retry (10 minutes)
86400 ; expire (1 day)
3600 ; minimum (1 hour)
)
NS op.swj.com.
$ORIGIN swj.com.
shanks A 1.2.3.4
op A 1.2.3.4
a A 1.2.3.4
1）Serial：只是一个序号，但这个序号可被用来作为slave与master更新的依据。
举例来说，master序号为100但slave序号为90时，那么这个zone file的资料就会被传送到slave来更新了。由于这个序号代表新旧资料，通常我们建议你可以利用日期来设定。例如上面的资料是在2015/10/20所写的第一次，所以用2015102001作为序号代表。（yyyymmddnn，nn代表这一天是第几次修改）
2）Refresh：除了根据Serial来判断新旧之外，我们可以利用这个refresh（更新）命令slave多久进行一次主动更新、
3）Retry：如果到了Refresh的时间，但是slave却无法连接到master时，那么在多久之后，slave会再次的主动尝试与主机连接。
4）Expire：如果slave一直无法与master连接上，那么经过多久的时间之后，则命令slave不要再连接了。也就是说，此时我们假设masterDNS可能遇到重大问题而无法上线，则等待系统管理员处理完毕后，再重新到slaveDNS重启bind。
5）Minimum：这个类似TTL。
修改目录权限，并启动服务
cd /var && chown -R named.named named/
/etc/init.d/named start
chkconfig named on
解析测试
dig @127.0.0.1 a.swj.com
aaarticlea/png;base64,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alt="" />
备注：修改配置文件可以执行rndc reload
192.168.137.14（从DNS）
yum install -y bind-utils bind bind-devel bind-chroot
配置named.conf文件
mv /etc/named.conf /etc/named.conf.bak
vim /etc/named.conf
options {
version "1.1.1";
listen-on port 53 {any;};
directory "/var/named/chroot/etc/";
pid-file "/var/named/chroot/var/run/named/named.pid";
allow-query { any; };
Dump-file "/var/named/chroot/var/log/binddump.db";
Statistics-file "/var/named/chroot/var/log/named_stats";
zone-statistics yes;
memstatistics-file "log/mem_stats";
empty-zones-enable no;
forwarders {202.106.196.115;8.8.8.8; };
};
key "rndc-key" {
algorithm hmac-md5;
secret "Eqw4hClGExUWeDkKBX/pBg==";
};
controls {
inet 127.0.0.1 port 953
allow { 127.0.0.1; } keys { "rndc-key"; };
};
logging {
channel warning {
file "/var/named/chroot/var/log/dns_warning" versions 10 size 10m;
severity warning;
print-category yes;
print-severity yes;
print-time yes;
};
channel general_dns {
file "/var/named/chroot/var/log/dns_log" versions 10 size 100m;
severity info;
print-category yes;
print-severity yes;
print-time yes;
};
category default {
warning;
};
category queries {
general_dns;
};
};
include "/var/named/chroot/etc/view.conf";
配置rndc.key文件
vim /etc/rndc.key
key "rndc-key" {
algorithm hmac-md5;
secret "Eqw4hClGExUWeDkKBX/pBg==";
};
配置rndc.conf文件
vim /etc/rndc.conf
key "rndc-key" {
algorithm hmac-md5;
secret "Eqw4hClGExUWeDkKBX/pBg==";
}; options {
default-key "rndc-key";
default-server 127.0.0.1;
default-port 953;
};
备注：主从DNS主机配置named.conf、rndc.key、rndc.conf文件一样
配置view.conf文件
vim /var/named/chroot/etc/view.conf
view "SlaveView" {
zone "swj.com" {
type slave;
masters {192.168.137.13; };
file "slave.shhnwangjian.com.zone";
};
};
修改目录权限，并启动服务
cd /var && chown -R named.named named/
/etc/init.d/named start
chkconfig named on
添加A、CNAME、MX、PTR记录（主DNS）
A记录
编辑master节点/var/named/chroot/etc/shhnwangjian.com.zone，在文件末尾添加记录
a A 192.168.1.100
将serial + 1
执行rndc reload
检查从DNS主机，slave.shhnwangjian.com.zone文件已同步更新。
CNAME记录
编辑master节点/var/named/chroot/etc/shhnwangjian.com.zone，在文件末尾添加记录
cname CNAME a.swj.com.
将serial + 1
执行rndc reload
检查从DNS主机，slave.shhnwangjian.com.zone文件已同步更新。
测试 host a.swj.com 127.0.0.1
MX记录
编辑master节点/var/named/chroot/etc/shhnwangjian.com.zone，在文件末尾添加记录
mx MX 5 192.168.1.101
将serial + 1
执行rndc reload
检查从DNS主机，slave.shhnwangjian.com.zone文件已同步更新。
测试 host mx.swj.com 127.0.0.1
PTR记录（反向解析）
编辑master节点/var/named/chroot/etc/view.conf，加入ptr的zone配置
zone "168.192.in-addr.arpa" {
type master;
file "168.192.zone";
allow-transfer{
192.168.137.14;
};
notify yes;
also-notify{
192.168.137.14;
};
};
编辑master节点/var/named/chroot/etc/168.192.zone
$TTL 3600 ; 1 hour
@ IN SOA op.swj.com. dns.swj.com. (
2003 ; serial
900 ; refresh (15 minutes)
600 ; retry (10 minutes)
86400 ; expire (1 day)
3600 ; minimum (1 hour)
)
NS op.swj.com.
100.1 IN PTR a.swj.com.
修改168.192.zone文件属主
chown named.named 168.192.zone
rndc reload
编辑slave节点/var/named/chroot/etc/view.conf，加入ptr的zone配置
zone "168.192.in-addr.arpa" {
type slave;
masters {192.168.137.13; };
file "slave.168.192.zone";
};
执行rndc reload
slava节点/var/named/chroot/etc目录下生成slave.168.192.zone文件。
解析测试: host 192.168.1.100 127.0.0.1
DNS实现服务的负载均衡
编辑master节点/var/named/chroot/etc/shhnwangjian.com.zone，在文件末尾添加记录
a A 192.168.1.102
将serial + 1
执行rndc reload
master和slave执行解析：nslookup a.swj.com 127.0.0.1，结果如下（轮询）
- 配置DNS视图（智能DNS）
编辑master节点/var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf，在include上面添加（对客户端IP分组）
acl group1 {
192.168.137.13;
};
acl group2 {
192.168.137.14;
};
编辑master节点/var/named/chroot/etc/view.conf
view "GROUP1" {
match-clients { group1; };
zone "viewswj.com" {
type master;
file "group1.viewswj.com.zone";
};
};
view "GROUP2" {
match-clients { group2; };
zone "viewswj.com" {
type master;
file "group2.viewswj.com.zone";
};
};
编辑master节点/var/named/chroot/etc/group1.viewswj.com.zone
$ORIGIN .
$TTL 3600 ; 1 hour
viewswj.com IN SOA op.viewswj.com. dns.viewswj.com. (
2000 ; serial
900 ; refresh (15 minutes)
600 ; retry (10 minutes)
86400 ; expire (1 day)
3600 ; minimum (1 hour)
)
NS op.viewswj.com.
$ORIGIN viewswj.com.
view A 192.168.122.1
op A 192.168.122.1
编辑master节点/var/named/chroot/etc/group2.viewswj.com.zone
$ORIGIN .
$TTL 3600 ; 1 hour
viewswj.com IN SOA op.viewswj.com. dns.viewswj.com. (
2000 ; serial
900 ; refresh (15 minutes)
600 ; retry (10 minutes)
86400 ; expire (1 day)
3600 ; minimum (1 hour)
)
NS op.viewswj.com.
$ORIGIN viewswj.com.
view A 192.168.122.2
op A 192.168.122.2
修改文件属主，加载配置
chown named.named /var/named/chroot/etc/group*.zone
rndc reload
测试，在192.168.137.13主机上执行host view.viewswj.com 192.168.137.13
在192.168.137.14主机上执行host view.viewswj.com 192.168.137.13
