前言
网上有很多关于strtod()函数的文章,不过大部分都是用strtod()函数转换一个字符
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char *str = "111.11" ;
char *target;
double ret;
ret = strtod (str, &target);
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很少有转换字符串的这样的用法
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char *p = "111.11 -2.22 Nan nan(2) inF 0X1.BC70A3D70A3D7P+6 1.18973e+4932zzz" ;
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本文主要参考strtod()函数, 只是对其中的代码示例进行解释,当然我理解示例代码时遇到了一点问题,在*提问了以下,结果Barmar大神直接把代码解释了一遍,很佩服这位大神,*版链接
代码分析
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main( void )
{
// parsing with error handling
const char *p = "111.11 -2.22 Nan nan(2) inF 0X1.BC70A3D70A3D7P+6 1.18973e+4932zzz" ;
printf ( "Parsing '%s':\n" , p);
char *end;
for ( double f = strtod (p, &end); p != end; f = strtod (p, &end))
{
printf ( "'%.*s' -> " , ( int )(end-p), p);
p = end;
if ( errno == ERANGE){
printf ( "range error, got " );
errno = 0;
}
printf ( "%f\n" , f);
}
// parsing without error handling
printf ( "\" -0.0000000123junk\" --> %g\n" , strtod ( " -0.0000000123junk" , NULL));
printf ( "\"junk\" --> %g\n" , strtod ( "junk" , NULL));
}
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问题 1:
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p = end //这条语句是干什么用的?
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strtod()函数的参数:
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double strtod ( const char *str, char **str_end );
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str s t r 指向字符串的指针
end_str e n d _ s t r 指向指针的指针
在未调用strtod()函数前,打印字符串指针p以及end的地址
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printf ( "%p\n" , p);
printf ( "%p\n" , end);
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运行结果
0000000000408000 000000000000002D
接下来在执行循环时,打印p和end的地址
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for (f = strtod (p, &end); p != end; f = strtod (p, &end))
{
printf ( "p addr = %p\n" , p);
printf ( "end addr = %p\n" , end);
printf ( "'%.*s' -> " , ( int )(end-p), p);
p = end;
if ( errno == ERANGE){
printf ( "range error, got " );
errno = 0;
}
//printf("%f\n", f);
}
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输出
p addr = 0000000000408000
end addr = 0000000000408006
'111.11' -> 111.110000
p addr = 0000000000408006
end addr = 000000000040800C
' -2.22' -> -2.220000
p addr = 000000000040800C
end addr = 0000000000408010
' Nan' -> 1.#QNAN0
p addr = 0000000000408010
end addr = 0000000000408017
' nan(2)' -> 1.#SNAN0
p addr = 0000000000408017
end addr = 000000000040801B
' inF' -> 1.#INF00
p addr = 000000000040801B
end addr = 0000000000408030
' 0X1.BC70A3D70A3D7P+6' -> 111.110000
p addr = 0000000000408030
可以发现end指针总会指向当前字符串中某一个字符的下一个字符,p指针会指向当前字符串中某一个字符
因此p = end这条语句实现了对字符串中的所有字符进行strtod()操作,而当for (f = strtod(p, &end); p != end; f = strtod(p, &end))语句中的p = end时,也即是没有字符需要进行strtod()操作了,就可以退出循环
问题2:
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printf ( "'%.*s' -> " , ( int )(end-p), p);
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打印出的为什么是一系列字符,如:
'111.11' ' -2.22' ' Nan' ' nan(2)' ' inF' ' 0X1.BC70A3D70A3D7P+6' ' 1.18973e+4932'
(int)(end - p)计算长度, %.*s中的*代表长度,也即是从当前字符串中选取多少个字符进行打印
示例代码:
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#include<stdio.h>
int main ()
{
char *p = "Hello World!" ;
printf ( "length = 2 str = %.2s\n" , p);
printf ( "length = 3 str = %.3s\n" , p);
}
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输出
length = 2 str = He
length = 3 str = Hel
到此这篇关于C语言strtod()函数案例详解的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关C语言strtod()函数内容请搜索服务器之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持服务器之家!
原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/eye_water/article/details/80627349