主动信息收集

被动信息收集可能不准确，可以用主动信息收集验证

特点：直接与目标系统交互通信，无法避免留下访问痕迹

解决方法：1、使用受控的第三方电脑进行探测，使用代理（做好被封杀的准备）

2、伪造大量的来源IP进行探测，进行噪声迷惑，淹没真是的探测流量

扫描流程：发送不同的探测，根据返回结果判断目标状态【IP层->端口层->服务层】

发现

识别活着的主机，发现潜在的被攻击目标，输出结果为IP地址列表。

二层发现

数据电路层，使用ARP协议

使用场景：已经取得一台主机，进入内网，对内网进行渗透

优点：扫描速度快，可靠

缺点：不可路由，只能扫同网段

掌握更多工具，以适应不同环境

1、arping

root@kali:~# arping 192.168.1.1 -c 1           #-c 指定发包数量

ARPING 192.168.1.1

60 bytes from 1c:bd:b9:27:d5:32 (192.168.1.1): index=0 time=16.324 msec

root@kali:~# arping 192.168.1.1 -d             #发现重复响应，可发现ARP欺骗（若发现不同的mac地址）

ARPING 192.168.1.1

60 bytes from 1c:bd:b9:27:d5:32 (192.168.1.1): index=0 time=3.071 msec

60 bytes from 1c:bd:b9:27:d5:32 (192.168.1.1): index=1 time=2.312 msec

60 bytes from 1c:bd:b9:27:d5:32 (192.168.1.1): index=2 time=3.019 msec

--- 192.168.1.1 statistics ---

3 packets transmitted, 3 packets received,   0% unanswered (0 extra)

rtt min/avg/max/std-dev = 2.312/2.801/3.071/0.346 ms<span style="font-weight: bold;">

</span>

通过grep筛选

root@kali:~# arping -c 1 192.168.1.1 | grep "bytes from" | cut -d" " -f 5 | cut -d "(" -f 2 | cut -d")" -f 1

192.168.1.1

root@kali:~# arping -c 1 192.168.1.1 | grep "bytes from"

60 bytes from 1c:bd:b9:27:d5:32 (192.168.1.1): index=0 time=12.441 msec<span style="font-weight: bold;">

</span>

shell脚本

#!/bin/bash

if [ "$#" -ne 1 ];then       #-ne 1 参数不等于为1

  echo "Usage - ./arping.sh [interface]"

  echo "Excample - ./arping.sh eth0"

  echo "Example will perform an ARP scan of the local subnet to which eth0 is assigned"

  exit

fi

interface=$1             #输入的一个值，，赋值给interface变量

prefix=$(ifconfig $interface | grep "inet " | cut -d 't' -f 2 | cut -d '.' -f 1-3)                <pre name="code" class="plain">               #取IP地址的前缀，如：192.168.1

               #grep "inet "这行； -d 't' 以t为分隔符  -f 选择其第2个字段

arping扫描一个IP范围

for addr in $(seq 1 254);do arping -c 1 $prefix.$addr | grep "bytes from" | cut -d" " -f 5 | cut -d "(" -f 2 | cut -d")" -f 1 >>add.txt

                                              #>>输出到一个文本文件

done

从文本文件中读取IP地址进行扫描

#!/bin/bash

if [ "$#" -ne 1 ];then

  echo "Usage - ./arping.sh [interface]"

  echo "Excample - ./arping.sh file"

  echo "Example will perform an ARP scan of the local subnet to which eth0 is assigned"

  exit

fi

file=$1

for addr in $(cat $file);do

   arping -c 1 $addr | grep "bytes from" | cut -d" " -f 5 | cut -d "(" -f 2 | cut -d")" -f 1

done

nmap

做二层发现 #速度快而准，内容相对丰富，可以做IP段扫描，不用写脚本

root@kali:~# nmap -sn 192.168.1.0/24     <strong>#-sn 不做端口扫描，不仅仅发arp包，还会做ptr记录解析（反向域名解析）</strong>

Starting Nmap 7.01 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2016-09-10 12:40 CST

Nmap scan report for DD-WRT (192.168.1.1)

Host is up (0.0024s latency).

MAC Address: 1C:BD:B9:27:D5:32 (D-Link International)          #mac厂家

Nmap scan report for HUAWEIG750-T01-HWG75 (192.168.1.105)

Host is up (0.083s latency).

MAC Address: 9C:C1:72:13:6A:61 (Huawei Technologies)

Nmap scan report for DESKTOP-TA5DCRJ (192.168.1.141)

Host is up (0.00069s latency).

MAC Address: 2C:6E:85:C4:0D:5B (Intel Corporate)

Nmap scan report for kali (192.168.1.143)

Host is up (0.00053s latency).

MAC Address: 08:00:27:CA:63:99 (Oracle VirtualBox virtual NIC)

Nmap scan report for Meizu-MX4-Pro (192.168.1.146)

Host is up (0.24s latency).

MAC Address: 38:BC:1A:E8:85:ED (Meizu technology)

Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.127

Host is up.

Nmap done: 256 IP addresses (6 hosts up) scanned in 4.06 seconds

指定文件扫描 #-iL

root@kali:~# nmap -iL arp.txt -sn

Starting Nmap 7.01 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2016-09-10 12:44 CST

Nmap scan report for DD-WRT (192.168.1.1)

Host is up (0.011s latency).

MAC Address: 1C:BD:B9:27:D5:32 (D-Link International)

Nmap scan report for DESKTOP-TA5DCRJ (192.168.1.141)

Host is up (0.00028s latency).

MAC Address: 2C:6E:85:C4:0D:5B (Intel Corporate)

Nmap scan report for kali (192.168.1.143)

Host is up (0.00042s latency).

MAC Address: 08:00:27:CA:63:99 (Oracle VirtualBox virtual NIC)

Nmap scan report for Meizu-MX4-Pro (192.168.1.146)

Host is up (0.079s latency).

MAC Address: 38:BC:1A:E8:85:ED (Meizu technology)

Nmap scan report for DD-WRT (192.168.1.1)

Host is up (0.0036s latency).

MAC Address: 1C:BD:B9:27:D5:32 (D-Link International)

Nmap scan report for DESKTOP-TA5DCRJ (192.168.1.141)

Host is up (0.00022s latency).

MAC Address: 2C:6E:85:C4:0D:5B (Intel Corporate)

Nmap scan report for kali (192.168.1.143)

Host is up (0.00024s latency).

MAC Address: 08:00:27:CA:63:99 (Oracle VirtualBox virtual NIC)

Nmap done: 8 IP addresses (7 hosts up) scanned in 0.44 seconds

Netdiscover

专门用于二层发现的arp侦查工具，既可做主动扫描，也可以做被动式扫描。既可用于无线，也可做有线扫描。

主动式

netdiscover -i eth0 -r 1.1.1.0/24 #-i指定网卡

netdiscover -l iplist.txt #指定文件

被动式

避免被发现，不主动发arp包，原理：使用混杂模式，收取非本网卡IP/MAC的数据包，基于广播，默默等待并记录。准确程度与主动无差，响应速度慢些（但网络中，主机发arp包的次数比较常见，时间不会太久）

netdiscover -p #使用被动模式

Scapy #极为强大

网友官方中文文档点击打开链接

Scapy 是一个强大的操纵报文的交互程序。它可以伪造或者解析多种协议的报文，还具有发送、捕获、匹配请求和响应这些报文以及更多的功能。Scapy 可以轻松地做到像扫描(scanning)、路由跟踪(tracerouting)、探测(probing)、单元测试(unit tests)、攻击(attacks)和发现网络(network discorvery)这样的传统任务。它可以代替hping,arpspoof,arp-sk,arping,p0f 甚至是部分的Namp,tcpdump和tshark 的功能。

优点：发送无效帧、添加自定义的802.11的侦、多技术的结合(跳跃攻击(VLAN hopping)+ARP缓存中毒(ARP cache poisoning)、在WEP加密信道(WEP encrypted channel)上的VOIP解码(VOIP decoding))等

若有缺失apt-get install python-gnuplot

root@kali:~# scapy

WARNING: No route found for IPv6 destination :: (no default route?)

Welcome to Scapy (2.3.2)

>>> ARP().display()                 <strong>    #函数名称必须大写，display（）显示函数内容，调用ARP（），定制ARP包</strong>

###[ ARP ]###

  hwtype= 0x1             #硬件类型

  ptype= 0x800             #协议类型

  hwlen= 6                 #硬件地址长度

  plen= 4                   #协议长度

  op= who-has                  #操作码

  hwsrc= 08:00:27:92:17:df          #源mac

  psrc= 192.168.1.127             #源IP地址

  hwdst= 00:00:00:00:00:00         #目标mac

  pdst= 0.0.0.0                   #目标IP

定制ARP包 #scapy发包，默认收不到回包，会一直等待，所以需加上timeout

>>> arp=ARP()                    #定义arp包

>>> arp.pdst="192.168.1.1"        #指定目标ip

>>> arp.display()

###[ ARP ]###

  hwtype= 0x1

  ptype= 0x800

  hwlen= 6

  plen= 4

  op= who-has

  hwsrc= 08:00:27:92:17:df

  psrc= 192.168.1.127

  hwdst= 00:00:00:00:00:00

  pdst= 192.168.1.1

>>> sr1(arp)

Begin emission:

*Finished to send 1 packets.

Received 1 packets, got 1 answers, remaining 0 packets

<ARP  hwtype=0x1 ptype=0x800 hwlen=6 plen=4 op=is-at hwsrc=1c:bd:b9:27:d5:32 psrc=192.168.1.1 hwdst=08:00:27:92:17:df pdst=192.168.1.127 |<Padding  load='\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00' |>>

>>> answer=sr1(arp)           #定义一个变量answer

Begin emission:

*Finished to send 1 packets.

Received 1 packets, got 1 answers, remaining 0 packets

>>> answer.display()

###[ ARP ]###

  hwtype= 0x1

  ptype= 0x800

  hwlen= 6

  plen= 4

  op= is-at

  hwsrc= 1c:bd:b9:27:d5:32

  psrc= 192.168.1.1

  hwdst= 08:00:27:92:17:df

  pdst= 192.168.1.127

###[ Padding ]###                #数据包不足位，补码

     load= '\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00'

python脚本【shell脚本速度比scapy脚本略快，nmap最快】#默认发两个arp包，提高准确性

#!/usr/bin/python

import logging                    #导入库

import subprocess

logging.getLogger("scapy.runtime").setLevel(logging.ERROR)

from scapy.all import*              #导入scapy所有库                           

if len( sys.argv ) !=2:                               #命令参数不等于2

   print "Usage - ./arp_discpy [interface]"

   print "Example - ./arp_disc.py eth0"

   print "Example will perform an ARP scan of thr local subnet to which eth0 is assigned"

   sys.exit()

interface = str(sys.argv[1])

ip=subprocess.check_output("ifconfig "+interface+" | grep 'inet ' | cut -d 't' -f 2 |cut -d ' ' -f 2",shell=True).strip()

prefix = ip.split(".")[0] + '.' + ip.split(".")[1] + '.' + ip.split(".")[2] + '.'

for addr in range(0,254):

   answer=sr1(ARP(pdst=prefix+str(addr)),timeout=0.1,verbose=0)       #构造ARP包

   if answer ==None:

     pass;

   else:

     print prefix+str(addr)

指定文件扫描

#!/usr/bin/python

import logging

import subprocess

logging.getLogger("scapy.runtime").setLevel(logging.ERROR)

from scapy.all import*

if len( sys.argv ) !=2:

   print "Usage - ./arp_discpy [interface]"

   print "Example - ./arp_disc.py eth0"

   print "Example will perform an ARP scan of thr local subnet to which eth0 is assigned"

   sys.exit()

filename = str(sys.argv[1])

file = open(filename,"r")

for addr in file:

   answer=sr1(ARP(pdst=addr.strip()),timeout=0.1,verbose=0)

   if answer == None:

     pass

   else:

     print addr.strip()

小白日记，未完待续……

秒客网

小白日记7：kali渗透测试之主动信息收集-发现（一）--二层发现：arping/shell脚本，Netdiscover，scapy

主动信息收集

发现

arping扫描一个IP范围

nmap

Scapy #极为强大

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