ORACLE学习-5.子查询

时间:2021-10-01 21:31:59

1、子查询简介

1.1 子查询语法:

SELECT	select_list
FROM	table
WHERE	expr operator
		 	(SELECT	select_list
		        FROM		table);

1.2 注意:

a.子查询要包含在括号内;

b.将子查询放在比较条件的右侧;

c.单行操作对应单行子查询,多行操作对应多行子查询;

 

2、单行子查询

单行子查询只返回一行,单行比较操作符有:

单行子查询操作符
操作符 含义
= 等于
> 大于
>= 大于等于
< 小于
<= 小于等于
<> 不等于

例如:

返回job_id与141号员工相同,salary比143号员工多的员工姓名,job_id 和工资

SELECT last_name, job_id, salary
FROM   employees
WHERE  job_id =  
                (SELECT job_id
                 FROM   employees
                 WHERE  employee_id = 141)
AND    salary >
                (SELECT salary
                 FROM   employees
                 WHERE  employee_id = 143);

2.1 在子查询中使用子函数

例如:返回公司工资最少的员工的last_name,job_id和salary

SELECT last_name, job_id, salary
FROM   employees
WHERE  salary = 
                (SELECT MIN(salary)
                 FROM   employees);
#多行子查询使用单行比较符
SELECT employee_id, last_name
FROM   employees
WHERE  salary =
                (SELECT   MIN(salary)
                 FROM     employees
                 GROUP BY department_id);

ERROR at line 4:
ORA-01427: single-row subquery returns more thanone row

子查询中的空值问题:

SELECT last_name, job_id
FROM   employees
WHERE  job_id =
                (SELECT job_id
                 FROM   employees
                 WHERE  last_name = 'Haas');

3.多行子查询

多行子查询返回多行,应该使用多行比较操作符

操作符 含义
in 等于列表中的任意一个
any 和子查询返回的某一个值比较
all 和子查询返回的所有值比较

3.1在子查询中使用any操作符

--返回其它部门中比job_id为‘IT_PROG’部门任一工资低的员工的员工号、姓名、job_id 以及salary

SELECT employee_id, last_name, job_id, salary
FROM   employees
WHERE  salary < ANY
                    (SELECT salary
                     FROM   employees
                     WHERE  job_id = 'IT_PROG')
AND    job_id <> 'IT_PROG';

 

3.2在子查询中使用all操作符

--返回其它部门中比job_id为‘IT_PROG’部门所有工资都低的员工的员工号、姓名、job_id 以及salary
SELECT employee_id, last_name, job_id, salary
FROM   employees
WHERE  salary < ALL
                    (SELECT salary
                     FROM   employees
                     WHERE  job_id = 'IT_PROG')
AND    job_id <> 'IT_PROG';

 

3.3子查询中的控制问题

SELECT emp.last_name
FROM   employees emp
WHERE  emp.employee_id NOT IN
                             (SELECT mgr.manager_id
                              FROM   employees mgr);

--no rows selected

 

 参考资料:尚硅谷数据库学习