--创建学生表
create table students ( id int unsigned not null auto_increment primary key, name varchar(20) default ‘‘, age tinyint unsigned default 0, high decimal(5,2), gender enum(‘男‘, ‘女‘, ‘中性‘, ‘保密‘) default ‘保密‘, cls_id int unsigned default 0, is_delete bit default 0 );
--往students表里插入数据
insert into students values (0,‘小明‘,18,180.00,1,1,0), (0,‘小月月‘,19,180.00,1,2,0), (0,‘彭于晏‘,28,185.00,1,1,0), (0,‘刘德华‘,58,175.00,1,2,0), (0,‘黄蓉‘,108,160.00,2,1,0), (0,‘凤姐‘,44,150.00,4,2,1), (0,‘王祖贤‘,52,170.00,2,1,1), (0,‘周杰伦儿‘,34,null,1,1,0), (0,‘程坤‘,44,181.00,1,2,0), (0,‘和珅‘,55,166.00,1,2,0), (0,‘刘亦菲‘,29,162.00,2,3,0), (0,‘金星‘,45,180.00,3,4,0), (0,‘静香‘,18,170.00,2,4,0), (0,‘郭靖‘,22,167.00,1,5,0), (0,‘周杰‘,33,178.00,1,1,0), (0,‘钱小豪‘,56,178.00,1,1,0), (0,‘谢霆锋‘,38,175.00,1,1,0), (0,‘陈冠希‘,38,175.00,1,1,0);
简单查询:
-- 查询所有列
--select * from 表名
select * from students;
--一定条件查询(where)
select * from where id=5;
-- 查询制定列
select id_name from students;
-- 使用as给字段起别名
select id_name as ‘别名(alias)‘ select name as ‘姓名‘, age as ‘年龄‘, high, gender from students;
-- 通过表名字段查询
select 库名/表字段/* from students;
select * from students; select students.* from students; eg: mysql > select test.students.* from test.students;
-- 给表起别名查询
select s.id,s.name,s.age from students as s;
--消除重复行
-- distinct
select distinct age from students;
条件查询
--比较运算符
-- 查询年纪大于18岁的信息
select * from students where age > 18;
--18岁到28岁之间(and)
select * from students where age >= 18 and age =< 28; select * from students where age >= 18 || age =< 28;(有时会报错) select * from students where age between 18 and 28
--在18岁以上或者身高180以上的人(or)
select * from students where age > 18 or high > 180;
-- 查询年纪等于18岁和年纪等于28的人
select * from students where age=18 or age=28;
模糊查询:
-- like
% 替代1个或者多个甚至是没有
-- 查询姓名中有‘小’的所有名字
select * from students where name like ‘%小%‘;
-- 查询两个字人的名字
select * from students where name like ‘_ _‘;(_代表一个字符)
-- 查询至少有2个字的名字
select * from students where name like ‘%_ _%‘;
范围查询
-- in (1,3,8)表示在一个非连续的范围内
-- 查询 年纪为18和34的人
select * from students where age in (18, 34); select * from students where age=18 or age=34;
-- 查询 年纪不包含18和34的人(取反)
select * from students where age not in (18, 34);
--查询 年龄在17岁到34岁之间的信息
select * from students where age between 17 and 34;
--查询 年纪不在18到34岁的信息
select * from students where age not between 17 and 34;
空判断
-- 判断is null
-- 查询身高为空的信息
select * from students where high is null;
-- 判断非空is not null
select * from students where high is not null;
排序
-- order by 字段(eg:name、age、id)
-- asc 从小到大排列,即升序(不写默认为asc)
-- desc 从大到小排序,即降序
-- 查询年纪在18到34岁之间的男性,按照年纪从小到大
select * from students where gender=1 and age between 18 and 34 order by age;
-- 查询年纪在18到34岁之间的女性,身高从高到矮
select * from students where gender=2 and age between 18 and 34 order by high desc;
-- order by 多字段
-- 查询年纪在18到34岁的女性,身高从高到矮排序,如果身高相同的情况下按照年纪从小到大排序
select * from students where age between 18 and 34 and gender=2 order by high desc;
-- 按照年纪、身高排序(如果年纪相同的情况下按照身高从小到大排序)
select * from students where order by age,high asc;
-- 查询年纪在18到34岁的男性,身高从高到矮排序,如果身高相同的情况下按照年纪从小到大排序,
如果年龄也相等那么按照id从小到大排序;
select * from students where age between 18 and 34 and gender=1 order by high desc, age, id desc;
聚合函数
-- 总数
-- count
-- 查询有多少人
select count(name/age/high) from students;
(统计当前字段,如果要统计的数据为null(空),会出现统计错误,所以一般用*)
-- 查询有多少人(并且显示中文)
select count(*) as ‘总人数‘ from students;
-- 查询男性有多少人
select count(*) from students where gender=1;
-- 最大值max
-- 查询最大的年纪
select max(age) from students;
-- 查询女性的最高 身高
select max(high) from students where gender=2;
-- 最小值min
-- 查询最高的人
select min(high) from students;
-- 求和sum
-- 计算所有人的年龄总和
select sum(age) from students;
-- 平均值avg
-- 计算平均年纪
-- 计算平均年纪 sum(age)/count(*)
select sum(age)/count(*) from students; select avg(age) from students;
-- 保留2位小数
select round(avg(age),2) from students;
分组(分组的优先级最高,一条语句中先分组)
-- group by
-- 按照性别分组,查询所有的性别
select gender from students group by gender;
-- 计算每组性别的人数
select gender,count(*) from students group by gender;
--group_concat(函数,和group by配合使用)
-- 查询性别组中的男女平均年龄及姓名
select gender,group_concat(name),avg(age) from students group by gender;
-- having
-- 查询每个性别平均年纪超过30岁的性别,以及姓名 having avg(age) > 30
select gender, group_concat(name) from students group by gender having avg(age) > 30;
-- 查询每种性别中的人数多于4个的组的信息
select gender,group_concat(name) from students group by gender having count(*)>4;
分页
-- 显示5页
select * from students limit 5;
-- 查询年纪最大的人名(先按照年纪排序,再分页)
select * from students order by age desc limit 1;
-- 分页显示,每页显示2条数据
select * from students limit 0,2;
-- 按照身高从高到矮排序,查找出所有女性,并且分页显示,每页显示2条数据
select * from students where gender=2 order by high desc limit 0,2;