题目:
一个环形单链表,从头结点开始向后,指针每移动一个结点,就计数加1,当数到第m个节点时,就把该结点删除,然后继续从下一个节点开始从1计数,循环往复,直到环形单链表中只剩下了一个结点,返回该结点。
这个问题就是著名的约瑟夫问题。
代码:
首先给出环形单链表的数据结构:
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class Node( object ):
def __init__( self , value, next = 0 ):
self .value = value
self . next = next # 指针
class RingLinkedList( object ):
# 链表的数据结构
def __init__( self ):
self .head = 0 # 头部
def __getitem__( self , key):
if self .is_empty():
print 'Linked list is empty.'
return
elif key < 0 or key > self .get_length():
print 'The given key is wrong.'
return
else :
return self .get_elem(key)
def __setitem__( self , key, value):
if self .is_empty():
print 'Linked list is empty.'
return
elif key < 0 or key > self .get_length():
print 'The given key is wrong.'
return
else :
return self .set_elem(key, value)
def init_list( self , data): # 按列表给出 data
self .head = Node(data[ 0 ])
p = self .head # 指针指向头结点
for i in data[ 1 :]:
p. next = Node(i) # 确定指针指向下一个结点
p = p. next # 指针滑动向下一个位置
p. next = self .head
def get_length( self ):
p, length = self .head, 0
while p ! = 0 :
length + = 1
p = p. next
if p = = self .head:
break
return length
def is_empty( self ):
if self .head = = 0 :
return True
else :
return False
def insert_node( self , index, value):
length = self .get_length()
if index < 0 or index > length:
print 'Can not insert node into the linked list.'
elif index = = 0 :
temp = self .head
self .head = Node(value, temp)
p = self .head
for _ in xrange ( 0 , length):
p = p. next
print "p.value" , p.value
p. next = self .head
elif index = = length:
elem = self .get_elem(length - 1 )
elem. next = Node(value)
elem. next . next = self .head
else :
p, post = self .head, self .head
for i in xrange (index):
post = p
p = p. next
temp = p
post. next = Node(value, temp)
def delete_node( self , index):
if index < 0 or index > self .get_length() - 1 :
print "Wrong index number to delete any node."
elif self .is_empty():
print "No node can be deleted."
elif index = = 0 :
tail = self .get_elem( self .get_length() - 1 )
temp = self .head
self .head = temp. next
tail. next = self .head
elif index = = self .get_length() - 1 :
p = self .head
for i in xrange ( self .get_length() - 2 ):
p = p. next
p. next = self .head
else :
p = self .head
for i in xrange (index - 1 ):
p = p. next
p. next = p. next . next
def show_linked_list( self ): # 打印链表中的所有元素
if self .is_empty():
print 'This is an empty linked list.'
else :
p, container = self .head, []
for _ in xrange ( self .get_length() - 1 ): #
container.append(p.value)
p = p. next
container.append(p.value)
print container
def clear_linked_list( self ): # 将链表置空
p = self .head
for _ in xrange ( 0 , self .get_length() - 1 ):
post = p
p = p. next
del post
self .head = 0
def get_elem( self , index):
if self .is_empty():
print "The linked list is empty. Can not get element."
elif index < 0 or index > self .get_length() - 1 :
print "Wrong index number to get any element."
else :
p = self .head
for _ in xrange (index):
p = p. next
return p
def set_elem( self , index, value):
if self .is_empty():
print "The linked list is empty. Can not set element."
elif index < 0 or index > self .get_length() - 1 :
print "Wrong index number to set element."
else :
p = self .head
for _ in xrange (index):
p = p. next
p.value = value
def get_index( self , value):
p = self .head
for i in xrange ( self .get_length()):
if p.value = = value:
return i
else :
p = p. next
return - 1
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然后给出约瑟夫算法:
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def josephus_kill_1(head, m):
'''
环形单链表,使用 RingLinkedList 数据结构,约瑟夫问题。
:param head:给定一个环形单链表的头结点,和第m个节点被杀死
:return:返回最终剩下的那个结点
本方法比较笨拙,就是按照规定的路子进行寻找,时间复杂度为o(m*len(ringlinkedlist))
'''
if head = = 0 :
print "This is an empty ring linked list."
return head
if m < 2 :
print "Wrong m number to play this game."
return head
p = head
while p. next ! = p:
for _ in xrange ( 0 , m - 1 ):
post = p
p = p. next
#print post.next.value
post. next = post. next . next
p = post. next
return p
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分析:
我采用了最原始的方法来解决这个问题,时间复杂度为o(m*len(ringlinkedlist))。
但是实际上,如果确定了链表的长度以及要删除的步长,那么最终剩余的结点一定是固定的,所以这就是一个固定的函数,我们只需要根剧M和N确定索引就可以了,这个函数涉及到了数论,具体我就不细写了。
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原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/dongrixinyu/article/details/78717547