为了给你的对像添加一个行级功能,那就定义一个自定义方法。 有鉴于manager经常被用来用一些整表操作(table-wide),模型方法应该只对特殊模型实例起作用。
这是一项在模型的一个地方集中业务逻辑的技术。
最好用例子来解释一下。 这个模型有一些自定义方法:
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from django.contrib.localflavor.us.models import USStateField
from django.db import models
class Person(models.Model):
first_name = models.CharField(max_length = 50 )
last_name = models.CharField(max_length = 50 )
birth_date = models.DateField()
address = models.CharField(max_length = 100 )
city = models.CharField(max_length = 50 )
state = USStateField() # Yes, this is U.S.-centric...
def baby_boomer_status( self ):
"Returns the person's baby-boomer status."
import datetime
if datetime.date( 1945 , 8 , 1 ) < = self .birth_date < = datetime.date( 1964 , 12 , 31 ):
return "Baby boomer"
if self .birth_date < datetime.date( 1945 , 8 , 1 ):
return "Pre-boomer"
return "Post-boomer"
def is_midwestern( self ):
"Returns True if this person is from the Midwest."
return self .state in ( 'IL' , 'WI' , 'MI' , 'IN' , 'OH' , 'IA' , 'MO' )
def _get_full_name( self ):
"Returns the person's full name."
return u '%s %s' % ( self .first_name, self .last_name)
full_name = property (_get_full_name)
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例子中的最后一个方法是一个property。 想了解更多关于属性的信息请访问http://www.python.org/download/releases/2.2/descrintro/#property
这是用法的实例:
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>>> p = Person.objects.get(first_name = 'Barack' , last_name = 'Obama' )
>>> p.birth_date
datetime.date( 1961 , 8 , 4 )
>>> p.baby_boomer_status()
'Baby boomer'
>>> p.is_midwestern()
True
>>> p.full_name # Note this isn't a method -- it's treated as an attribute
u 'Barack Obama'
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