简介
什么是Selenium?
Selenium是ThoughtWorks公司的一个强大的开源Web功能测试工具系列,采用Javascript来管理整个测试过程,包括读入测试套件、执行测试和记录测试结果。它采用Javascript单元测试工具JSUnit为核心,模拟真实用户操作,包括浏览页面、点击链接、输入文字、提交表单、触发鼠标事件等等,并且能够对页面结果进行种种验证。也就是说,只要在测试用例中把预期的用户行为与结果都描述出来,我们就得到了一个可以自动化运行的功能测试套件。(Selenium的核心是Javascript写的,他和浏览器进行通信,把测试用例的信息发送给浏览器执行,从而达到自动化测试的目的。)
使用说明
程序运行开始,需要输入出发地,目的地,出发时间,乘客信息,车次;乘客信息和车次可以输入多个
刚刚开始学习爬虫,selenium仅仅是解放了双手,运行效率不是很高;
程序运行时会打开chrome浏览器,因为使用的是chrome的浏览器驱动;
相关文档
https://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/installation.html#introduction
代码示例
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# encoding: utf-8
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
import time
class Qiangpiao( object ):
def __init__( self ):
driver_path = "E:\py_pachong\chromedriver.exe"
# 浏览器驱动
self .drive = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path = driver_path)
# 登陆链接
self .login_url = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/login/init"
# 登陆后的链接
self .initmy_url = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/index/initMy12306"
# 查询页面
self .search_url = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/init"
# 乘车人页面
self .passenger_url = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/initDc"
def wait_input( self ):
"""
主要用于页面审核;
当输入出发地,目的地,乘车时间后,会自动出发查询submit
:return:
"""
self .from_station = input ( "出发地:" )
self .to_station = input ( "目的地:" )
self .depart_time = input ( "出发时间:" )
self .passengers = input ( "乘客姓名:" ).split( "," )
self .trains = input ( "车次:" ).split( "," )
def _login( self ):
"""
登陆验证,登陆成功后会跳转到 self.initmy_url
:return:
"""
self .drive.get( self .login_url)
WebDriverWait( self .drive, 1000 ).until(
EC.url_to_be( self .initmy_url)
)
print ( '登录成功' )
def _order_ticket( self ):
"""
只实现了在无票的情况下去刷票
最关键的是等待验证 WebDriverWait
:return:
"""
self .drive.get( self .search_url)
WebDriverWait( self .drive, 1000 ).until(
EC.text_to_be_present_in_element_value((By. ID , "fromStationText" ), self .from_station)
)
WebDriverWait( self .drive, 1000 ).until(
EC.text_to_be_present_in_element_value((By. ID , "toStationText" ), self .to_station)
)
WebDriverWait( self .drive, 1000 ).until(
EC.text_to_be_present_in_element_value((By. ID , "train_date" ), self .depart_time)
)
WebDriverWait( self .drive, 10000 ).until(
EC.element_to_be_clickable((By. ID , "query_ticket" ))
)
searchBtn = self .drive.find_element_by_id( "query_ticket" )
searchBtn.click()
WebDriverWait( self .drive, 1000 ).until(
EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, ".//tbody[@id='queryLeftTable']/tr" ))
)
# find_elements_by_xpath 返回的是一个列表
# find_element_by_xpath 返回的是一个元素
tr_list = self .drive.find_elements_by_xpath( ".//tbody[@id='queryLeftTable']/tr[not(@datatran)]" )
for tr in tr_list:
train_num = tr.find_element_by_class_name( "number" ).text
# print(train_num)
if train_num in self .trains:
left_ticket_td = tr.find_element_by_xpath( ".//td[4]" ).text
num = 1
while left_ticket_td = = "无" :
print ( "暂时无票,正在刷新" )
time.sleep( 2 )
searchBtn.click()
num + = 1
if left_ticket_td ! = "无" :
print (train_num + "有票" )
oderBtn = tr.find_element_by_xpath( ".//td[13]/a" )
oderBtn.click()
WebDriverWait( self .drive, 1000 ).until(
EC.url_to_be( self .passenger_url)
)
WebDriverWait( self .drive, 1000 ).until(
EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, ".//ul[@id='normal_passenger_id']/li" ))
)
passenger_labels = self .drive.find_elements_by_xpath(
".//ul[@id='normal_passenger_id']/li/label" )
for passenger_label in passenger_labels:
name = passenger_label.text
if name in self .passengers:
passenger_label.click()
submitBtn = self .drive.find_element_by_id( "submitOrder_id" )
submitBtn.click()
WebDriverWait( self .drive, 1000 ).until(
EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME, "dhtmlx_wins_body_outer" ))
)
WebDriverWait( self .drive, 1000 ).until(
EC.presence_of_element_located((By. ID , "qr_submit_id" ))
)
qr_submit = self .drive.find_element_by_id( "qr_submit_id" )
qr_submit.click()
def run( self ):
self .wait_input()
self ._login()
self ._order_ticket()
if __name__ = = '__main__' :
spider = Qiangpiao()
spider.run()
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总结
以上所述是小编给大家介绍的python+selenium实现自动抢票功能实例代码,希望对大家有所帮助,如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言,小编会及时回复大家的。在此也非常感谢大家对服务器之家网站的支持!
原文链接:http://www.cnblogs.com/mumengyun/p/10001109.html