python+selenium实现自动抢票功能实例代码

时间:2022-01-27 20:02:18

简介

什么是Selenium?

Selenium是ThoughtWorks公司的一个强大的开源Web功能测试工具系列,采用Javascript来管理整个测试过程,包括读入测试套件、执行测试和记录测试结果。它采用Javascript单元测试工具JSUnit为核心,模拟真实用户操作,包括浏览页面、点击链接、输入文字、提交表单、触发鼠标事件等等,并且能够对页面结果进行种种验证。也就是说,只要在测试用例中把预期的用户行为与结果都描述出来,我们就得到了一个可以自动化运行的功能测试套件。(Selenium的核心是Javascript写的,他和浏览器进行通信,把测试用例的信息发送给浏览器执行,从而达到自动化测试的目的。)

使用说明

程序运行开始,需要输入出发地,目的地,出发时间,乘客信息,车次;乘客信息和车次可以输入多个
刚刚开始学习爬虫,selenium仅仅是解放了双手,运行效率不是很高;
程序运行时会打开chrome浏览器,因为使用的是chrome的浏览器驱动;

相关文档

https://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/installation.html#introduction

代码示例

 
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# encoding: utf-8
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
import time
class Qiangpiao(object):
  def __init__(self):
    driver_path = "E:\py_pachong\chromedriver.exe"
    # 浏览器驱动
    self.drive = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=driver_path)
    # 登陆链接
    self.login_url = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/login/init"
    # 登陆后的链接
    self.initmy_url = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/index/initMy12306"
    # 查询页面
    self.search_url = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/init"
    # 乘车人页面
    self.passenger_url = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/initDc"
  def wait_input(self):
    """
    主要用于页面审核;
    当输入出发地,目的地,乘车时间后,会自动出发查询submit
    :return:
    """
    self.from_station = input("出发地:")
    self.to_station = input("目的地:")
    self.depart_time = input("出发时间:")
    self.passengers = input("乘客姓名:").split(",")
    self.trains = input("车次:").split(",")
  def _login(self):
    """
    登陆验证,登陆成功后会跳转到 self.initmy_url
    :return:
    """
    self.drive.get(self.login_url)
    WebDriverWait(self.drive, 1000).until(
      EC.url_to_be(self.initmy_url)
    )
    print('登录成功')
  def _order_ticket(self):
    """
    只实现了在无票的情况下去刷票
    最关键的是等待验证 WebDriverWait
    :return:
    """
    self.drive.get(self.search_url)
    WebDriverWait(self.drive, 1000).until(
      EC.text_to_be_present_in_element_value((By.ID, "fromStationText"), self.from_station)
    )
    WebDriverWait(self.drive, 1000).until(
      EC.text_to_be_present_in_element_value((By.ID, "toStationText"), self.to_station)
    )
    WebDriverWait(self.drive, 1000).until(
      EC.text_to_be_present_in_element_value((By.ID, "train_date"), self.depart_time)
    )
    WebDriverWait(self.drive, 10000).until(
      EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, "query_ticket"))
    )
    searchBtn = self.drive.find_element_by_id("query_ticket")
    searchBtn.click()
    WebDriverWait(self.drive, 1000).until(
      EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, ".//tbody[@id='queryLeftTable']/tr"))
    )
    # find_elements_by_xpath 返回的是一个列表
    # find_element_by_xpath 返回的是一个元素
    tr_list = self.drive.find_elements_by_xpath(".//tbody[@id='queryLeftTable']/tr[not(@datatran)]")
    for tr in tr_list:
      train_num = tr.find_element_by_class_name("number").text
      # print(train_num)
      if train_num in self.trains:
        left_ticket_td = tr.find_element_by_xpath(".//td[4]").text
        num = 1
        while left_ticket_td == "无":
          print("暂时无票,正在刷新")
          time.sleep(2)
          searchBtn.click()
          num += 1
          print("抢票%s次" % num)
          if left_ticket_td != "无":
            print(train_num + "有票")
            oderBtn = tr.find_element_by_xpath(".//td[13]/a")
            oderBtn.click()
            WebDriverWait(self.drive, 1000).until(
              EC.url_to_be(self.passenger_url)
            )
            WebDriverWait(self.drive, 1000).until(
              EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, ".//ul[@id='normal_passenger_id']/li"))
            )
            passenger_labels = self.drive.find_elements_by_xpath(
              ".//ul[@id='normal_passenger_id']/li/label")
            for passenger_label in passenger_labels:
              name = passenger_label.text
              if name in self.passengers:
                passenger_label.click()
            submitBtn = self.drive.find_element_by_id("submitOrder_id")
            submitBtn.click()
            WebDriverWait(self.drive, 1000).until(
              EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME, "dhtmlx_wins_body_outer"))
            )
            WebDriverWait(self.drive, 1000).until(
              EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, "qr_submit_id"))
            )
            qr_submit = self.drive.find_element_by_id("qr_submit_id")
            qr_submit.click()
  def run(self):
    self.wait_input()
    self._login()
    self._order_ticket()
if __name__ == '__main__':
  spider = Qiangpiao()
  spider.run()

总结

以上所述是小编给大家介绍的python+selenium实现自动抢票功能实例代码,希望对大家有所帮助,如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言,小编会及时回复大家的。在此也非常感谢大家对服务器之家网站的支持!

原文链接:http://www.cnblogs.com/mumengyun/p/10001109.html