在用户注册中最常见的安全验证之一就是邮箱验证。根据行业的一般做法,进行邮箱验证是避免潜在的安全隐患一种非常重要的做法,现在就让我们来讨论一下这些最佳实践,来看看如何在PHP中创建一个邮箱验证。
让我们先从一个注册表单开始:
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< form method = "post" action = "http://mydomain.com/registration/" >
< fieldset class = "form-group" >
< label for = "fname" >First Name:</ label >
< input type = "text" name = "fname" class = "form-control" required />
</ fieldset >
< fieldset class = "form-group" >
< label for = "lname" >Last Name:</ label >
< input type = "text" name = "lname" class = "form-control" required />
</ fieldset >
< fieldset class = "form-group" >
< label for = "email" >Last name:</ label >
< input type = "email" name = "email" class = "form-control" required />
</ fieldset >
< fieldset class = "form-group" >
< label for = "password" >Password:</ label >
< input type = "password" name = "password" class = "form-control" required />
</ fieldset >
< fieldset class = "form-group" >
< label for = "cpassword" >Confirm Password:</ label >
< input type = "password" name = "cpassword" class = "form-control" required />
</ fieldset >
< fieldset >
< button type = "submit" class = "btn" >Register</ button >
</ fieldset >
</ form >
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接下来是数据库的表结构:
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CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS ` user ` (
`id` INT (10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY ,
`fname` VARCHAR (255) ,
`lname` VARCHAR (255) ,
`email` VARCHAR (50) ,
` password ` VARCHAR (50) ,
`is_active` INT (1) DEFAULT '0' ,
`verify_token` VARCHAR (255) ,
`created_at` TIMESTAMP ,
`updated_at` TIMESTAMP ,
);
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一旦这个表单被提交了,我们就需要验证用户的输入并且创建一个新用户:
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// Validation rules
$rules = array (
'fname' => 'required|max:255' ,
'lname' => 'required|max:255' ,
'email' => 'required' ,
'password' => 'required|min:6|max:20' ,
'cpassword' => 'same:password'
);
$validator = Validator::make(Input::all(), $rules );
// If input not valid, go back to registration page
if ( $validator ->fails()) {
return Redirect::to( 'registration' )->with( 'error' , $validator ->messages()->first())->withInput();
}
$user = new User();
$user ->fname = Input::get( 'fname' );
$user ->lname = Input::get( 'lname' );
$user ->password = Input::get( 'password' );
// You will generate the verification code here and save it to the database
// Save user to the database
if (! $user ->save()) {
// If unable to write to database for any reason, show the error
return Redirect::to( 'registration' )->with( 'error' , 'Unable to write to database at this time. Please try again later.' )->withInput();
}
// User is created and saved to database
// Verification e-mail will be sent here
// Go back to registration page and show the success message
return Redirect::to( 'registration' )->with( 'success' , 'You have successfully created an account. The verification link has been sent to e-mail address you have provided. Please click on that link to activate your account.' );
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注册之后,用户的账户仍然是无效的直到用户的邮箱被验证。此功能确认用户是输入电子邮件地址的所有者,并有助于防止垃圾邮件以及未经授权的电子邮件使用和信息泄露。
整个流程是非常简单的——当一个新用户被创建时,在注册过过程中,一封包含验证链接的邮件便会被发送到用户填写的邮箱地址中。在用户点击邮箱验证链接和确认邮箱地址之前,用户是不能进行登录和使用网站应用的。
关于验证的链接有几件事情是需要注意的。验证的链接需要包含一个随机生成的token,这个token应该足够长并且只在一段时间段内是有效的,这样做的方法是为了防止网络攻击。同时,邮箱验证中也需要包含用户的唯一标识,这样就可以避免那些攻击多用户的潜在危险。
现在让我们来看看在实践中如何生成一个验证链接:
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// We will generate a random 32 alphanumeric string
// It is almost impossible to brute-force this key space
$code = str_random(32);
$user ->confirmation_code = $code ;
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一旦这个验证被创建就把他存储到数据库中,发送给用户:
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Mail::send( 'emails.email-confirmation' , array ( 'code' => $code , 'id' => $user ->id), function ( $message )
{
$message ->from( 'my@domain.com' , 'Mydomain.com' )->to( $user ->email, $user ->fname . ' ' . $user ->lname)->subject( 'Mydomain.com: E-mail confirmation' );
});
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邮箱验证的内容:
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<!DOCTYPE html>
< html lang = "en-US" >
< head >
< meta charset = "utf-8" />
</ head >
< body >
< p style = "margin:0" >
Please confirm your e-mail address by clicking the following link:
< a href="http://mydomain.com/verify?code=<?php echo $code; ?>&user=<? php echo $id; ?>"></ a >
</ p >
</ body >
</ html >
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现在让我们来验证一下它是否可行:
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$user = User::where( 'id' , '=' , Input::get( 'user' ))
->where( 'is_active' , '=' , 0)
->where( 'verify_token' , '=' , Input::get( 'code' ))
->where( 'created_at' , '>=' , time() - (86400 * 2))
->first();
if ( $user ) {
$user ->verify_token = null;
$user ->is_active = 1;
if (! $user ->save()) {
// If unable to write to database for any reason, show the error
return Redirect::to( 'verify' )->with( 'error' , 'Unable to connect to database at this time. Please try again later.' );
}
// Show the success message
return Redirect::to( 'verify' )->with( 'success' , 'You account is now active. Thank you.' );
}
// Code not valid, show error message
return Redirect::to( 'verify' )->with( 'error' , 'Verification code not valid.' );
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结论:
上面展示的代码只是一个教程示例,并且没有通过足够的测试。在你的web应用中使用的时候请先测试一下。上面的代码是在Laravel框架中完成的,但是你可以很轻松的把它迁移到其他的PHP框架中。同时,验证链接的有效时间为48小时,之后就过期。引入一个工作队列就可以很好的及时处理那些已经过期的验证链接。
本文实PHPChina原创翻译,原文转载于http://www.phpchina.com/portal.php?mod=view&aid=39888,小编认为这篇文章很具有学习的价值,分享给大家,希望对大家的学习有所帮助。