一直以来,笔者都在不停寻找一种更人性化的数据库访问方式(并不是说默认的方式不好,而是有时候的确在模块化设计中不太方便)。
后来有幸在php中找到codeigniter的ActiveReord,详细参考这篇文章: 抽离CodeIgniter的数据库访问类!
然而c++却始终用着最原始的方式,昨天趁着项目要用的机会,在网上搜索了好久,总算让我找到两套c++的数据库访问框架:
两套代码我都拿下来看了一下,litesql实现了一套完整的代码自动生成,功能强大,但是也很重;soci相对要轻量,但是同样也实现了数据结构到数据库表的映射。本人还是比较喜欢轻量的东西,所以最终选择了soci。经过这两天的试用,感觉非常不错。
官方的文档也很详细,所以这里就用我写的单元测试代码来做一下简单的讲解:
首先创建库表:
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create database soci;
CREATE TABLE `tb_test` (
`id` int (11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
` name ` varchar (32) default "" ,
`sex` int (11) default 0,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
UNIQUE KEY ` name ` (` name `)
);
create database soci;
CREATE TABLE `tb_test` (
`id` int (11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
` name ` varchar (32) default "" ,
`sex` int (11) default 0,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
UNIQUE KEY ` name ` (` name `)
);
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1.简单的select单条记录
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TEST(soci,select_one)
{
try
{
session sql(mysql, "host=localhost db=soci user=dantezhu" );
indicator ind;
string name = "dandan" ;
int sex;
sql << "select sex from tb_test where name = :name" ,
into (sex, ind), use( name );
ASSERT_EQ(ind, i_ok) << name ;
}
catch (exception const &e)
{
FAIL()<<e.what();
}
}
TEST(soci,select_one)
{
try
{
session sql(mysql, "host=localhost db=soci user=dantezhu" );
indicator ind;
string name = "dandan" ;
int sex;
sql << "select sex from tb_test where name = :name" ,
into (sex, ind), use( name );
ASSERT_EQ(ind, i_ok) << name ;
}
catch (exception const &e)
{
FAIL()<<e.what();
}
}
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select的结果,如果成功则ind会为i_ok,同值sex被赋值;如果失败则反之
2.简单的select多条记录
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TEST(soci,select_multi2)
{
try
{
session sql(mysql, "db=soci user=dantezhu" );
indicator ind;
int count ;
sql << "select count(*) from tb_test" , into ( count , ind);
ASSERT_EQ(ind, i_ok) << count ;
if ( count == 0)
{
SUCCEED();
return ;
}
int sex = 1;
vector<string> vec_name( count );
vector< int > vec_sex( count );
sql << "select name,sex from tb_test where sex = :sex" ,
into (vec_name), into (vec_sex), use(sex);
}
catch (exception const &e)
{
FAIL()<<e.what();
}
}
TEST(soci,select_multi2)
{
try
{
session sql(mysql, "db=soci user=dantezhu" );
indicator ind;
int count ;
sql << "select count(*) from tb_test" , into ( count , ind);
ASSERT_EQ(ind, i_ok) << count ;
if ( count == 0)
{
SUCCEED();
return ;
}
int sex = 1;
vector<string> vec_name( count );
vector< int > vec_sex( count );
sql << "select name,sex from tb_test where sex = :sex" ,
into (vec_name), into (vec_sex), use(sex);
}
catch (exception const &e)
{
FAIL()<<e.what();
}
}
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与select单条记录唯一的区别即,into()的参数是一个vector。其实用多个vector这种方式并不是一个很好的选择,后面会介绍基于数据结构的方式。
3.简单的insert
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TEST(soci,insert_exist)
{
try
{
session sql(mysql, "db=soci user=dantezhu" );
string name = "dandan" ;
int sex = 1;
sql << "insert into tb_test(name, sex) values(:name, :sex)" ,
use( name ), use(sex);
}
catch (exception const &e)
{
SUCCEED()<<e.what();
}
}
TEST(soci,insert_exist)
{
try
{
session sql(mysql, "db=soci user=dantezhu" );
string name = "dandan" ;
int sex = 1;
sql << "insert into tb_test(name, sex) values(:name, :sex)" ,
use( name ), use(sex);
}
catch (exception const &e)
{
SUCCEED()<<e.what();
}
}
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insert,update,delete都有两个同样的问题:
a)affect_rows(操作的行数)没有办法返回
b)操作的id无法知道,尤其对于insert的主键是自增的情况下,无法知道插入的主键的值是多少。
update和delete都与insert相似,这里就不再多说。
接下来是这个框架的很重要的一个特性,即数据库表与数据结构绑定:
首先我们需要定义一个结构体,并告知soci怎么让列名和数据结构的字段对应起来:
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struct Person
{
int id;
std::string name ;
int sex;
};
namespace soci
{
template<> struct type_conversion<Person>
{
typedef values base_type;
static void from_base( values const & v, indicator /* ind */, Person & p)
{
p.id = v.get< int >( "id" );
p. name = v.get<std::string>( "name" );
p.sex = v.get< int >( "sex" );
}
static void to_base(const Person & p, values & v, indicator & ind)
{
v. set ( "id" , p.id);
v. set ( "name" , p. name );
v. set ( "sex" , p.sex);
ind = i_ok;
}
};
}
struct Person
{
int id;
std::string name ;
int sex;
};
namespace soci
{
template<> struct type_conversion<Person>
{
typedef values base_type;
static void from_base( values const & v, indicator /* ind */, Person & p)
{
p.id = v.get< int >( "id" );
p. name = v.get<std::string>( "name" );
p.sex = v.get< int >( "sex" );
}
static void to_base(const Person & p, values & v, indicator & ind)
{
v. set ( "id" , p.id);
v. set ( "name" , p. name );
v. set ( "sex" , p.sex);
ind = i_ok;
}
};
}
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关于
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template<> struct type_conversion<Person>
template<> struct type_conversion<Person>
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这里,官方的文档是是有误的,我查了好长时间,按照上面的写法来写即可。
1.用数据结构来select
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TEST(soci,select_obj_one)
{
try
{
session sql(mysql, "db=soci user=dantezhu" );
indicator ind;
int count ;
sql << "select count(*) from tb_test" , into ( count , ind);
ASSERT_EQ(ind, i_ok) << count ;
string name = "dandan" ;
Person p;
sql << "select id,name,sex from tb_test where name = :name" ,
into (p, ind), use( name );
ASSERT_EQ(ind, i_ok) << name ;
if (sql.got_data())
{
cout<< p.id
<< ","
<< p. name
<< ","
<< p.sex
<< endl;
}
}
catch (exception const &e)
{
FAIL()<<e.what();
}
}
TEST(soci,select_obj_one)
{
try
{
session sql(mysql, "db=soci user=dantezhu" );
indicator ind;
int count ;
sql << "select count(*) from tb_test" , into ( count , ind);
ASSERT_EQ(ind, i_ok) << count ;
string name = "dandan" ;
Person p;
sql << "select id,name,sex from tb_test where name = :name" ,
into (p, ind), use( name );
ASSERT_EQ(ind, i_ok) << name ;
if (sql.got_data())
{
cout<< p.id
<< ","
<< p. name
<< ","
<< p.sex
<< endl;
}
}
catch (exception const &e)
{
FAIL()<<e.what();
}
}
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2.用数据结构来进行insert
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TEST(soci,insert_obj_noexist)
{
try
{
session sql(mysql, "db=soci user=dantezhu" );
Person p = {
0,
"niuniu" ,
2
};
sql << "insert into tb_test(name, sex) values(:name, :sex)" ,
use(p);
}
catch (exception const &e)
{
FAIL()<<e.what();
}
}
TEST(soci,insert_obj_noexist)
{
try
{
session sql(mysql, "db=soci user=dantezhu" );
Person p = {
0,
"niuniu" ,
2
};
sql << "insert into tb_test(name, sex) values(:name, :sex)" ,
use(p);
}
catch (exception const &e)
{
FAIL()<<e.what();
}
}
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整个就是这样~~下面是文中代码文件的下载路径:
http://code.google.com/p/vimercode/source/browse/#svn%2Ftrunk%2Fsoci_test
另外,虽然python下的mysql访问也算比较简单,但还是想知道是否有更Pythonic的库或接口,如果有朋友知道,欢迎不吝告知。