译者按: 通过真实的代码示例感受Async/Await的力量。
为了保证可读性,本文采用意译而非直译。另外,本文版权归原作者所有,翻译仅用于学习。
既然Node.js 8已经LTS了,我想大家是时候试一试Async/Await特性了,真的很好用!它可以帮助我们用同步的方式写异步代码,极大地提高了代码的可读性。在过去的2年时间里,Promise给我们带来了不少便利,同时也让我们有一些失望。
这边博客,我将介绍一个真实的代码示例,它是一个REST API的controller。通过展示我们如何从Promise切换到async/await,你讲能够体会到Async/Await的神奇之处!
Promise示例
下面是我的工作项目中真实的Controller代码:
const BPromise = require('bluebird');
const { WrongCredentialsError, DBConnectionError, EmailError } = require('./../errors');
/** * Emulate an Express.js route call as an example */ loginController({}, { json: response => console.log(response) }, null)
function loginController (req, res, err) { const { email, password } = req;
let user;
BPromise.try(() => validateUserInput(req)) .then(() => fetchUserByEmail(email)) .then(fetchedUser => user = fetchedUser) .then(() => comparePasswords(req.password, user.password)) .then(() => markLoggedInTimestamp(user.userId)) .then(() => sendEmail(user.userId)) .then(() => generateJWT(user)) .then(token => res.json({ success: true, token })) .catch(WrongCredentialsError, () => res.json({ success: false, error: 'Invalid email and/or password' })) .catch(EmailError, DBConnectionError, () => res.json({ success: false, error: 'Unexpected error, please try again' })) .catch(() => res.json({ success: false })) }
/** * Validate input from Request * * @param {Object} input * @throws {WrongCredentialsError} * @returns {Void} */ function validateUserInput(input) { if (!input.email || !input.password) { throw new WrongCredentialsError(); } }
/** * Fetch a User from the DB by Email * * @throws WrongCredentialsError * @throws DBConnectionError * @returns {BPromise} */ function fetchUserByEmail(email) { const user = { userId: 'DUMMY_ID', email: 'konmpar@gmail.com', password: 'DUMMY_PASSWORD_HASH' } return new BPromise(resolve => resolve(user)); }
/** * Compare two password * * @param {String} inputPwd * @param {String} storedPwd * @throws {WrongCredentialsError} * @returns {Void} */ function comparePasswords(inputPwd, storedPwd) { if (hashPassword(inputPwd) !== storedPwd) { throw new WrongCredentialsError(); } }
/** * Hash password * * @param {String} password * @returns {String} */ function hashPassword(password) { return password; }
/** * Mark a user's logged in timestamp * * @param {String} userId * @throws DBConnectionError * @returns {BPromise} */ function markLoggedInTimestamp(userId) { return new BPromise(resolve => resolve()); }
/** * Send a follow up email * * @param {String} userId * @throws EmailError * @returns {BPromise} */ function sendEmail(userId) { return new BPromise(resolve => resolve()); }
/** * Generate a JWT token to send to the client * * @param {Object} user * @returns {BPromise<String>} */ function generateJWT(user) { const token = 'DUMMY_JWT_TOKEN';
return new BPromise(resolve => resolve(token)); }
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一些值得注意的要点:
多余的外层变量
let user;
/* ... */ .then(fetchedUser => user = fetchedUser) /* ... */ .then(() => sendEmail(user.userId)) /* ... */
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可知,user是一个全局变量,因为我需要在Promise链中使用它。如果不希望定义多余的外层变量,则需要在Promise链中的每一个函数中都返回user变量,这样做显然更加糟糕。
烦人的Promise链
/* ... */ BPromise.try(() => validateUserInput(req)) /* ... */
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一个Promise链必须从Promise开始,但是validateUserInput函数并没有返回Promise,这时需要使用Bluebird。我也知道这样写比较奇怪…
讨厌的Bluebird
我在很多地方都使用了Bluebird,如果不用它的话,代码会更加臃肿。所谓DRY,即Don’t repeat yourself,我们可以使用Bluebird去尽量简化代码。但是,Bluebird是一个第三方依赖,如果出问题了怎么办?去掉Bluebird应该更好!
JavaScript太灵(gui)活(yi)了,出了BUG你也不知道,不妨接入Fundebug线上实时监控。
Async/Await示例
当我放弃Promise,使用Async/Await之后,代码是这样的:
const { WrongCredentialsError, DBConnectionError, EmailError } = require('./../errors');
/** * Emulate an Express.js route call as an example */ loginController({}, { json: response => console.log(response) }, null)
/** * * @param {Object} req * @param {Object} res * @param {Object} err * @returns {Void} */ async function loginController(req, res, err) { const { email, password } = req.email;
try { if (!email || !password) { throw new WrongCredentialsError(); }
const user = await fetchUserByEmail(email);
if (user.password !== hashPassword(req.password)) { throw new WrongCredentialsError(); }
await markLoggedInTimestamp(user.userId); await sendEmail(user.userId);
const token = await generateJWT(user);
res.json({ success: true, token });
} catch (err) { if (err instanceof WrongCredentialsError) { res.json({ success: false, error: 'Invalid email and/or password' }) } else if (err instanceof DBConnectionError || err instanceof EmailError) { res.json({ success: false, error: 'Unexpected error, please try again' }); } else { res.json({ success: false }) } } }
/** * Fetch a User from the DB by Email * * @throws WrongCredentialsError * @throws DBConnectionError * @returns {Promise} */ function fetchUserByEmail(email) { const user = { userId: 'DUMMY_ID', email: 'konmpar@gmail.com', password: 'DUMMY_PASSWORD_HASH' } return new Promise(resolve => resolve(user)); }
/** * Hash password * * @param {String} password * @returns {String} */ function hashPassword(password) { return password; }
/** * Mark a user's logged in timestamp * * @param {String} userId * @throws DBConnectionError * @returns {Promise} */ function markLoggedInTimestamp(userId) { return new Promise(resolve => resolve()); }
/** * Send a follow up email * * @param {String} userId * @throws EmailError * @returns {Promise} */ function sendEmail(userId) { return new Promise(resolve => resolve()); }
/** * Generate a JWT token to send to the client * * @param {Object} user * @returns {Promise<String>} */ function generateJWT(user) { const token = 'DUMMY_JWT_TOKEN';
return new Promise(resolve => resolve(token)); }
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哈哈!!!
没有外层变量
现在,所有函数都在同一个作用域中调用,不再需要.then函数。因此,我们不再需要定义多余的全局变量,也不需要做多余的变量赋值。
没有多余的函数
Promise示例中的同步函数validateInput和comparePasswords的代码可以与异步函数写在一起,因此可以不再需要定义单独的函数,代码更少。
可读性更高
异步代码采用同步方式来写,同时减少了代码量,可读性大大提高。
不再需要Bluebird
原生的Promise可以替代Bluebird,且不再需要Bluebird的try方法了。
结论
作为程序员,我们应该努力完善代码。Async/Await可以带来很大好处,帮助我们写出可读性更高的代码。如果你坚持使用Promise,不妨看看如何在Promise链*享变量?。
如果你对Async/Await感兴趣的话,可以看看这些博客:
版权声明:
转载时请注明作者Fundebug以及本文地址:
https://blog.fundebug.com/2018/01/31/a-real-async-await-example/