一个真实的Async/Await示例

时间:2022-11-24 09:59:08

译者按: 通过真实的代码示例感受Async/Await的力量。

为了保证可读性,本文采用意译而非直译。另外,本文版权归原作者所有,翻译仅用于学习。

既然Node.js 8已经LTS了,我想大家是时候试一试Async/Await特性了,真的很好用!它可以帮助我们用同步的方式写异步代码,极大地提高了代码的可读性。在过去的2年时间里,Promise给我们带来了不少便利,同时也让我们有一些失望。

这边博客,我将介绍一个真实的代码示例,它是一个REST API的controller。通过展示我们如何从Promise切换到async/await,你讲能够体会到Async/Await的神奇之处!

Promise示例

下面是我的工作项目中真实的Controller代码:

const BPromise = require('bluebird');

const { WrongCredentialsError, DBConnectionError, EmailError } = require('./../errors');

/**
* Emulate an Express.js route call as an example
*/
loginController({}, { json: response => console.log(response) }, null) function loginController (req, res, err) {
const { email, password } = req; let user; BPromise.try(() => validateUserInput(req))
.then(() => fetchUserByEmail(email))
.then(fetchedUser => user = fetchedUser)
.then(() => comparePasswords(req.password, user.password))
.then(() => markLoggedInTimestamp(user.userId))
.then(() => sendEmail(user.userId))
.then(() => generateJWT(user))
.then(token => res.json({ success: true, token }))
.catch(WrongCredentialsError, () => res.json({ success: false, error: 'Invalid email and/or password' }))
.catch(EmailError, DBConnectionError, () => res.json({ success: false, error: 'Unexpected error, please try again' }))
.catch(() => res.json({ success: false }))
} /**
* Validate input from Request
*
* @param {Object} input
* @throws {WrongCredentialsError}
* @returns {Void}
*/
function validateUserInput(input) {
if (!input.email || !input.password) {
throw new WrongCredentialsError();
}
} /**
* Fetch a User from the DB by Email
*
* @throws WrongCredentialsError
* @throws DBConnectionError
* @returns {BPromise}
*/
function fetchUserByEmail(email) {
const user = {
userId: 'DUMMY_ID',
email: 'konmpar@gmail.com',
password: 'DUMMY_PASSWORD_HASH'
}
return new BPromise(resolve => resolve(user));
} /**
* Compare two password
*
* @param {String} inputPwd
* @param {String} storedPwd
* @throws {WrongCredentialsError}
* @returns {Void}
*/
function comparePasswords(inputPwd, storedPwd) {
if (hashPassword(inputPwd) !== storedPwd) {
throw new WrongCredentialsError();
}
} /**
* Hash password
*
* @param {String} password
* @returns {String}
*/
function hashPassword(password) {
return password;
} /**
* Mark a user's logged in timestamp
*
* @param {String} userId
* @throws DBConnectionError
* @returns {BPromise}
*/
function markLoggedInTimestamp(userId) {
return new BPromise(resolve => resolve());
} /**
* Send a follow up email
*
* @param {String} userId
* @throws EmailError
* @returns {BPromise}
*/
function sendEmail(userId) {
return new BPromise(resolve => resolve());
} /**
* Generate a JWT token to send to the client
*
* @param {Object} user
* @returns {BPromise<String>}
*/
function generateJWT(user) {
const token = 'DUMMY_JWT_TOKEN'; return new BPromise(resolve => resolve(token));
}

一些值得注意的要点:

多余的外层变量

let user;

/* ... */
.then(fetchedUser => user = fetchedUser)
/* ... */
.then(() => sendEmail(user.userId))
/* ... */

可知,user是一个全局变量,因为我需要在Promise链中使用它。如果不希望定义多余的外层变量,则需要在Promise链中的每一个函数中都返回user变量,这样做显然更加糟糕。

烦人的Promise链

/* ... */
BPromise.try(() => validateUserInput(req))
/* ... */

一个Promise链必须从Promise开始,但是validateUserInput函数并没有返回Promise,这时需要使用Bluebird。我也知道这样写比较奇怪…

讨厌的Bluebird

我在很多地方都使用了Bluebird,如果不用它的话,代码会更加臃肿。所谓DRY,即Don’t repeat yourself,我们可以使用Bluebird去尽量简化代码。但是,Bluebird是一个第三方依赖,如果出问题了怎么办?去掉Bluebird应该更好!

JavaScript太灵(gui)活(yi)了,出了BUG你也不知道,不妨接入Fundebug线上实时监控

Async/Await示例

当我放弃Promise,使用Async/Await之后,代码是这样的:

const { WrongCredentialsError, DBConnectionError, EmailError } = require('./../errors');

/**
* Emulate an Express.js route call as an example
*/
loginController({}, { json: response => console.log(response) }, null) /**
*
* @param {Object} req
* @param {Object} res
* @param {Object} err
* @returns {Void}
*/
async function loginController(req, res, err) {
const { email, password } = req.email; try {
if (!email || !password) {
throw new WrongCredentialsError();
} const user = await fetchUserByEmail(email); if (user.password !== hashPassword(req.password)) {
throw new WrongCredentialsError();
} await markLoggedInTimestamp(user.userId);
await sendEmail(user.userId); const token = await generateJWT(user); res.json({ success: true, token }); } catch (err) {
if (err instanceof WrongCredentialsError) {
res.json({ success: false, error: 'Invalid email and/or password' })
} else if (err instanceof DBConnectionError || err instanceof EmailError) {
res.json({ success: false, error: 'Unexpected error, please try again' });
} else {
res.json({ success: false })
}
}
} /**
* Fetch a User from the DB by Email
*
* @throws WrongCredentialsError
* @throws DBConnectionError
* @returns {Promise}
*/
function fetchUserByEmail(email) {
const user = {
userId: 'DUMMY_ID',
email: 'konmpar@gmail.com',
password: 'DUMMY_PASSWORD_HASH'
}
return new Promise(resolve => resolve(user));
} /**
* Hash password
*
* @param {String} password
* @returns {String}
*/
function hashPassword(password) {
return password;
} /**
* Mark a user's logged in timestamp
*
* @param {String} userId
* @throws DBConnectionError
* @returns {Promise}
*/
function markLoggedInTimestamp(userId) {
return new Promise(resolve => resolve());
} /**
* Send a follow up email
*
* @param {String} userId
* @throws EmailError
* @returns {Promise}
*/
function sendEmail(userId) {
return new Promise(resolve => resolve());
} /**
* Generate a JWT token to send to the client
*
* @param {Object} user
* @returns {Promise<String>}
*/
function generateJWT(user) {
const token = 'DUMMY_JWT_TOKEN'; return new Promise(resolve => resolve(token));
}

哈哈!!!

没有外层变量

现在,所有函数都在同一个作用域中调用,不再需要.then函数。因此,我们不再需要定义多余的全局变量,也不需要做多余的变量赋值。

没有多余的函数

Promise示例中的同步函数validateInputcomparePasswords的代码可以与异步函数写在一起,因此可以不再需要定义单独的函数,代码更少。

可读性更高

异步代码采用同步方式来写,同时减少了代码量,可读性大大提高。

不再需要Bluebird

原生的Promise可以替代Bluebird,且不再需要Bluebird的try方法了。

结论

作为程序员,我们应该努力完善代码。Async/Await可以带来很大好处,帮助我们写出可读性更高的代码。如果你坚持使用Promise,不妨看看如何在Promise链*享变量?

如果你对Async/Await感兴趣的话,可以看看这些博客:

一个真实的Async/Await示例
版权声明:
转载时请注明作者Fundebug以及本文地址:
https://blog.fundebug.com/2018/01/31/a-real-async-await-example/