本文为大家介绍了servlet转发、servlet包含,供大家参考,具体内容如下
1.什么是servlet转发?
servlet将用户的请求通过一组servlet来处理,每个servlet都有自己特定的职责,当该servlet完成自己的工作后将请求转发到下一个servlet来处理,这种通过不同servelet相互转发请求来完成对某个请求的处理过程就叫做servlet转发。
2.什么是servlet包含?
servlet包含就是源servlet将其他web组件(servlet,html,jsp),生成的结果包含到自己的结果中。
3.为什么需要servlet转发和包含?
servlet对象是由Servlet容器创建,Servlet对象的Service()方法是由servlet容器调用,servlet之间是不允许相互调用(servlet API 2.1以前版本可以)。但是我们又需要通过多个servlet组件协调完成任务,同时方便代码维护管理,提高开发效率。这样就可以需要servlet转发和包含的技术支持。
4、转发和包含的相同点
(1)都是对同一个请求对象处理,源组件和目标组件共享同一个ServletRequest对象和ServletResponse对象。
(2)目标组件都可以是servlet,jsp,html。
(3)都依赖javax,servlet.RequestDispatcher 接口。
5.RequestDIspatcher 对象
该接口表示请求分发器
(1)获取RequestDispatcher对象方法
调用ServletContext的getRequestDispather(String path)方法获得。
调用ServletRequest的getRequestDispather(String path)方法获得。
(2)两种方法的区别
ServletContext调用方法的参数必须为绝对路径,而ServletRequest调用方法参数可以是绝对路径也可以是相对路径。
6.请求转发案例
CheckServlet 类用于处理用户请求参数。
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package com.learn;
import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
/**
* Created by Administrator on 2017/09/26.
*/
public class CheckServlet extends HttpServlet{
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
String userName = req.getParameter( "name" );
String message = "" ;
if (userName == null ){
message = "please input your name" ;
} else {
message = userName;
}
req.setAttribute( "mess" ,message);
RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = getServletContext().getRequestDispatcher( "/out" );
PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
out.print( "before forward " );
System.out.println( "before forward" );
requestDispatcher.forward(req,resp);
out.print( "after forward" );
System.out.println( "after forward" );
out.close();
}
}
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OutServlet 用于输出处理结果
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package com.learn;
import org.json.HTTP;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
/**
* Created by Administrator on 2017/09/26.
*/
public class OutServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
String message = (String) req.getAttribute( "mess" );
PrintWriter printWriter = resp.getWriter();
printWriter.print(message);
printWriter.close();
}
}
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注意: 1.在转发之前不要提交响应结果。
2.转发过程中,源组件的响应结果不会返回,只会返回目标组件的响应结果。
web.xml配置
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< servlet >
< servlet-name >check</ servlet-name >
< servlet-class >com.learn.CheckServlet</ servlet-class >
</ servlet >
< servlet-mapping >
< servlet-name >check</ servlet-name >
< url-pattern >/check</ url-pattern >
</ servlet-mapping >
< servlet >
< servlet-name >out</ servlet-name >
< servlet-class >com.learn.OutServlet</ servlet-class >
</ servlet >
< servlet-mapping >
< servlet-name >out</ servlet-name >
< url-pattern >/out</ url-pattern >
</ servlet-mapping >
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7.包含(include)案例
MainServlet 用于包含其他组件,并返回响应结果
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package com.learn;
import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.Servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
/**
* Created by Administrator on 2017/09/26.
*/
public class MainServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
resp.setContentType( "text/html" );
PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
out.println( "<html><head><title>mainServlet</title></head>" );
out.println( "<body>" );
ServletContext servletContext = getServletContext();
RequestDispatcher headDisPatcher = servletContext.getRequestDispatcher( "/header.html" );
RequestDispatcher greetDisPatcher = servletContext.getRequestDispatcher( "/greet" );
RequestDispatcher footeDisPatcher = servletContext.getRequestDispatcher( "/footer.html" );
headDisPatcher.include(req,resp);
greetDisPatcher.include(req,resp);
footeDisPatcher.include(req,resp);
out.print( "</body></html>" );
out.close();
}
}
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header.html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
< html lang = "en" >
< head >
< meta charset = "UTF-8" >
< title >header</ title >
</ head >
< body >
< font size = "6" >Welcome to ab</ font >
</ body >
</ html >
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GreetServlet
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package com.learn;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
/**
* Created by Administrator on 2017/09/26.
*/
public class GreetServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
out.print( "hi! " +req.getParameter( "name" )+ ", <p>" );
out.close();
}
}
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footer.html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
< html lang = "en" >
< head >
< meta charset = "UTF-8" >
< title >footer</ title >
</ head >
< body >
< span >Thanks for stopping</ span >
</ body >
</ html >
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web.xm配置
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< servlet >
< servlet-name >main</ servlet-name >
< servlet-class >com.learn.MainServlet</ servlet-class >
</ servlet >
< servlet-mapping >
< servlet-name >main</ servlet-name >
< url-pattern >/main</ url-pattern >
</ servlet-mapping >
< servlet >
< servlet-name >greet</ servlet-name >
< servlet-class >com.learn.GreetServlet</ servlet-class >
</ servlet >
< servlet-mapping >
< servlet-name >greet</ servlet-name >
< url-pattern >/greet</ url-pattern >
</ servlet-mapping >
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以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。
原文链接:http://www.cnblogs.com/wwyx-xi/p/7599237.html