android布局参数详解

时间:2021-08-28 15:42:38

android线性布局参数详解

 

线性布局中,有 4 个及其重要的参数,直接决定元素的布局和位置,这四个参数是

android:layout_gravity ( 是本元素相对于父元素的重力方向 )

android:gravity (是本元素所有子元素的重力方向)

android:orientation (线性布局以列或行来显示内部子元素)

android:layout_weight (线性布局内子元素对未占用空间【水平或垂直】分配权重值,其值越小,权重越大

                            前提是子元素 设置了 android:layout_width = "fill_parent" 属性(水平方向)

                               android:layout_height = "fill_parent" 属性(垂直方向)


如果某个子元素的 android:layout_width = "wrap_content"

           android:layout_height =" wrap_content”

android:layout_weight 的设置值 对该方向上空间的分配刚好相反。

 

下面以一个简单例子来说明 4个参数

<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8" ?>

< LinearLayout xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

                           android:layout_height = "200dp"

                           android:layout_width = "200dp"

                           android:background = "#AABBCC"

                           android:orientation= "horizontal"

                           android:layout_gravity= "center" >

                           < TextView android:text = "ONE"

                                               android:background = "#aa0000"

                                               android:layout_height = "wrap_content"

                                               android:layout_width = "wrap_content"

                                               android:layout_margin = "1dp" />

                            < TextView android:text = "TWO"

                                               android:background = "#aa0000"

                                               android:layout_height = "wrap_content"

                                               android:layout_width = "wrap_content"

                                               android:layout_margin = "1dp" />

</ LinearLayout >

 

说明:在上面的例子中,根布局是LinearLayout, 其包含有2TextView 视图,为了对参数 android:layout_gravity 有直观的了解,对根布局 LinearLayout 特意加了 3 个参数

android:layout_height = "200dp"

android:layout_width   = "200dp"

android:background     = "#AABBCC"

为布局指定了固定的宽度和高度,以及背景颜色,上面的例子运行后效果如下图:

 

android布局参数详解

 

说明:对LinearLayout 中的参数android:layout_gravity 来说,其意义是指定本布局相对于父布局的重力方向,由于该布局的已经是根布局,其父布局是整个屏幕,那么该参数设置的是相对于屏幕的位置,可以换不同的参数 top|bottom|left|right 等等参数来试验。

现在增加参数 android:gravity = "bottom|right" 完整 XML 如下,看看效果

 

<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8" ?>

< LinearLayout xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

                      android:layout_height = "200dp"

                      android:layout_width = "200dp"

                      android:background = "#AABBCC"

                      android:orientation="horizontal"

                      android:layout_gravity= "center"

                      android:gravity = "bottom|right " >

                      < TextView android:text = "ONE"

                                     android:background = "#aa0000"

                                     android:layout_height = "wrap_content"

                                     android:layout_width = "wrap_content"

                                     android:layout_margin = "1dp" />

                      < TextView android:text = "TWO"

                                     android:background = "#aa0000"

                                     android:layout_height = "wrap_content"

                                     android:layout_width = "wrap_content"

                                     android:layout_margin = "1dp" />

</ LinearLayout >

 

android布局参数详解

通过改变android:gravity 参数的值可以看到实际效果。


参数 android:orientation= " horizontal " 决定了每个子元素各占一列,如果

参数 android:orientation= " vertical " 则每个子元素各占一行,也就是从上到下排列了。


对于 LinearLayout 布局的子元素,给每个子元素加上参数 android:layout_weight

看看效果

<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8" ?>

< LinearLayout xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

                      android:layout_height = "200dp"

                      android:layout_width = "200dp"

                      android:background = "#AABBCC"

                      android:layout_gravity = "center"

                      android:gravity = "bottom|right"

                      android:orientation = "horizontal" >

                      < TextView android:text = "ONE"

                                     android:background = "#aa0000"

                                     android:layout_height = "wrap_content"

                                     android:layout_width = "wrap_content"

                                     android:layout_margin = "1dp"

                                     android:layout_weight = "1" />

                      < TextView android:text = "TWO"

                                     android:background = "#aa0000"

                                     android:layout_height = "wrap_content"

                                     android:layout_width = "wrap_content"

                                     android:layout_margin = "1dp"

                                     android:layout_weight = "2" />

</ LinearLayout >

android布局参数详解

 

 

 

TextONE 的权重为1 ,但明显占的宽度比TWO 的小,百思不得其解,后来得知,如果把TextView 的参数android:layout_width = "wrap_content" 全部修改为 android:layout_width = "fill_parent" , ok ,代码如下


<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8" ?>

< LinearLayout xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

                      android:layout_height = "200dp"

                      android:layout_width = "200dp"

                      android:background = "#AABBCC"

                      android:layout_gravity = "center"

                      android:gravity = "bottom|right"

                      android:orientation = "horizontal" >

                      < TextView android:text = "ONE"

                                     android:background = "#aa0000"

                                     android:layout_height = "wrap_content"

                                     android:layout_width = " fill_parent "

                                     android:layout_margin = "1dp"

                                     android:layout_weight = "1" />

                      < TextView android:text = "TWO"

                                     android:background = "#aa0000"

                                     android:layout_height = "wrap_content"

                                     android:layout_width = " fill_parent "

                                     android:layout_margin = "1dp"

                                     android:layout_weight = "2" />

</ LinearLayout >

 

android布局参数详解