django -- Celery实现异步任务

时间:2022-01-28 11:31:38

1. 环境

python==2.7

djang==1.11.2  # 1.8, 1.9, 1.10应该都没问题

celery-with-redis==3.0  # 需要用到redis作为中间人服务(Broker)
celery==3.1.25 # 安装上面的会自动安装
kombu==3.0.37
billiard==3.3.0.23 django-celery==3.2.2 # celery插件, 实现定时任务

celery>=4.0 不支持windows, 具体参考官方文档

2. 安装

pip install django==1.11.2 celery-with-redis==3.0 django-celery==3.2.2

3. 安装Redis, 用作Broker (RabbitMQ 官方推荐, 但安装麻烦点)

教程很多, 略

4. 新建django项目

官方文档

- Demo
- Demo
setting.py
wsgi.py
urls.py
- app
- migrations
models.py
views.py
...
  • 配置settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = (
...
'app',
'djcelery',# django-celery 可以在admin后台定义定时任务, 开始前需要直接migrate
) BROKER_URL = 'redis://127.0.0.1:6379/0'
BROKER_TRANSPORT = 'redis' CELERYBEAT_SCHEDULER = 'djcelery.schedulers.DatabaseScheduler' # 数据库调度
  • 新建文件Demo/Demo/celery.py
from __future__ import absolute_import

import os

from celery import Celery

# set the default Django settings module for the 'celery' program.
os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'Demo.settings') from django.conf import settings # noqa app = Celery('Demo') # Using a string here means the worker will not have to
# pickle the object when using Windows.
app.config_from_object('django.conf:settings')
app.autodiscover_tasks(lambda: settings.INSTALLED_APPS) @app.task(bind=True)
def debug_task(self):
print('Request: {0!r}'.format(self.request))
  • 新建Demo/app/tasks.py
from Demo.celery import app

@app.task
def cus_task(*arg):
print('This is a test task')
  • 编辑Demo/app/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse

from .tasks import cus_task

def index(request):
cus_task.delay()
return HttpResponse("Test async task")
  • 启动djangocelery
# django
python manage.py runserver # celery
celery -A Demo worker -l debug

admin后台中配置celery计划

  • 配置
# 如上settings.py中的设置, 后执行
python manage.py migrate djcelery
  • 登陆admin后台进行配置
# Djcelery模块列表

Crontabs  # 同linux crontab
Intervals # 间隔
Periodic tasks # 周期任务
Tasks
Workers

配置一个periodic task任务内容 app.tasks.cus_taskcrontabinterval设置每5s执行一次

  • 启动django和celery, 并查看日志
celery -A Demo worker -l debug

# 另一个窗口
celery -A Demo beat -l debug --max-interval=10 # 每10s扫描一次djcelery任务

补充

  • [ ] 安装flower
pip install flower
  • [ ] 启动flower(默认启动一个webserver:5555)
python manage.py celery flower
  • [ ] 浏览器打开 http://localhost:5555查看具体