在Linux操作系统中，有一个系统软件包，它的功能类似于Windows里面的“添加/删除程序”，但是功能又比"添加/删除程序"强很多，它就是Red Hat Package Manager(简称RPM)。
先放一个大招，哈哈
[root@winner ~]# rpm --help
用法: rpm [选项...]
--quiet Query/Verify package selection options:
-a, --all query/verify all packages
-f, --file query/verify package(s) owning file
-g, --group query/verify package(s) in group
-p, --package query/verify a package file
-W, --ftswalk query/verify package(s) from TOP file tree
walk
--pkgid query/verify package(s) with package
identifier
--hdrid query/verify package(s) with header
identifier
--fileid query/verify package(s) with file identifier
--specfile query a spec file
--triggeredby query the package(s) triggered by the
package
--whatrequires query/verify the package(s) which require a
dependency
--whatprovides query/verify the package(s) which provide a
dependency
--nomanifest do not process non-package files as
manifests Query options (with -q or --query):
-c, --configfiles list all configuration files
-d, --docfiles list all documentation files
--dump dump basic file information
-l, --list list files in package
--queryformat=QUERYFORMAT use the following query format
-s, --state display the states of the listed files Verify options (with -V or --verify):
--nofiledigest don't verify digest of files
--nomd5 don't verify digest of files
--nofiles don't verify files in package
--nodeps don't verify package dependencies
--noscript don't execute verify script(s)
File tree walk options (with --ftswalk):
--comfollow follow command line symlinks
--logical logical walk
--nochdir don't change directories
--nostat don't get stat info
--physical physical walk
--seedot return dot and dot-dot
--xdev don't cross devices
--whiteout return whiteout information Signature options:
--addsign sign package(s) (identical to --resign)
-K, --checksig verify package signature(s)
--delsign delete package signatures
--import import an armored public key
--resign sign package(s) (identical to --addsign)
--nodigest don't verify package digest(s)
--nosignature don't verify package signature(s)
Database options:
--initdb initialize database
--rebuilddb rebuild database inverted lists from
installed package headers Install/Upgrade/Erase options:
--aid add suggested packages to transaction
--allfiles install all files, even configurations
which might otherwise be skipped
--allmatches remove all packages which match <package>
(normally an error is generated if
<package> specified multiple packages)
--badreloc relocate files in non-relocatable package
-e, --erase=<package>+ erase (uninstall) package
--excludedocs do not install documentation
--excludepath=<path> skip files with leading component <path>
--fileconflicts detect file conflicts between packages
--force short hand for --replacepkgs --replacefiles
-F, --freshen=<packagefile>+ upgrade package(s) if already installed
-h, --hash print hash marks as package installs (good
with -v)
--ignorearch don't verify package architecture
--ignoreos don't verify package operating system
--ignoresize don't check disk space before installing
-i, --install install package(s)
--justdb update the database, but do not modify the
filesystem
--nodeps do not verify package dependencies
--nofiledigest don't verify digest of files
--nomd5 don't verify digest of files (obsolete)
--nocontexts don't install file security contexts
--noorder do not reorder package installation to
satisfy dependencies
--nosuggest do not suggest missing dependency
resolution(s)
--noscripts do not execute package scriptlet(s)
--notriggers do not execute any scriptlet(s) triggered
by this package
--oldpackage upgrade to an old version of the package
(--force on upgrades does this
automatically)
--percent print percentages as package installs
--prefix=<dir> relocate the package to <dir>, if
relocatable
--relocate=<old>=<new> relocate files from path <old> to <new>
--replacefiles ignore file conflicts between packages
--replacepkgs reinstall if the package is already present
--test don't install, but tell if it would work or
not
-U, --upgrade=<packagefile>+ upgrade package(s) Common options for all rpm modes and executables:
-D, --define='MACRO EXPR' define MACRO with value EXPR
-E, --eval='EXPR' print macro expansion of EXPR
--macros=<FILE:...> read <FILE:...> instead of default file(s)
--nodigest don't verify package digest(s)
--nosignature don't verify package signature(s)
--rcfile=<FILE:...> read <FILE:...> instead of default file(s)
-r, --root=ROOT use ROOT as top level directory (default:
"/")
--querytags display known query tags
--showrc display final rpmrc and macro configuration
--quiet provide less detailed output
-v, --verbose provide more detailed output
--version print the version of rpm being used
Options implemented via popt alias/exec:
--scripts list install/erase scriptlets from
package(s)
--setperms set permissions of files in a package
--setugids set user/group ownership of files in a
package
--conflicts list capabilities this package conflicts
with
--obsoletes list other packages removed by installing
this package
--provides list capabilities that this package provides
--requires list capabilities required by package(s)
--info list descriptive information from package(s)
--changelog list change logs for this package
--xml list metadata in xml
--triggers list trigger scriptlets from package(s)
--last list package(s) by install time, most
recent first
--dupes list duplicated packages
--filesbypkg list all files from each package
--fileclass list file names with classes
--filecolor list file names with colors
--fscontext list file names with security context from
file system
--fileprovide list file names with provides
--filerequire list file names with requires
--filecaps list file names with POSIX1.e capabilities Help options:
-?, --help Show this help message
--usage Display brief usage message
RPM 安装操作
命令：
rpm -i 需要安装的包文件名
举例如下：
rpm -i example.rpm 安装 example.rpm 包； rpm -iv example.rpm 安装 example.rpm 包并在安装过程中显示正在安装的文件信息； rpm -ivh example.rpm 安装 example.rpm 包并在安装过程中显示正在安装的文件信息及安装进度；
RPM 查询操作
命令：
rpm -q …
附加查询命令：
a 查询所有已经安装的包以下两个附加命令用于查询安装包的信息；
i 显示安装包的信息；
l 显示安装包中的所有文件被安装到哪些目录下；
s 显示安装版中的所有文件状态及被安装到哪些目录下；以下两个附加命令用于指定需要查询的是安装包还是已安装后的文件；
p 查询的是安装包的信息；
f 查询的是已安装的某文件信息；
举例如下：
rpm -qa | grep tomcat4 查看 tomcat4 是否被安装； rpm -qip example.rpm 查看 example.rpm 安装包的信息； rpm -qif /bin/df 查看/bin/df 文件所在安装包的信息； rpm -qlf /bin/df 查看/bin/df 文件所在安装包中的各个文件分别被安装到哪个目录下；
RPM 卸载操作
命令：
rpm -e 需要卸载的安装包
在卸载之前，通常需要使用rpm -q …命令查出需要卸载的安装包名称。
举例如下：
rpm -e tomcat4 卸载 tomcat4 软件包
RPM 升级操作
命令：
rpm -U 需要升级的包
举例如下：
rpm -Uvh example.rpm 升级 example.rpm 软件包
RPM 验证操作
命令：
rpm -V 需要验证的包
举例如下：
rpm -Vf /etc/tomcat4/tomcat4.conf
输出信息类似如下：
S.5....T c /etc/tomcat4/tomcat4.conf
其中，S 表示文件大小修改过，T 表示文件日期修改过。限于篇幅，更多的验证信息请您参考rpm 帮助文件：man rpm
RPM 的其他附加命令
--force 强制操作 如强制安装删除等； --requires 显示该包的依赖关系； --nodeps 忽略依赖关系并继续操作