企业级Apache详解

时间：2023-03-09 09:24:28
企业级Apache详解

安装Apache

#Apache安装

rpm -qa|grep httpd

yum install httpd

#2编译安装：          -->推荐安装

cd /root/software

yum -y install gcc+ gcc-c++

yum -y install zlib zlib-devel

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 wget http://archive.apache.org/dist/apr/apr-1.4.5.tar.gz

 tar -zxf apr-1.4.5.tar.gz

 cd apr-1.4.5

 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr

 make && make install

 echo $?

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 wget http://archive.apache.org/dist/apr/apr-util-1.3.12.tar.gz

 tar -zxf apr-util-1.3.12.tar.gz

 cd apr-util-1.3.12

 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util -with-apr=/usr/local/apr/bin/apr-1-config

 make && make install

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 wget http://jaist.dl.sourceforge.net/project/pcre/pcre/8.10/pcre-8.10.zip

 unzip -o pcre-8.10.zip

 cd pcre-8.10

 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pcre

 make && make install

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wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.27.tar.gz

tar xf httpd-2.4.27.tar.gz

cd httpd-2.4.27

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --enable-deflate --enable-expires --enable-headers --enable-modules=most --enable-so --with-mpm=worker

make;make install

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启动服务前的测试：

/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl -t

启动服务

/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start

	==>/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd start

lsof -i:80 	    -->查看端口

ps -fe|grep httpd   -->查看进程

平滑启动服务：

/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl graceful    (没有横杠)

浏览器显示：

     http://192.168.25.135/     -->It works
问题解决：关闭selinux, 关闭iptables,查看端口80，查看进程httpd，curl 192.168.25.135查看帮助：

/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl

查看模块列表

/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl -l

查看首页

cd /usr/local/apache/conf

grep -i documentroot httpd.conf

    -->DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs"

cat ../htdocs/index.html

    -->It works
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主配置文件学习  -->详情参考主配置说明
cd /usr/local/apache 
grep -Ev "#|^$" /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf > /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf.ori 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 

conf下重要文件：
 cd /usr/local/apache/conf/extra    
      httpd-vhosts.conf  -->基于域名的配置文件   
      httpd-mpm.conf     -->主要的工作模式    
      httpd-default.conf -->默认配置

虚拟主机配置

虚拟主机配置: 部署多个站点，每个站点，希望用多个域名和站点目录，或者不同的端口，不同IP
    ==》一个WEB服务，配置多个网站，就需要虚拟主机
vim /usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
虚拟主机分类：
    a.基于域名(最常用的)
    b.基于端口
    c.基于IP的

基于域名的配置：

需求：配置3个站点

  域名                 站点目录

www.ftl.com	         /var/html/www

www.blog.ftl.com     /var/html/blog

www.bbs.ftl.com      /var/html/bbs

创建站点目录

mkdir -p /var/html/{bbs,blog,www}

touch /var/html/{bbs,blog,www}/index.html

for name in {bbs,blog,www}; do echo "this is www.$name.ftl.com" >/var/html/$name/index.html; done;

for name in {bbs,blog,www}; do cat /var/html/$name/index.html; done;

编辑Linux虚拟主机文件

vim /usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

   <VirtualHost *:80>

      ServerAdmin 623799533@qq.com

      DocumentRoot "/var/html/www"

      ServerName www.ftl.com

      ServerAlias ftl.com

      ErrorLog "logs/www-error_log"

      CustomLog "logs/www-access_log" common

   </VirtualHost>

启用虚拟主机(取消注释)

	使用vhost和mpm

vim /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf

	# Virtual hosts

	Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

	# Server-pool management (MPM specific)

	Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf

查看httpd.conf开启的配置

grep "^Include"   /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf

	Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf

	Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

添加新的站点配置(原配置只针对默认站点生效，不配置会有403错误)

vim /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf   

      #add one and three are valid

      <Directory "/var/html">

         #not show the level of Dir

         Options -Indexes FollowSymLinks

         AllowOverride None

         Order allow,deny

         Allow from all

      </Directory>

检查语法：

	/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl -t

重启服务：(前面的进程结束后再重新启动下一次进程)

	/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl graceful

放在init.dl里面：

cp  /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl graceful /etc/init.d/httpd

service httpd graceful

Win配置host解析

	C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc

	192.168.25.135  www.ftl.com   ftl.com

	192.168.25.135  www.blog.ftl.com  blog.ftl.com

	192.168.25.135  www.bbs.ftl.com  bbs.ftl.com

检查hosts解析是否成功

	ping www.ftl.com   -->返回190.168.25.135即为成功

页面浏览器访问

	http://www.blog.ftl.com/

	http://www.bbs.ftl.com/

	http://www.ftl.com/

基于端口的访问：

vim /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf

	搜索Listen,同时复制多个Listen,用于监听不同的端口

vim /usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

	配置监听端口和虚拟IP端口

	NameVirtualHost *:8000                       -->注意此处，更改端口为8000

	<VirtualHost *:8000>                         -->注意此处，更改端口为8000

   	   ServerAdmin 623799533@qq.com

 	    DocumentRoot "/var/html/www"

	    ServerName www.hhh.com

	    ServerAlias hhh.com

	    ErrorLog "logs/hhh-error_log"

	    CustomLog "logs/hhh-access_log" common

	</VirtualHost>

测试，请重启服务

基于IP的访问：

vim /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf

	搜索Listen，增加配置

	Listen 10.0.0.3:82

vim /usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

	配置监听端口和虚拟IP端口

	NameVirtualHost *:80                       -->注意此处

	<VirtualHost 10.0.0.3:80>                  -->更改此处，更改为IP即可

   	   ServerAdmin 623799533@qq.com

 	    DocumentRoot "/var/html/www"

	    ServerName 10.0.0.3                    -->更改此处，更改为IP即可

	    ServerAlias hhh.com

	    ErrorLog "logs/hhh-error_log"

	    CustomLog "logs/hhh-access_log" common

	</VirtualHost>

测试，请重启服务

解决FQDN问题：

vim /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
    配置：
         ServerName 127.0.0.1:80  
测试请重启服务
service httpd -t
service httpd graceful

Apache下重要目录

pache下重要目录

[root@lamp01 apache]# tree ../apache/ -L 2

../apache/

├── bin

│?? ├── ab                 #Apache服务器性能测试工具，简单，易用

│?? ├── apachectl          #Apache的启动命令

│?? ├── apxs               #Apache服务器编译和安装扩展模块工具，在进行DSO方式的会用到

                                 #后面编译php软件的时候会用到  --with-apxs2=/usr/local/bin/apxs

│?? ├── htcacheclean       #清理磁盘缓存，很少用

│?? ├── htdbm              #建立和更新基本认证文件，配置nagios等监控服务

│?? ├── httpd              #apache的控制命令程序，apachectl执行会调用

│?? └── rotatelogs         #apache自带的日志轮询工具，但是可用cronolog代替

├── build

│?

├── conf

│?? ├── extra              #额外的apache配置文件目录，httpd-vhosts.conf默认在此

│?? ├── httpd.conf         #主配置文件

├── error

├── htdocs                    #默认站点文件，修改httpd.conf里面默认参数  -->Directoryindex index.html

│?? └── index.html

├── icons

├── include

├── logs                      #默认的日志文件

│?? ├── access_log

│?? ├── error_log

│?? └── httpd.pid          #httpd服务器启动后会把所有的进程ID写到此

├── man

│?? ├── man1

│?? └── man8

├── manual

└── modules               #apache的模块目录，后续编译的php等模块均在此

    └── httpd.exp

Apache日志学习分析

1.日志分类
    通用日志(CommonLogFormat)    -->默认
    组合日志(CombinedLogFormat)  -->工作中常见

vim /usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>

    ServerAdmin 623799533@qeq.com

    DocumentRoot "/var/html/blog"

    ServerName www.blog.ftl.com

    ServerAlias blog.ftl.com

    ErrorLog "logs/blog-error_log"

    CustomLog "logs/blog-access_log" combined                   -->更改此处即可调用主配置里面的格式

</VirtualHost>

2.Cronolog_Apache日志轮询

0.0 常规下所有的日志都在一个文件里面，所以我们希望日志轮询，按天查看

  1.1 自带的rotatelogs工具：

  2.1 安装cronolog

      cronolog安装配置非常简单，下载后只需要输入几个命令即可完成。

      wget http://cronolog.org/download/cronolog-1.6.2.tar.gz

      tar zxvf cronolog-1.6.2.tar.gz

      cd cronolog-1.6.2

      ./configure

      make; make install

      查看cronolog安装后所在目录（验证安装是否成功）

      which cronolog

      /usr/local/sbin/cronolog

   2.2 配置轮询日志

      <VirtualHost *:80>

         ServerAdmin 623799533@qeq.com

         DocumentRoot "/var/html/blog"

         ServerName www.blog.ftl.com

         ServerAlias blog.ftl.com

         ErrorLog "logs/blog-error_log"

         CustomLog "|/usr/local/sbin/cronolog /usr/local/apache/logs/www-access_%Y%m%d_log" combined       -->更改此处即可调用主配置里面的格式

      </VirtualHost>

    说明：按照天轮询配置：CustomLog "|/usr/local/sbin/cronolog /usr/local/apache/logs/www-access_%Y%m%d_log" combined

              安装小时轮询：CustomLog "|/usr/local/sbin/cronolog /usr/local/apache/logs/www-access_%Y%m%d%H_log" combined

   2.3重启服务

    service httpd -t

    service httpd graceful

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Apache 日志分析：

    awk '{print $1}' www-access_20170905_log |sort|uniq -c|sort -rn -k1|head -1

    awk '{++S[$1]} END {for (key in S) print S[key], key }' www-access_20170905_log |sort -rn -k1

【更多参考】

企业级Apache详解2

Apache整合ＰＨＰ和MYSQL 未完成  20170905

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