UI Automator 测试工具定义以及用途
UI Automator 测试框架提供了一组 API，用于构建在用户应用和系统应用上执行交互的界面测试。通过 UI Automator API，您可以执行在测试设备中打开“设置”菜单或应用启动器等操作。UI Automator 测试框架非常适合编写黑盒式自动化测试，此类测试的测试代码不依赖于目标应用的内部实现细节。
优点：可以对所有的操作来进行自动化，操作简单（eg:点击事件 ，侧滑事件，上拉事件，以及模拟键盘输入测试用例）。可以测试所有设备的程序。
缺点：必须要Android4.0以上才能使用。
UI Automator 的执行呢，需要我们编写完毕打成jar包，直接上传到/data/local/tmp/ 目录下面，然后用adb 命令执行即可。由于是安卓原生的，比较稳定，运行的速度也比较快。
我们下载了安卓的环境变量后，然后下载任意大于4.0的安卓版本sdk即可。
都会有这个jar包，我们在写代码，创建工程的时候，直接引入即可。
如何获取定位呢，我们可以uiautomatorviewer。
UI Automator 测试框架的主要功能包括：
用于检查布局层次结构的查看器。
用于检索状态信息并在目标设备上执行操作的 API。
支持跨应用界面测试的 API。
UI Automator 测试框架提供了一个 UiDevice 类，用于在运行目标应用的设备*问和执行操作。您可以调用其方法以访问设备属性，如当前屏幕方向或显示屏尺寸。UiDevice 类还可用于执行以下操作：
改变设备的旋转。
按硬件键，如“音量调高按钮”。
按返回、主屏幕或菜单按钮。
打开通知栏。
截取当前窗口的屏幕截图。
UI Automator API
通过 UI Automator API，您可以编写可靠的测试，而无需了解目标应用的实现细节。您可以使用这些 API 在多个应用间捕获和操纵界面组件：
UiCollection：枚举容器的界面元素，目的是为了计数，或者按可见文本或内容说明属性来定位子元素。
UiObject：表示设备上可见的界面元素。
UiScrollable：支持搜索可滚动界面容器中的项目。
UiSelector：表示对设备上的一个或多个目标界面元素的查询。
Configurator：可让您设置用于运行 UI Automator 测试的关键参数。
官方文档
https://developer.android.com/reference/androidx/test/uiautomator/package-summary
官方文档有着详细的介绍
正常的我们加入后，在后可以看到，有什么类，方式是什么，里面有什么api。
我们可以在引入后查看。
下面列举几个类的方法
UiDevice
void clearLastTraversedText()
// 清除上次UI遍历的事件 boolean click(int x, int y)
// 根据坐标点击 boolean drag(int startX, int startY, int endX, int endY, int steps)
// 拖动 void dumpWindowHierarchy(File dest)
// dump当前的层次化结构到文件中 void dumpWindowHierarchy(OutputStream out)
// dump当前的层次化结构到流中 void dumpWindowHierarchy(String fileName)
// dump当前的层次化结构到文件中 UiObject2 findObject(BySelector selector)
// 根据BySelector查找 UiObject findObject(UiSelector selector)
// 根据UiSelector 查找 List<UiObject2> findObjects(BySelector selector)
// 根据BySelector查找 void freezeRotation()
// 冻结旋转的状态 String getCurrentActivityName()
// 获取当前Activity的名字，已经被废弃 String getCurrentPackageName()
// 获取当前package int getDisplayHeight()
// Gets the height of the display, in pixels. int getDisplayRotation()
// Returns the current rotation of the display, as defined in Surface Point getDisplaySizeDp()
// Returns the display size in dp (device-independent pixel) The returned display size is adjusted per screen rotation. int getDisplayWidth()
// Gets the width of the display, in pixels. static UiDevice getInstance()
// 获取一个对象 static UiDevice getInstance(Instrumentation instrumentation)
// Retrieves a singleton instance of UiDevice String getLastTraversedText()
// 获取上一次遍历的文本 String getLauncherPackageName()
// 获取运行的packagename String getProductName()
// Retrieves the product name of the device. boolean hasAnyWatcherTriggered() // 检查是否有触发器触发 boolean hasObject(BySelector selector)
// 是否有符合的条件的 boolean hasWatcherTriggered(String watcherName)
// Checks if a specific registered UiWatcher has triggered. boolean isNaturalOrientation()
// Check if the device is in its natural orientation. boolean isScreenOn()
// Checks the power manager if the screen is ON. boolean openNotification()
// Opens the notification shade.
// 打开通知 boolean openQuickSettings()
// 打开设置 <R> R performActionAndWait(Runnable action, EventCondition<R> condition, long timeout)
// Performs the provided action and waits for the condition to be met. boolean pressBack()
// Simulates a short press on the BACK button. boolean pressDPadCenter()
// Simulates a short press on the CENTER button. boolean pressDPadDown()
// Simulates a short press on the DOWN button. boolean pressDPadLeft()
// Simulates a short press on the LEFT button. boolean pressDPadRight()
// Simulates a short press on the RIGHT button. boolean pressDPadUp()
// Simulates a short press on the UP button. boolean pressDelete()
// Simulates a short press on the DELETE key. boolean pressEnter()
// Simulates a short press on the ENTER key. boolean pressHome()
// Simulates a short press on the HOME button. boolean pressKeyCode(int keyCode)
// Simulates a short press using a key code. boolean pressKeyCode(int keyCode, int metaState)
// Simulates a short press using a key code. boolean pressMenu()
// Simulates a short press on the MENU button. boolean pressRecentApps()
// Simulates a short press on the Recent Apps button. boolean pressSearch()
// Simulates a short press on the SEARCH button. void registerWatcher(String name, UiWatcher watcher)
// Registers a UiWatcher to run automatically when the testing framework is unable to find a match using a UiSelector. void removeWatcher(String name)
// Removes a previously registered UiWatcher. void resetWatcherTriggers()
// Resets a UiWatcher that has been triggered. void runWatchers()
// This method forces all registered watchers to run. void setCompressedLayoutHeirarchy(boolean compressed)
// Enables or disables layout hierarchy compression. void setOrientationLeft()
// 设置旋转方向 void setOrientationNatural()
// Simulates orienting the device into its natural orientation and also freezes rotation by disabling the sensors. void setOrientationRight()
// Simulates orienting the device to the right and also freezes rotation by disabling the sensors. void sleep()
// 关闭屏幕 boolean swipe(int startX, int startY, int endX, int endY, int steps)
// Performs a swipe from one coordinate to another using the number of steps to determine smoothness and speed. boolean swipe(Point[] segments, int segmentSteps)
// Performs a swipe between points in the Point array. boolean takeScreenshot(File storePath, float scale, int quality)
// 截屏
boolean takeScreenshot(File storePath)
// Take a screenshot of current window and store it as PNG Default scale of 1.0f (original size) and 90% quality is used The screenshot is adjusted per screen rotation void unfreezeRotation()
// Re-enables the sensors and un-freezes the device rotation allowing its contents to rotate with the device physical rotation. <R> R wait(SearchCondition<R> condition, long timeout)
// Waits for given the condition to be met. void waitForIdle(long timeout)
// Waits for the current application to idle. void waitForIdle()
// Waits for the current application to idle. boolean waitForWindowUpdate(String packageName, long timeout)
// Waits for a window content update event to occur. void wakeUp()
// 点亮屏幕
UiObject
void clearTextField()
// 清空输入接口 boolean click()
// 点击 boolean clickAndWaitForNewWindow()
// 点击并等待新界面 boolean clickAndWaitForNewWindow(long timeout)
// 点击并等待新界面，设置等待时间 boolean clickBottomRight()
// 点击右下边 boolean clickTopLeft()
// Clicks the top and left corner of the UI element boolean dragTo(UiObject destObj, int steps)
// 拖动 boolean dragTo(int destX, int destY, int steps)
// Drags this object to arbitrary coordinates. boolean exists()
// 判断是否存在 Rect getBounds()
// 返回边界 UiObject getChild(UiSelector selector)
// 根据条件获取子元素 int getChildCount()
// 获取子元素数量 String getClassName()
// 获取当前元素的class name String getContentDescription()
// Reads the content_desc property of the UI element UiObject getFromParent(UiSelector selector)
// Creates a new UiObject for a sibling view or a child of the sibling view, relative to the present UiObject. String getPackageName()
// Reads the view's package property final UiSelector getSelector()
// Debugging helper. String getText()
// Reads the text property of the UI element Rect getVisibleBounds()
// 获取可见边界 boolean isCheckable()
// 是否可以点击 boolean isChecked()
// 是否已经选中 boolean isClickable()
// Checks if the UI element's clickable property is currently true. boolean isEnabled()
// Checks if the UI element's enabled property is currently true. boolean isFocusable()
// Check if the UI element's focusable property is currently true. boolean isFocused()
// Check if the UI element's focused property is currently true boolean isLongClickable()
// Check if the view's long-clickable property is currently true boolean isScrollable()
// Check if the view's scrollable property is currently true boolean isSelected()
// Checks if the UI element's selected property is currently true. boolean longClick()
// 长按 boolean longClickBottomRight()
// Long clicks bottom and right corner of the UI element boolean longClickTopLeft()
// Long clicks on the top and left corner of the UI element boolean performMultiPointerGesture(PointerCoords... touches)
// Performs a multi-touch gesture. boolean performTwoPointerGesture(Point startPoint1, Point startPoint2, Point endPoint1, Point endPoint2, int steps)
// Generates a two-pointer gesture with arbitrary starting and ending points. boolean pinchIn(int percent, int steps)
// Performs a two-pointer gesture, where each pointer moves diagonally toward the other, from the edges to the center of this UiObject . boolean pinchOut(int percent, int steps)
// Performs a two-pointer gesture, where each pointer moves diagonally opposite across the other, from the center out towards the edges of the this UiObject. boolean setText(String text)
// 设置输入内容 boolean swipeDown(int steps)
// Performs the swipe down action on the UiObject. boolean swipeLeft(int steps)
// Performs the swipe left action on the UiObject. boolean swipeRight(int steps)
// Performs the swipe right action on the UiObject. boolean swipeUp(int steps)
// Performs the swipe up action on the UiObject. boolean waitForExists(long timeout)
// Waits a specified length of time for a view to become visible. boolean waitUntilGone(long timeout)
// Waits a specified length of time for a view to become undetectable.
下面给大家展示一个UiAutomator的testcase
package cn.cool;
import com.android.uiautomator.testrunner.UiAutomatorTestCase;
import android.os.RemoteException;
public class Testone extends UiAutomatorTestCase {
@Override
protected void setUp() throws Exception {
super.setUp();
}
public void testCool() throws RemoteException, InterruptedException {
}
@Override
protected void tearDown() throws Exception {
}
}
然后我们可以在实际的项目中，去实现我们真实的业务的代码。实现完毕呢，
我们就可以用 adb . shell push cool.jar /data/local/tmp/
然后使用
adb shell uiautomator runtest cool.jar -c cn.cool.Testone
就可以执行了。uiautomator 由于只能打成jar包，所以它不能直接在编辑器上进行调试。