以Docker的网络管理，容器的IP设置为基础知识实现Nginx负载均衡
查看所有docker网络
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docker network ls
/*
NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE
b832b168ca9a bridge bridge local
373be82d3a6a composetest_default bridge local
a360425082c4 host host local
154f600f0e90 none null local
*/
// composetest_default 是上一篇介绍Compose时，docker-compose.yml文件所在的目录名，
// 所以，用docker-compose创建的容器会默认创建一个以目录名为网络名的网络，并且是dridge（桥接）类型
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指定容器IP地址
官网文档地址：https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/#ipv4_address-ipv6_address
继续编写上一篇《12.使用Docker Compose容器编排工具》文章中的docker-compose.yml
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version: "3"
services:
web1:
container_name: web1
image: "centos:httpd"
ports:
- "8080:80"
privileged: true
volumes:
- "/app/www/web1/:/var/www/html/"
command: ['/usr/sbin/init']
networks:
nginx-lsb:
ipv4_address: 192.169.0.3
web2:
container_name: web2
image: "centos:httpd"
ports:
- "8081:80"
privileged: true
volumes:
- "/app/www/web2/:/var/www/html/"
command: ['/usr/sbin/init']
networks:
nginx-lsb:
ipv4_address: 192.169.0.2
networks:
nginx-lsb:
driver: bridge
ipam:
config:
- subnet: 192.169.0.0/16
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使用docker-compose启动容器
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docker-compose up -d
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查看容器是否启动，并确认是否创建了网络 nginx-lsb
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// 可以查看当前docker-compose.yml配置的容器组里的容器状态
docker-compose ps
docker network ls
/*
NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE
b832b168ca9a bridge bridge local
373be82d3a6a composetest_default bridge local
de6f5b8df1c8 composetest_nginx-lsb bridge local
a360425082c4 host host local
154f600f0e90 none null local
*/
// 创建了nginx-lsb网络，命名是容器组项目的 文件名开头_网络名
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查看网络 nginx-lsb的详情
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docker network inspect composetest_nginx-lsb
// 详情里面可以看到使用这个网络的每个容器的ip
如：
/*
...
"Containers": {
"039aa860ef04f20a7566fdc943fb4398a61d2ad6dd3e373b17c86ac778af89e3": {
"Name": "web2",
"EndpointID": "1bc206661179e65999015f132c2889d3d4365b8d42b8a89cf9c260016fedd5ee",
"MacAddress": "02:42:c0:a9:00:02",
"IPv4Address": "192.169.0.2/16",
"IPv6Address": ""
},
"437ad7a07da8e46c0abaf845c4b08425338009fbe972bde69478cf47c75c315b": {
"Name": "web1",
"EndpointID": "5a36e602a5364ee9ad06e9816d09e3966d56ebf06b9394ebc25b8bcee9546607",
"MacAddress": "02:42:c0:a9:00:03",
"IPv4Address": "192.169.0.3/16",
"IPv6Address": ""
}
},
...
*/
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使用 env_file环境文件：
简单可以理解为：在docker-compose.yml中定义变量，引用在外部.env文件中进行变量定义
官方文档地址：https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/#env_file
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// 还是在composetest目录中定义个 .env文件，用来存放变量
web1_addr=192.169.0.2
web2_addr=192.169.0.3
// 修改docker-compose.yml文件，加入变量定义
version: "3"
services:
web1:
container_name: web1
image: "centos:httpd"
ports:
- "8080:80"
privileged: true
volumes:
- "/app/www/web1/:/var/www/html/"
command: ['/usr/sbin/init']
networks:
nginx-lsb:
ipv4_address: ${web1_addr}
web2:
container_name: web2
image: "centos:httpd"
ports:
- "8081:80"
privileged: true
volumes:
- "/app/www/web2/:/var/www/html/"
command: ['/usr/sbin/init']
networks:
nginx-lsb:
ipv4_address: ${web2_addr}
networks:
nginx-lsb:
driver: bridge
ipam:
config:
- subnet: 192.169.0.0/16
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重新启动composetest项目，并查看网络详情，确认容器ip是否设置成功
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// 重新启动composetest项目
docker-compose up -d
// 查看网络详情
docker network inspect composetest_nginx-lsb
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在composetest项目中添加一台nginx服务器作为负载均衡服务器
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// 在.env文件里添加一个变量 nginx_lsb
web1_addr=192.169.0.2
web2_addr=192.169.0.3
nginx_lsb=192.169.0.100
// 修改docker-compose.yml文件，加入变量定义
version: "3"
services:
nginx-lsb:
container_name: nginx-lsb
image: "centos:nginx"
ports:
- "8000:80"
privileged: true
volumes:
- "/app/nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"
networks:
nginx-lsb:
ipv4_address: ${nginx_lsb}
web1:
container_name: web1
image: "centos:httpd"
ports:
- "8080:80"
privileged: true
volumes:
- "/app/www/web1/:/var/www/html/"
command: ['/usr/sbin/init']
networks:
nginx-lsb:
ipv4_address: ${web1_addr}
web2:
container_name: web2
image: "centos:httpd"
ports:
- "8081:80"
privileged: true
volumes:
- "/app/www/web2/:/var/www/html/"
command: ['/usr/sbin/init']
networks:
nginx-lsb:
ipv4_address: ${web2_addr}
networks:
nginx-lsb:
driver: bridge
ipam:
config:
- subnet: 192.169.0.0/16
// 重新启动composetest项目
docker-compose up -d
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修改nginx.conf配置文件，配置负载均衡
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upstream mydocker {
server 192.169.0.2;
server 192.169.0.3;
}
server {
listen 80；
server_name mydocker;
location / {
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_buffering off;
proxy_pass http://mydocker;
}
}
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重新启动nginx-lsb，加载配置文件
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docker-composer restart nginx-lsb
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访问 http://服务器IP地址:8000，测试服务器负载均衡！
注意：上一篇已经在两台httpd服务器上放置了不同的web文件
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。
原文链接：https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000019256121