Duplicate 复制数据库 搭建Dataguard

时间：2021-06-13 11:55:56

1 操作系统环境

　　此处隐藏具体信息

System IP-address db_name db_version Comment
        Target DB
        Auxiliary DB

2 复制数据库前的准备工作

2.1 standby 端安装数据库软件

2.2 primary 与standby 端生成密码文件

orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw$ORACLE_SID password=oracle entries=

2.3 修改参数文件

　　如果standby端，不需要后期的日志应用，那么无需配置dataguard相关参数。只配置db_name参数即可启动到nomount状态。

db_name=

compatible='11.2.0.4.0'

db_create_file_dest=

#control_files=

#db_block_size=
备注： 

If OMF were not used , we must configure the Parameter control_files manually.

If the target database's db_block_size is not the default 8192, we must configure the auxiliary database as same as the target.

If undo_tablespace is set , the value in auxiliary must the same with the target.

如果作为standby 使用，还需要添加dataguard相关参数：

*.db_name='&db_name'

*.db_unique_name='&db_unique_name'

*.fal_client='primary_tns'

*.fal_server='standby_tns'

*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(primary_tns,standby_tns)'

*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=&db_unique_name'

*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=upgdbs LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=&db_unique_name'

*.log_archive_dest_state_1='ENABLE'

*.log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE'

*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.arc'

*.log_file_name_convert='/data/oracle/oradata','/data/oracle/oradata'

*.db_file_name_convert='/data/oracle/oradata','/data/oracle/oradata'

*.standby_file_management='auto'
Note 
其中log_file_name_convert 参数在standby端必须要设置，即使primary 与standby 的文件存储路径完全一致。 否则在duplicate命令处理redo log时会提示: 
RMAN-05535: WARNING: All redo log files were not defined properly.

ORACLE error from auxiliary database: ORA-19527: physical standby redo log must be renamed

ORA-00312: online log 7 thread 0: '/data/oracle/oradata/redo701.log'

2.4 网络配置

　　在这一步中所有需要配置的文件都在 $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/中.

  • Listener
　　由于standby 端只有软件，实例无法启动到mount状态，此时PMON进程无法完成自动注册。远程客户端只有通过静态监听，才能连接该实例。
RMAN-04006: error from auxiliary database: ORA-12514: TNS:listener does not currently know of service requested in connect descriptor

　　静态监听:

sid_list_listener =

(sid_list =

  (sid_desc =

   (global_dbname= )

   (sid_name= )

   (oracle_home=/opt/app/oracle/product/11.2./dbhome_1)

  )

 )

LISTENER =

  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =

    (DESCRIPTION =

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 127.0.0.1)(PORT = ))

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = hostname)(PORT = ))

    )

  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /opt/app/oracle
  • TNS
target_db =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = )(PORT = ))

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVER = DEDICATED)

      (SERVICE_NAME = )

    )

  )

auxiliary_db =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = )(PORT = ))

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVER = DEDICATED)

      (SERVICE_NAME = )

    )

  )
Notes 
Be sure to fill the blank with right value, such as service_name, host

2.5 创建standby redo log

假如目标库是作为standby 使用的，那必须在主库创建好standby redolog. 否则在duplicate过程中会提示： 添加standby redo log 示例:

alter database add logfile group No. ('member1','member2') size 2G;

3 Auxiliary 库启动到nomount
 

sqlplus sys/oracle@auxiliary_db as sysdba

startup nomount;

exit

4 主库启动到open状态
 

sqlplus sys/oracle@target_db as sysdba

startup

select dbid,open_mode from v$database;

5 复制新库

　　在执行复制之前，需要考虑以下两点问题：

  1. auxiliary 库是否使用的是spfile.如果不是的话，先创建一个spfile>
  2. 如果primary 与standby 两端数据文件路径，日志文件路径不同，可以通过下面SQL 为RMAN生成"set newname for " 语句
select 'set newname for datafile '||file_id||' to ''&&path'||tablespace_name||'_'||rank() over (partition by tablespace_name order by file_id)||'.dbf'';'

from dba_data_files

union all

select 'set newname for tempfile '||file_id||' to ''&&path'||tablespace_name||'_'||rank() over (partition by tablespace_name order by file_id)||'.dbf'';'

from dba_temp_files
示例1： 
可用于复制数据库（非dataguard)
su - oracle

rman target sys/oracle@target_db sys/oracle@auxiliary_db

run

{

allocate auxiliary channel c1 type disk;

allocate auxiliary channel c2 type disk;

allocate auxiliary channel c3 type disk;

set newname for database to '/data/oradata/%b';

duplicate target database to &ORACLE_SID from active database;

logfile

group 1 ('/data/oradata/redo1.log') size 2G,

group 2 ('/data/oradata/redo2.log') size 2G,

group 3 ('/data/oradata/redo3.log') size 2G;

release channel c1;

release channel c2;

release channel c3;

}

示例2

可用于搭建standby(,适用于dataguard)
run

{

allocate channel cl1 type disk;

allocate channel cl2 type disk;

allocate channel cl3 type disk;

allocate auxiliary channel c1 type disk;

allocate auxiliary channel c2 type disk;

allocate auxiliary channel c3 type disk;

duplicate target database for standby from active database nofilenamecheck dorecover;

release channel c1;

release channel c2;

release channel c3;

release channel cl1;

release channel cl2;

release channel cl3;

}
note 
  1. 手动分配复制通道时(allocate channel) 必须要加上allocate auxiliary channel，否则会提示: 
    RMAN-05503: at least one auxiliary channel must be allocated to execute this command
  2. 如果数据库没有做过全备，则duplicate命令必须带关键词" from active database",否则会提示: 
    RMAN-06024: no backup or copy of the control file found to restore
  3. 如果duplicate命令中使用关键词" from active database",则必须为主库分配通道。否则会提示: 
    RMAN-06034: at least 1 channel must be allocated to execute this command
  4. 相关路径必须存在，比如控制文件路径不存在，在恢复时会提示: 
    ORA-17628: Oracle error 19505 returned by remote Oracle server

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