1、表
create table test (names varchar2(12), dates date, num int, dou double); |
2、视图
create or replace view vi_test as select * from test; |
3、同义词
create or replace synonym aa for dbusrcard001.aa; |
4、存储过程
create or replace produce dd(v_id in employee.empoy_id%type) as begin end dd; |
5、函数
create or replace function ee(v_id in employee%rowtype) return varchar(15) is var_test varchar2(15); begin return var_test; exception when others then end |
6、三种触发器的定义
create or replace trigger ff alter delete on test for each row declare begin delete from test; if sql%rowcount < 0 or sql%rowcount is null then rais_replaction_err(-20004,"错误") end if endcreate or replace trigger gg alter insert on test for each row declare begin if :old.names = :new.names then raise_replaction_err(-2003,"编码重复"); end if end create or replace trigger hh for update on test for each row declare begin if updating then if :old.names <> :new.names then reaise_replaction_err(-2002,"关键字不能修改") end if end if end |
7、定义游标
declare cursor aa is select names,num from test; begin for bb in aa loop if bb.names = "ORACLE" then end if end loop; end |
8、速度优化,前一语句不后一语句的速度快几十倍
select names,dates from test,b where test.names = b.names(+) and b.names is null and b.dates > date('2003-01-01','yyyy-mm-dd') select names,dates from test where names not in ( select names from b where dates > to_date('2003-01-01','yyyy-mm-dd')) |
9、查找重复记录
select names,num from test where rowid != (select max(rowid) from test b where b.names = test.names and b.num = test.num) |
10、查找表TEST中时间最新的前10条记录
select * from (select * from test order by dates desc) where rownum < 11 |
11、序列号的产生
create sequence row_id minvalue 1 maxvalue 9999999999999999999999 start with 1 increment by 1insert into test values(row_id.nextval,....) |
1.连接
---内连接
select * from dali.test1 a, dali.test2 b where a.a=b.a;
---左连接
select * from dali.test1 a, dali.test2 b where a.a=b.a(+);
---右连接
select * from dali.test1 a, dali.test2 b where a.a(+)=b.a;
---完全连接
select * from dali.test1 a, dali.test2 b where a.a=b.a(+)
union
select * from dali.test1 a, dali.test2 b where a.a(+)=b.a;
---迪卡尔
select * from dali.test1, dali.test2;
判断是否为空:
在SQl Server中为ISNULL(field1,0)
在Oracle中为NVL(field1,0)
oracle 存储过程的基本语法
1.基本结构
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE 存储过程名字
(
参数1 IN NUMBER,
参数2 IN NUMBER
) IS
变量1 INTEGER :=0;
变量2 DATE;
BEGIN
END 存储过程名字
2.SELECT INTO STATEMENT
将select查询的结果存入到变量中,可以同时将多个列存储多个变量中,必须有一条
记录,否则抛出异常(如果没有记录抛出NO_DATA_FOUND)
例子:
BEGIN
SELECT col1,col2 into 变量1,变量2 FROM typestruct where xxx;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
xxxx;
END;
...
3.IF 判断
IF V_TEST=1 THEN
BEGIN
do something
END;
END IF;
4.while 循环
WHILE V_TEST=1 LOOP
BEGIN
XXXX
END;
END LOOP;
5.变量赋值
V_TEST := 123;
6.用for in 使用cursor
...
IS
CURSOR cur IS SELECT * FROM xxx;
BEGIN
FOR cur_result in cur LOOP
BEGIN
V_SUM :=cur_result.列名1+cur_result.列名2
END;
END LOOP;
END;
7.带参数的cursor
CURSOR C_USER(C_ID NUMBER) IS SELECT NAME FROM USER WHERE TYPEID=C_ID;
OPEN C_USER(变量值);
LOOP
FETCH C_USER INTO V_NAME;
EXIT FETCH C_USER%NOTFOUND;
do something
END LOOP;
CLOSE C_USER;
8.用pl/sql developer debug
连接数据库后建立一个Test WINDOW
在窗口输入调用SP的代码,F9开始debug,CTRL+N单步调试
关于oracle存储过程的若干问题备忘
1.在oracle中,数据表别名不能加as,如:
select
a.appname
from
appinfo a;
--
正确
select
a.appname
from
appinfo
as
a;
--
错误
也许,是怕和oracle中的存储过程中的关键字as冲突的问题吧
2.在存储过程中,select某一字段时,后面必须紧跟into,如果select整个记录,利用游标的话就另当别论了。
select
af.keynode
into
kn
from
APPFOUNDATION af
where
af.appid
=
aid
and
af.foundationid
=
fid;
--
有into,正确编译
select
af.keynode
from
APPFOUNDATION af
where
af.appid
=
aid
and
af.foundationid
=
fid;
--
没有into,编译报错,提示:Compilation
Error: PLS
-
00428
: an
INTO
clause
is
expected
in
this
SELECT
statement
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3.在利用select...into...语法时,必须先确保数据库中有该条记录,否则会报出"no data found"异常。
可以在该语法之前,先利用
select count(*) from 查看数据库中是否存在该记录,如果存在,再利用select...into...
4.在存储过程中,别名不能和字段名称相同,否则虽然编译可以通过,但在运行阶段会报错
select
keynode
into
kn
from
APPFOUNDATION
where
appid
=
aid
and
foundationid
=
fid;
--
正确运行
select
af.keynode
into
kn
from
APPFOUNDATION af
where
af.appid
=
appid
and
af.foundationid
=
foundationid;
--
运行阶段报错,提示
ORA
-
01422
:exact
fetch
returns
more than requested
number
of
rows
5.在存储过程中,关于出现null的问题
6.Hibernate调用oracle存储过程
this
.pnumberManager.getHibernateTemplate().execute(
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new
HibernateCallback()
...
{
public Object doInHibernate(Session session)
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throws HibernateException, SQLException ...{
CallableStatement cs = session
.connection()
.prepareCall("{call modifyapppnumber_remain(?)}");
cs.setString(1, foundationid);
cs.execute();
return null;
}
}
);