1.Django实现WebSocket在线聊天室
1.1 安装
pip install channels==2.3
(saas) F:\Desktop\Python_Study\CHS-Tracer\saas>pip install channels==2.3
Looking in indexes: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
Collecting channels==2.3
Downloading
...
Successfully installed Automat-20.2.0 attrs-20.3.0 autobahn-21.3.1 channels-2.3.0
1.2 创建Django项目
1.3 http路由
url(r"^chat/$", chat_view.chat, name="chat"), # 聊天室
1.4 http视图函数
def chat(request):
return render(request, "chat.html")
1.5 settings添加channels相关配置
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INSTALLED_APPS = [
'channels' , # 项目中要使用channels做WebSocket了
]
ASGI_APPLICATION = "saas.routing.application" # 项目名.routing.application
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1.6 创建routing.py(websocket的路由)和comsumers.py(websocket的视图函数)
1.7 websocket路由
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# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# 作者:IT小学生蔡坨坨
# 时间:2021/4/23 18:21
# 功能:channels相关路由
from channels.routing import ProtocolTypeRouter, URLRouter
from django.conf.urls import url
from web import consumers
application = ProtocolTypeRouter({
"websocket" : URLRouter([
url(r '^chat/$' , consumers.ChatConsumer),
])
})
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1.8 websocket视图函数
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# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# 作者:IT小学生蔡坨坨
# 时间:2021/4/23 18:25
# 功能:channels相关视图
from channels.exceptions import StopConsumer
from channels.generic.websocket import WebsocketConsumer
# 定义一个列表,用于存放当前在线的用户
CONSUMER_OBJECT_LIST = []
class ChatConsumer(WebsocketConsumer):
def websocket_connect( self , message):
"""
客户端浏览器发来连接请求之后就会被触发
:param message:
:return:
"""
# 服务端接收连接,向客户端浏览器发送一个加密字符串
self .accept()
# 连接成功
CONSUMER_OBJECT_LIST.append( self )
def websocket_receive( self , message):
"""
客户端浏览器向服务端发送消息,此方法自动触发
:param message:
:return:
"""
print ( "接受到消息了。" , message)
# 服务端给客户端回一条消息
# self.send(text_data=message["text"])
for obj in CONSUMER_OBJECT_LIST:
obj.send(text_data = message[ "text" ])
def websocket_disconnect( self , message):
"""
客户端浏览器主动断开连接
:param message:
:return:
"""
# 服务端断开连接
CONSUMER_OBJECT_LIST.remove( self )
raise StopConsumer()
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1.9 前端代码
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<!-- css样式 -->
<style>
pre {
display: block;
padding: 9.5px;
margin: 0 0 10px;
font-size: 18px;
line-height: 1.42857143;
color: #333;
word- break : break -all;
word-wrap: break -word;
background-color: #00aaaa;
border-radius: 12px;
}
</style>
<!-- body内容 -->
<div style= "width: 600px;height: 574px;margin: auto;margin-top: 20px;" >
<div class= "panel panel-success" >
<div class= "panel-heading" >在线实时聊天室</div>
<div class= "panel-body" >
<div style= "border: #f5f5f5 2px solid;width: 570px;height: 400px;overflow:scroll" >
<div id= "content" >
<!-- 聊天记录 -->
</div>
</div>
<div style= "border-color: white;margin-top: 10px" >
<textarea type= "text" id= "txt" placeholder= "请输入消息内容......" class= "form-control" ></textarea>
</div>
</div>
<div class= "table" >
<div>
<button class= "btn btn-danger" onclick= "closeLink();" style= "margin-left: 74%" >断开连接</button>
<button class= "btn btn-success" onclick= "sendMsg();" >发送</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- 消息模板 -->
<div id= "recordTemplate" class= "hide" >
<div class= "right-info" >
<!-- 用户 -->
<p>匿名用户:</p>
<!-- 消息内容 -->
<pre>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<!-- js代码 -->
<script>
var STATUS; // 是否连接的标志
var ws = new WebSocket( "ws://127.0.0.1:8000/chat/" );
ws.onopen = function () {
// 客户端在握手环节验证成功之后,自动执行此方法
console.log( "连接成功。" )
};
ws.onmessage = function msg(event) {
var $item = $( "#recordTemplate" ).find( '.right-info' ).clone();
$item.find( 'pre' ).html(event.data);
$( "#content" ).append($item);
};
function sendMsg() {
if (STATUS == false ) {
swal({
title: "已断开" ,
text: "当前已断开连接,刷新页面重新连接。"
});
} else {
ws.send($( "#txt" ).val());
$( "#txt" ).val( "" );
}
}
function closeLink() {
ws.close();
STATUS = false ;
console.log( "断开连接" );
swal({
text: "成功断开连接,刷新页面重新连接。"
});
}
</script>
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2.效果展示
3.总结
http协议
chat路由 --> chat视图函数
访问:浏览器发送请求即可
websocket协议
chat路由 --> ChatConsumer(3个方法)
访问:new WebSocket对象
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原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/caituotuo/p/14704199.html