Transact-SQL（又称 T-SQL），是在 Microsoft SQL Server 和 Sybase SQL Server 上的 ANSI SQL 实现，与 Oracle 的 PL/SQL 性质相近（不只是实现 ANSI SQL，也为自身数据库系统的特性提供实现支持），在 Microsoft SQL Server 和 Sybase Adaptive Server 中仍然被使用为核心的查询语言。
数据库
1、创建数据库
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USE master ;
GO
CREATE DATABASE Sales
ON
( NAME = Sales_dat,
FILENAME = 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL13.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\DATA\saledat.mdf',
SIZE = 10,
MAXSIZE = 50,
FILEGROWTH = 5 )
LOG ON
( NAME = Sales_log,
FILENAME = 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL13.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\DATA\salelog.ldf',
SIZE = 5MB,
MAXSIZE = 25MB,
FILEGROWTH = 5MB ) ;
GO
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2、查看数据库
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SELECT name, database_id, create_date
FROM sys.databases ;
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3、删除数据库
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DROP DATABASE Sales;
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表
1、创建表
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CREATE TABLE PurchaseOrderDetail
(
ID uniqueidentifier NOT NULL
,LineNumber smallint NOT NULL
,ProductID int NULL
,UnitPrice money NULL
,OrderQty smallint NULL
,ReceivedQty float NULL
,RejectedQty float NULL
,DueDate datetime NULL
);
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2、删除表
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DROP TABLE dbo.PurchaseOrderDetail;
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3、重命名表
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EXEC sp_rename 'Sales.SalesTerritory', 'SalesTerr';
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列
1、添加列
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ALTER TABLE dbo.doc_exa ADD column_b VARCHAR(20) NULL, column_c INT NULL ;
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2、删除列
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ALTER TABLE dbo.doc_exb DROP COLUMN column_b;
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3、重命名列
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EXEC sp_rename 'Sales.SalesTerritory.TerritoryID', 'TerrID', 'COLUMN';
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约束
1、主键
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--在现有表中创建主键
ALTER TABLE Production.TransactionHistoryArchive
ADD CONSTRAINT PK_TransactionHistoryArchive_TransactionID PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (TransactionID);
--在新表中创建主键
CREATE TABLE Production.TransactionHistoryArchive1
(
TransactionID int IDENTITY (1,1) NOT NULL
, CONSTRAINT PK_TransactionHistoryArchive_TransactionID PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (TransactionID)
)
;
--查看主键
SELECT name
FROM sys.key_constraints
WHERE type = 'PK' AND OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id) = N'TransactionHistoryArchive';
GO
--删除主键
ALTER TABLE Production.TransactionHistoryArchive
DROP CONSTRAINT PK_TransactionHistoryArchive_TransactionID;
GO
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视图
1、创建视图
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CREATE VIEW V_EmployeeHireDate
AS
SELECT p.FirstName, p.LastName, e.HireDate
FROM HumanResources.Employee AS e JOIN Person.Person AS p
ON e.BusinessEntityID = p.BusinessEntityID ;
GO
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2、删除视图
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DROP VIEW V_EmployeeHireDate;
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存储过程
1、创建存储过程
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CREATE PROCEDURE P_UspGetEmployeesTest
@LastName nvarchar(50),
@FirstName nvarchar(50)
AS
SELECT FirstName, LastName, Department
FROM HumanResources.vEmployeeDepartmentHistory
WHERE FirstName = @FirstName AND LastName = @LastName
AND EndDate IS NULL;
GO
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2、删除存储过程
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DROP PROCEDURE P_UspGetEmployeesTest;
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3、执行存储过程
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EXEC P_UspGetEmployeesTest N'Ackerman', N'Pilar';
-- Or
EXEC P_UspGetEmployeesTest @LastName = N'Ackerman', @FirstName = N'Pilar';
GO
-- Or
EXECUTE P_UspGetEmployeesTest @FirstName = N'Pilar', @LastName = N'Ackerman';
GO
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4、重命名存储过程
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EXEC sp_rename 'P_UspGetAllEmployeesTest', 'P_UspEveryEmployeeTest2';
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5、带有输出参数的存储过程
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CREATE PROCEDURE P_UspGetEmployeeSalesYTD
@SalesPerson nvarchar(50),
@SalesYTD money OUTPUT
AS
SELECT @SalesYTD = SalesYTD
FROM SalesPerson AS sp
JOIN vEmployee AS e ON e.BusinessEntityID = sp.BusinessEntityID
WHERE LastName = @SalesPerson;
RETURN
GO
--调用
DECLARE @SalesYTDBySalesPerson money;
EXECUTE P_UspGetEmployeeSalesYTD
N'Blythe',
@SalesYTD = @SalesYTDBySalesPerson OUTPUT;
GO
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数据类型
总结
以上所述是小编给大家介绍的Sql Server数据库常用Transact-SQL脚本，希望对大家有所帮助，如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言，小编会及时回复大家的。在此也非常感谢大家对服务器之家网站的支持！如果你觉得本文对你有帮助，欢迎转载，烦请注明出处，谢谢！
原文链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/oyang168/archive/2019/12/01/11966274.html