[leetcode]Regular Expression Matching @ Python

时间:2021-07-03 21:43:02

原题地址:https://oj.leetcode.com/problems/regular-expression-matching/

题意:

Implement regular expression matching with support for '.' and '*'.

'.' Matches any single character.
'*' Matches zero or more of the preceding element. The matching should cover the entire input string (not partial). The function prototype should be:
bool isMatch(const char *s, const char *p) Some examples:
isMatch("aa","a") → false
isMatch("aa","aa") → true
isMatch("aaa","aa") → false
isMatch("aa", "a*") → true
isMatch("aa", ".*") → true
isMatch("ab", ".*") → true
isMatch("aab", "c*a*b") → true

解题思路:正则表达式匹配的判断。网上很多的解法是用递归做的,用java和c++都可以过,但同样用python就TLE,说明这道题其实考察的不是递归。而是动态规划,使用动态规划就可以AC了。这里的'*'号表示重复前面的字符,注意是可以重复0次的。

先来看递归的解法:

如果P[j+1]!='*',S[i] == P[j]=>匹配下一位(i+1, j+1),S[i]!=P[j]=>匹配失败;

如果P[j+1]=='*',S[i]==P[j]=>匹配下一位(i+1, j+2)或者(i, j+2),S[i]!=P[j]=>匹配下一位(i,j+2)。

匹配成功的条件为S[i]=='\0' && P[j]=='\0'。

代码,TLE:

class Solution:
# @return a boolean
def isMatch(self, s, p):
if len(p)==0: return len(s)==0
if len(p)==1 or p[1]!='*':
if len(s)==0 or (s[0]!=p[0] and p[0]!='.'):
return False
return self.isMatch(s[1:],p[1:])
else:
i=-1; length=len(s)
while i<length and (i<0 or p[0]=='.' or p[0]==s[i]):
if self.isMatch(s[i+1:],p[2:]): return True
i+=1
return False

再来看动态规划的解法。

代码:

class Solution:
# @return a boolean
def isMatch(self, s, p):
dp=[[False for i in range(len(p)+1)] for j in range(len(s)+1)]
dp[0][0]=True
for i in range(1,len(p)+1):
if p[i-1]=='*':
if i>=2:
dp[0][i]=dp[0][i-2]
for i in range(1,len(s)+1):
for j in range(1,len(p)+1):
if p[j-1]=='.':
dp[i][j]=dp[i-1][j-1]
elif p[j-1]=='*':
dp[i][j]=dp[i][j-1] or dp[i][j-2] or (dp[i-1][j] and (s[i-1]==p[j-2] or p[j-2]=='.'))
else:
dp[i][j]=dp[i-1][j-1] and s[i-1]==p[j-1]
return dp[len(s)][len(p)]