熟悉SQL Server的DBA都知道,在SQL Server中如果想要显示制定自增值,除了在INSERT语句中显示写明自增列外,还需要使用SET IDENTITY_INSERT TB_NAME ON来告诉系统“我要显示插入自增啦”,但到了MySQL,显示插入自增就变得很“*”。
假设有表tb1,其定义如下:
CREATE TABLE `tb1` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`c1` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
如果需要显示插入自增,可以使用:
INSERT INTO tb1 VALUES(1,1);
当然写明列肯定是没问题的:
INSERT INTO tb1(id,c1)VALUES(2,2);
设置插入负值的自增值也没有问题:
INSERT INTO tb1(id,c1)VALUES(-1,-1);
那插入0呢?
INSERT INTO tb1(id,c1)VALUES(0,0);
虽然显示插入自增值为0,但是自增值变成了1,这是啥意思呢?
查看了下MySQL帮助文档,发现该问题和一个变量有关:NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,一般情况下,在插入记录时,如果自增列对于的数据为NULL或0时,系统会获取一个新的自增值来作为本次插入的自增值使用,如果希望将0作为自增值来使用,那些需要设置SQL MODE 为NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,如:
SET SESSION sql_mode='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO';
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官方文档如下:
NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO affects handling of AUTO_INCREMENT columns. Normally, you generate the next sequence number for the column by inserting either NULL or 0 into it. NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO suppresses this behavior for 0 so that only NULL generates the next sequence number.
This mode can be useful if 0 has been stored in a table's AUTO_INCREMENT column. (Storing 0 is not a recommended practice, by the way.) For example, if you dump the table with mysqldump and then reload it, MySQL normally generates new sequence numbers when
it encounters the 0 values, resulting in a table with contents different from the one that was dumped. Enabling NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO before reloading the dump file solves this problem. mysqldump now automatically includes in its output a statement that enables NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO, to avoid this problem.
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尽管可以通过NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO来将自增值设置为0,但不建议将自增值设置为0,以避免在数据迁移或同步时因环境设置不同而导致数据差异,如从库未设置NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO的情况下通过mysqldump导入初始化数据,便会导致数据不一直或初始化失败。
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