netty深入学习之中的一个: 入门篇
本文代码下载：
http://download.csdn.net/detail/cheungmine/8497549
1）Netty是什么
Netty是Java NIO之上的网络库（API）。Netty 提供异步的、事件驱动的网络应用程序框架和工具，用以高速开发高性能、高可靠性的网络服务器和客户端程序。
2）Netty的特性
统一的API。适用于不同的协议（堵塞和非堵塞）。基于灵活、可扩展的事件驱动模型。高度可定制的线程模型。可靠的无连接数据Socket支持（UDP）性能。更好的吞吐量，低延迟。更省资源，尽量降低不必要的内存拷贝。完整的SSL/ TLS和STARTTLS的支持。能在Applet和Android的限制环境运行良好。健壮性：不再因过快、过慢或超负载连接导致OutOfMemoryError。不再有在高速网络环境下NIO读写频率丌一致的问题。易用：完好的Java doc，用户指南和样例，简洁简单。仅依赖于JDK1.5。
3）Netty高速上手
俗话说。万事开头难，因此我构建了一个Netty项目模板：avro-channel。目的是结合Netty和Avro实现异步传输数据和RPC（远程过程调用）。avro-channel最初的目的是为了实现一套RPC服务。发现了Netty功能如此强大之后，就想使用Netty构建整个后端体系。因此，本文的样例代码提供了一个简单的Netty入门：HelloWorldServer和HelloWorldClient。
构建项目非常easy。第一步。手工安装依赖jar到你的机器上，进入项目pom.xml所在文件夹：
$ python ./mvn-install-lib.py
上面这个命令把lib/下的jar包安装到你的机器上。然后运行以下的命令构建：
$ mvn clean compile package assembly:assembly
最后打开2个终端a,b。分别运行以下的服务器和客户端：
a 启动服务器：
$ java -jar ./target/avro-channel-1.0-PRE.jar
或
$ java -cp ./target/avro-channel-1.0-PRE.jar avro.channel.server.netty.HelloWorldServer
b 启动客户端：
$ java -cp ./target/avro-channel-1.0-PRE.jar avro.channel.client.netty.HelloWorldClient
4）样例工程结构
avro-channel是标准的maven(3.05)工程，文件夹结构例如以下：
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" alt="" />
lib/netty包括jboss.netty和io.netty二个版本号系列。最后让我们看看完整的pom.xml：
<project
xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <description>avro-channel is a java framework for data transport and rpc. created by zhangliang</description> <!--
build all:
$ mvn clean compile package assembly:assembly
-->
<groupId>avro.channel</groupId>
<artifactId>avro-channel</artifactId>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<version>1.0-PRE</version> <name>avro-channel</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<compiler-plugin.version>2.3.2</compiler-plugin.version>
<avro.version>1.7.7</avro.version>
<slf4j.version>1.7.10</slf4j.version>
<jackson.version>1.9.13</jackson.version>
<jboss.netty.version>3.2.10.Final</jboss.netty.version>
<io.netty.version>5.0.0.Alpha2</io.netty.version>
<!-- test server class: HelloWorldServer -->
<!-- test client class: HelloWorldClient -->
<main.class>avro.channel.server.netty.HelloWorldServer</main.class>
</properties> <dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-simple</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.jboss.netty</groupId>
<artifactId>netty</artifactId>
<version>${jboss.netty.version}</version>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>io.netty</groupId>
<artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
<version>${io.netty.version}</version>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
<artifactId>avro</artifactId>
<version>${avro.version}</version>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
<artifactId>avro-ipc</artifactId>
<version>${avro.version}</version>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-core-asl</artifactId>
<version>${jackson.version}</version>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId>
<version>${jackson.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies> <build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>${compiler-plugin.version}</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.6</source>
<target>1.6</target>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin> <plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.avro</groupId>
<artifactId>avro-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>${avro.version}</version> <executions>
<execution>
<id>schemas</id>
<phase>generate-sources</phase>
<goals>
<goal>schema</goal>
<goal>protocol</goal>
<goal>idl-protocol</goal>
</goals> <configuration>
<sourceDirectory>${project.basedir}/src/main/avro/</sourceDirectory>
<outputDirectory>${project.basedir}/src/main/java/</outputDirectory>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin> <!--
1) Build project jar and copy all dependencies into lib/:
$ mvn clean compile
$ mvn package 2) Start Server:
$ java -jar ./target/avro-channel-1.0-PRE.jar
or
$ java -cp ./target/avro-channel-1.0-PRE.jar avro.channel.server.netty.HelloWorldServer 3) Start Client:
$ java -cp ./target/avro-channel-1.0-PRE.jar avro.channel.client.netty.HelloWorldClient
-->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<archive>
<manifest>
<addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
<classpathPrefix>lib/</classpathPrefix>
<mainClass>${main.class}</mainClass>
</manifest>
</archive>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>copy</id>
<phase>package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>copy-dependencies</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/lib</outputDirectory>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin> <!--
1) Package all jars in one: ${name}-jar-with-dependencies.jar
$ mvn assembly:assembly 2) Run server:
$ java -jar ./target/avro-channel-1.0-PRE-jar-with-dependencies.jar
or
$ java -cp ./target/avro-channel-1.0-PRE-jar-with-dependencies.jar avro.channel.server.netty.HelloWorldServer 3) Run client:
$ java -cp ./target/avro-channel-1.0-PRE-jar-with-dependencies.jar avro.channel.client.netty.HelloWorldClient
-->
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
<configuration>
<archive>
<manifest>
<mainClass>${main.class}</mainClass>
</manifest>
</archive>
<descriptorRefs>
<descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
</descriptorRefs>
</configuration>
</plugin> </plugins>
</build>
</project>