数据库备份和数据恢复的重要性,我想大家都知道,这里就举例说明如何操作数据备份,数据恢复的实例:
创建测试数据
创建db:testdb,collection:user,插入10条记录
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mongo
MongoDB shell version: 3.0.2
connecting to : test
> use testdb
switched to db testdb
> db. user . insert ({id:1, name : "用户1" });
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db. user . insert ({id:2, name : "用户2" });
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db. user . insert ({id:3, name : "用户3" });
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db. user . insert ({id:4, name : "用户4" });
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db. user . insert ({id:5, name : "用户5" });
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db. user . insert ({id:6, name : "用户6" });
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db. user . insert ({id:7, name : "用户7" });
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db. user . insert ({id:8, name : "用户8" });
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db. user . insert ({id:9, name : "用户9" });
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db. user . insert ({id:10, name : "用户10" });
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
>
> db. user .find();
{ "_id" : ObjectId( "574d7aae8780832e6c4e27b4" ), "id" : 1, "name" : "用户1" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId( "574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b5" ), "id" : 2, "name" : "用户2" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId( "574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b6" ), "id" : 3, "name" : "用户3" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId( "574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b7" ), "id" : 4, "name" : "用户4" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId( "574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b8" ), "id" : 5, "name" : "用户5" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId( "574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b9" ), "id" : 6, "name" : "用户6" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId( "574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27ba" ), "id" : 7, "name" : "用户7" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId( "574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27bb" ), "id" : 8, "name" : "用户8" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId( "574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27bc" ), "id" : 9, "name" : "用户9" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId( "574d7ab08780832e6c4e27bd" ), "id" : 10, "name" : "用户10" }
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数据导出 mongoexport
参数说明:
-d 数据库名
-c collection名
-o 输出的文件名
--type 输出的格式,默认为json
-f 输出的字段,如果--type为csv,则需要加上 -f "字段名"
更多参数说明可参考 mongoexport –help
例子:导出user所有记录到/tmp/user.json
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mongoexport -d testdb -c user -o /tmp/ user .json
2016-05-31T20:00:32.257+0800 connected to : localhost
2016-05-31T20:00:32.286+0800 exported 10 records
cat /tmp/ user .json
{ "_id" :{ "$oid" : "574d7aae8780832e6c4e27b4" }, "id" :1, "name" : "用户1" }
{ "_id" :{ "$oid" : "574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b5" }, "id" :2, "name" : "用户2" }
{ "_id" :{ "$oid" : "574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b6" }, "id" :3, "name" : "用户3" }
{ "_id" :{ "$oid" : "574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b7" }, "id" :4, "name" : "用户4" }
{ "_id" :{ "$oid" : "574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b8" }, "id" :5, "name" : "用户5" }
{ "_id" :{ "$oid" : "574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b9" }, "id" :6, "name" : "用户6" }
{ "_id" :{ "$oid" : "574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27ba" }, "id" :7, "name" : "用户7" }
{ "_id" :{ "$oid" : "574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27bb" }, "id" :8, "name" : "用户8" }
{ "_id" :{ "$oid" : "574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27bc" }, "id" :9, "name" : "用户9" }
{ "_id" :{ "$oid" : "574d7ab08780832e6c4e27bd" }, "id" :10, "name" : "用户10" }
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例子:导出user所有id到/tmp/user.csv
格式为csv但不指定字段会出错
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mongoexport -d testdb -c user --type csv -o /tmp/user.csv
2016-05-31T20:01:05.393+0800 Failed: CSV mode requires a field list
mongoexport -d testdb -c user --type csv -f "id" -o /tmp/user.csv
2016-05-31T20:01:46.510+0800 connected to : localhost
2016-05-31T20:01:46.534+0800 exported 10 records
cat /tmp/ user .csv
id
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数据导入 mongoimport
参数说明:
-d 数据库名
-c collection名
--type 导入的格式,默认json
-f 导入的字段名
--headerline 如果导入的格式是csv,则可以使用第一行的标题作为导入的字段
--file 要导入的文件
更多参数说明可参考 mongoimport –help
导入前先清空collection user
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> db. user . drop ();
true
> db. user .find();
>
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例子:把上例导出的user.json导入
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mongoimport -d testdb -c user --file /tmp/user.json
2016-05-31T20:10:22.240+0800 connected to : localhost
2016-05-31T20:10:22.287+0800 imported 10 documents
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例子:把上例导出的user.csv导入
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mongoimport -d testdb -c user --type csv --headerline --file /tmp/user.csv
2016-05-31T20:11:28.975+0800 connected to : localhost
2016-05-31T20:11:29.003+0800 imported 10 documents
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数据备份 mongodump
参数说明:
-d 数据库名
-c collection名
-o 备份的文件路径
更多参数说明可参考 mongodump –help
例子:把testdb的user备份到/tmp
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mongodump -d testdb -c user -o /tmp
2016-05-31T20:18:25.813+0800 writing testdb. user to /tmp/testdb/ user .bson
2016-05-31T20:18:25.818+0800 writing testdb. user metadata to /tmp/testdb/ user .metadata.json
2016-05-31T20:18:25.849+0800 done dumping testdb. user
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数据恢复 mongorestore
参数说明:
-d 数据库名
-c collection名
更多参数说明可参考 mongorestore –help
导入前先清空collection user
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> db. user . drop ();
true
> db. user .find();
>
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例子:把上例备份的数据恢复
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mongorestore -d testdb -c user /tmp/testdb/ user .bson
2016-05-31T20:21:23.050+0800 checking for collection data in /tmp/testdb/ user .bson
2016-05-31T20:21:23.084+0800 reading metadata file from /tmp/testdb/ user .metadata.json
2016-05-31T20:21:23.088+0800 restoring testdb. user from file /tmp/testdb/ user .bson
2016-05-31T20:21:23.153+0800 restoring indexes for collection testdb. user from metadata
2016-05-31T20:21:23.156+0800 finished restoring testdb. user
2016-05-31T20:21:23.156+0800 done
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感谢阅读,希望能帮助到大家,谢谢大家对本站的支持!