java实现 HTTP/HTTPS请求绕过证书检测代码实现
1、开发需求
需要实现在服务端发起HTTP／HTTPS请求，访问其他程序资源。
2、URLConnection和HTTPClient的比较
HttpClient是个很不错的开源框架，封装了访问http的请求头，参数，内容体，响应等等，
DefaultHttpClient和它的兄弟AndroidHttpClient都是HttpClient具体的实现类，它们都拥有众多的API，而且实现比较稳定，bug数量也很少。
3、使用Apache的HttpClient发送GET和POST请求
1. 使用帮助类HttpClients创建CloseableHttpClient对象.
2. 基于要发送的HTTP请求类型创建HttpGet或者HttpPost实例.
3. 使用addHeader方法添加请求头部,诸如User-Agent, Accept-Encoding等参数.
4. 对于POST请求,创建NameValuePair列表,并添加所有的表单参数.然后把它填充进HttpPost实体.
5. 通过执行此HttpGet或者HttpPost请求获取CloseableHttpResponse实例
6. 从此CloseableHttpResponse实例中获取状态码,错误信息,以及响应页面等等.
7. 最后关闭HttpClient资源.
4、SSL与TLS的区别以及介绍
SSL是Netscape公司所提出的安全保密协议，在浏览器（如Internet Explorer、Netscape Navigator）和Web服务器（如Netscape的Netscape Enterprise Server、ColdFusion Server等等）之间构造安全通道来进行数据传输，SSL运行在TCP/IP层之上、应用层之下，为应用程序提供加密数据通道，它采用了RC4、MD5以及RSA等加密算法，使用40 位的密钥，适用于商业信息的加密。
同时，Netscape公司相应开发了HTTPS协议并内置于其浏览器中。
HTTPS实际上就是HTTP over SSL，它使用默认端口443，而不是像HTTP那样使用端口80来和TCP/IP进行通信。
HTTPS协议使用SSL在发送方把原始数据进行加密，然后在接受方进行解密，加密和解密需要发送方和接受方通过交换共知的密钥来实现，因此，所传送的数据不容易被网络黑客截获和解密。 然而，加密和解密过程需要耗费系统大量的开销，严重降低机器的性能，相关测试数据表明使用HTTPS协议传输数据的工作效率只有使用HTTP协议传输的十分之一。假如为了安全保密，将一个网站所有的Web应用都启用SSL技术来加密，并使用HTTPS协议进行传输，那么该网站的性能和效率将会大大降低，而且没有这个必要，因为一般来说并不是所有数据都要求那么高的安全保密级别。
TLS
安全传输层协议
TLS：Transport Layer Security
安全传输层协议（TLS）用于在两个通信应用程序之间提供保密性和数据完整性。该协议由两层组成： TLS 记录协议（TLS Record）和 TLS 握手协议（TLS Handshake）。较低的层为 TLS 记录协议，位于某个可靠的传输协议（例如 TCP）上面。
5、 post请求封装的工具类
import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.net.URLDecoder;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.security.KeyManagementException;
import java.security.KeyStoreException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry; import com.sun.corba.se.impl.orbutil.threadpool.TimeoutException;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.util.TimeoutController;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import cn.qtone.hjy.service.bean.yd.sync.AccountPasswordInfoSyncItem;
import cn.qtone.hjy.service.bean.yd.sync.OrderInfoSyncItem;
import cn.qtone.hjy.service.bean.yd.sync.YdOrderRelationshipInfoSyncItem;
import cn.qtone.hjy.service.core.DES;
import cn.qtone.hjy.service.dao.YdEduDao;
import cn.qtone.util.SpringUtil;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager; public class HttpClientUtil { static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(HttpClientUtil.class) ; private static RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setSocketTimeout(10000).setConnectTimeout(10000).build();//设置请求和传输超时时间 private static CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault(); public static String send(String httpUrl, String message) throws IOException {
String result = null ;
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(httpUrl);
//设置数据读取超时5s 传输超时5s 链接请求超时5s
RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
.setSocketTimeout(5000)
.setConnectTimeout(5000)
.setConnectionRequestTimeout(5000)
.build();
httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig) ;
message = URLEncoder.encode(message, "UTF-8") ;
StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(message);
httpPost.setEntity(entity);
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpPost);
BufferedReader in = null ;
try {
InputStream content = response.getEntity().getContent() ;
in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(content));
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
String line = "" ;
while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
sb.append(line);
}
result = sb.toString() ;
System.out.println("接收原始报文：" + URLDecoder.decode(result, "UTF-8")) ;
} finally {
EntityUtils.consume(response.getEntity());
response.close();
}
return result ;
} public static String post(String httpUrl, String message) throws Exception {
String result = null ;
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
BufferedReader in = null ;
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(httpUrl);
httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
List <NameValuePair> nvps = new ArrayList <NameValuePair>();
nvps.add(new BasicNameValuePair("tokenId", DES.encrypt(message)));
httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nvps));
try {
System.out.println("发送报文：" + message);
System.out.println("发送报文：" + DES.encrypt(message)) ;
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpPost);
InputStream content = response.getEntity().getContent() ;
in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(content, "UTF-8"));
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
String line = "" ;
while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
sb.append(line);
}
System.out.println("响应报文：" + sb.toString()) ;
//result = URLDecoder.decode(sb.toString(), "UTF-8") ;
//result = DES.decrypt(result) ;
//System.out.println("完成：" + JSONObject.parseObject(result) + "\n");
return result ;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace() ;
} finally {
httpclient.close();
}
return null ;
} /**
* 发起post请求，请求参数以Map集合形式传入，封装到List <NameValuePair> 发起post请求
* @param httpUrl
* @param params
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String post(String httpUrl, Map<String, String> params) throws Exception {
String result = null ;
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = createSSLClientDefault();
//httpclient.
//httpclient.
BufferedReader in = null ;
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(httpUrl);
httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
List <NameValuePair> nvps = new ArrayList <NameValuePair>();
StringBuffer paramsBuf = new StringBuffer() ;
for(Entry<String, String> e : params.entrySet()) {
nvps.add(new BasicNameValuePair(e.getKey(), e.getValue()));
paramsBuf.append("&").append(e.getKey()).append("=").append(e.getValue()) ;
}
httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nvps, "UTF-8"));
try {
// 报文参数27：&id=jn-3-767744&groupPlatProTerminalId=119667&extend=uwJZ8j3CkpGPL4rM5J6KJhjR99O7yAe3BAGLS8ooI8ijNqKHfzTaK6W9wQvjZEVOmWJ3HxFb2O9D
// wDbe3++UiQ==&xxtCode=370000&terminalType=1&role=3&type=3
System.out.println("post请求报文地址：" + httpUrl+"?"+paramsBuf.toString()) ;
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpPost);
InputStream content = response.getEntity().getContent() ;
in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(content, "UTF-8"));
// in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(content, "GBK"));
// in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(content));
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
String line = "" ;
while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
sb.append(line);
}
result = sb.toString() ;
System.out.println("响应报文：" + result) ;
// 响应报文：{"ret":0,"msg":"成功","callbackurl":"https://edu.10086.cn/test-sso/login?service=http%3A%2F%2F112.35.7.169%3A9010%2Feducloud%2Flogin%2Flogin%3Ftype%3D3%26mode%3D1%26groupId%3D4000573%26provincePlatformId%3D54","accesstoken":"2467946a-bee9-4d8c-8cce-d30181073b75"}Í
//记录报文日志
YdEduDao dao = SpringUtil.getBean(YdEduDao.class);
dao.saveCallLog(httpUrl, paramsBuf.toString(), result); // HJY_SERVICE_LOG return result ;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace() ;
} finally {
httpclient.close();
}
return null ;
} public static JSONObject postData(String httpUrl, Object obj) throws Exception {
JSONObject json = null;
try{
String result = post(httpUrl,obj);
json = JSONObject.parseObject(result);
}catch(TimeoutException e){
System.out.println("请求超时了："+httpUrl);
throw e;
}finally {
return json ;
}
} public static String post(String httpUrl, Object obj) throws Exception {
Map<String, String> params = getParamData(obj);
String result = null ; try {
result = post(httpUrl,params);
return result ;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace() ;
} finally {
httpclient.close();
}
return null ;
} private static Map<String, String> getParamData(Object obj) { Class cla = obj.getClass();
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
Method[] methods = cla.getDeclaredMethods();
try {
for (Method m : methods) {
String mname = m.getName();
if (mname.startsWith("get")) {
String name = mname.substring(3, mname.length());// 截取字段
name = name.substring(0, 1).toLowerCase()
+ name.substring(1, name.length());// 把首字母变小写
String value = m.invoke(obj)==null?"":m.invoke(obj).toString();
if(cla.equals(YdOrderRelationshipInfoSyncItem.class)&&name.equals("unionId")&&(value==null||value.equals(""))){
continue;
}
map.put(name,value);// 取值
} }
Class superclass = cla.getSuperclass();
while (!superclass.equals(Object.class)) {
Method[] superclassmethods = superclass.getDeclaredMethods();
for (Method m : superclassmethods) {
String mname = m.getName();
if (mname.startsWith("get")) {
String name = mname.substring(3, mname.length());// 截取字段
name = name.substring(0, 1).toLowerCase()
+ name.substring(1, name.length());// 把首字母变小写
String value = m.invoke(obj)==null?"":m.invoke(obj).toString(); if((cla.equals(OrderInfoSyncItem.class)||cla.equals(AccountPasswordInfoSyncItem.class)||cla.equals(YdOrderRelationshipInfoSyncItem.class))&&name.equals("operation"))
continue; map.put(name,value);// 取值
} }
superclass = superclass.getSuperclass(); }
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} return map;
}
public static CloseableHttpClient createSSLClientDefault(){
try {
//SSLContext sslContext = new SSLContextBuilder().loadTrustMaterial(null, new TrustStrategy() {
// 在JSSE中，证书信任管理器类就是实现了接口X509TrustManager的类。我们可以自己实现该接口，让它信任我们指定的证书。
// 创建SSLContext对象，并使用我们指定的信任管理器初始化
//信任所有
X509TrustManager x509mgr = new X509TrustManager() {
// 该方法检查客户端的证书，若不信任该证书则抛出异常
public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] xcs, String string) {
}
// 该方法检查服务端的证书，若不信任该证书则抛出异常
public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] xcs, String string) {
}
// 返回受信任的X509证书数组。
public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
return null;
}
};
SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
sslContext.init(null, new TrustManager[] { x509mgr }, null);
////创建HttpsURLConnection对象，并设置其SSLSocketFactory对象
SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext, SSLConnectionSocketFactory.ALLOW_ALL_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER);
// HttpsURLConnection对象就可以正常连接HTTPS了，无论其证书是否经权威机构的验证，只要实现了接口X509TrustManager的类MyX509TrustManager信任该证书。
return HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build();
} catch (KeyManagementException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// 创建默认的httpClient实例.
return HttpClients.createDefault();
}
}
另外，在针对http进行升级时，在HTTPS的证书未经权威机构认证的情况下，访问HTTPS站点的两种方法，一种方法是把该证书导入到Java的TrustStore文件中，另一种是自己实现并覆盖JSSE缺省的证书信任管理器类。两种方法各有优缺点，第一种方法不会影响JSSE的安全性，但需要手工导入证书；第二种方法虽然不用手工导入证书，但需要小心使用，否则会带来一些安全隐患。