GitHub 简易使用

笔记内容

学习笔记-段玉磊 Github

Github 命令

写这篇文章主要写一下如何运用终端命令，进行Git的配置以及使用，由于本人我不太习惯使用图形IDE，效率没有命令行高，我还是推荐使用命令行进行Git的使用。

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简单介绍

简要说一下Git，Git只是一个版本控制工具，举例来说，我之前写一个多核归并算法，将文件保存命名为MergeSort.c，由于发现一个Bug，将一段段代码注释，显得很糟乱，之后就把自认为错误的代码删掉，保存后，发现之前删掉的代码没有错误，想返回的时候却没有办法回去了。这就要用到Git了。

如果想要删代码的时候，先把代码上传一下，通过 git push，之后就算把代码全部删掉，也可以通过Git返回上一个时间点，如果修改多次，返回第一次修改的时间点的代码，也可以顺利的看到。

由于Git需要一个服务器，进行上传或者下载代码，因此，Github就是一个免费服务器，注册账户后就可以通过Github的IDE管理代码，并且清晰看到每个git commit后显示修改的代码。

GitHub的配置

安装并且配置 Git

首先去官方网站下载GitHub App，我是MAC用户，MAC的GitHub 选项中可以自动安装 Git 和 osxkeychain helper ，如果是Linux可能需要手动安装 Git 和 osxkeychain helper.

如果没有安装Git，就通过官方下载Git版本管理工具，下载并且安装最新版本的Git.

安装好后通过以下命令来配置Git。下面的命令是我用我的用户名和邮箱进行设置。只配置一次就够了，当然不会每次配置用户名密码这么麻烦。

$ git config --global user.name "YuLei"
$ git config --global user.email "[e-mail]"

如果是MAC，利用IDE自动装好Git帮助选项，就不需要通过命令行安装osxkeychain，上面命令配置好后，安装osxkeychain，通过以下命令：

$ git credential-osxkeychain
# Test for the cred helper
  git: 'credential-osxkeychain' is not a git command. See 'git --help'.
$ curl -s -O \
  https://github-media-downloads.s3.amazonaws.com/osx/git-credential-osxkeychain
# Download the helper

$ chmod u+x git-credential-osxkeychain
# Fix the permissions on the file so it can be run

$ sudo mv git-credential-osxkeychain \
  "$(dirname $(which git))/git-credential-osxkeychain"
# Move the helper to the path where git is installed
  Password: [enter your password]

$  git config --global credential.helper osxkeychain
# Set git to use the osxkeychain credential helper

这样就配置好GitHub了。

GitHub 的基本使用

首先通过Git，新建一个项目，并且提交到Github上面去，现在IDE创建一个repository，然后找到giturl，通过 git clone下载到本地。

$ git clone https://github.com/dyulei/blog.git
# 克隆到本地，但是无法上传更改，需要权限

$ mkdir Github & cd Github
# 创建在本地管理远程项目的目录

$ touch README.md
# 创建一个文件，由于Github需要一个说明文件

$ git add .
# 增加要同步的目录中的所有文件

$ git commit -m 'first commit'
$ git commit -a 

# -m是手动添加， -a 自动添加注释上传更新

$ git remote add Blog https://github.com/dyulei/blog.git
# 远程服务器别名：Blog 上传的地址：https://github.com/dyulei/blog.git

$ git pull -u Blog master
# 将服务器数据下载到本地文件夹

$ git push -u Blog master
# 将服务器数据上传到远程服务器

$ git rm README.md
# 从本地库中删除文件

关于分支版本的操作，创建并且合并分支，由于Git很多时候是一个团队在用，每个人都负责一小部分，最后合成一大部分，所以就要通过分支控制，最后进行合并。当然下面的代码是最容易的部分，GitHub具有相当强大的功能在分支版本控制上面。

$ git branch
# 显示当前分支是master

$ git branch new-feature
# 创建分支

$ git checkout new-feature
# 切换到新分支中

$ git add sort.c
$ git commit -a
$ git push origin new-feature
# 将分支结构提交到远程服务器，但是没有和主干进行合并

$ git checkout master
# 切换的主干中去
$ git merge new-feature
# 把分支合并到主干中去
$ git branch
$ git push
# 此时主干和分支已经合并

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About Me

• 微博 ：@Levi-小磊
• 邮箱 ：[e-mail]
• GitHub： https://github.com/dyulei

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