迭代Ruby中深度嵌套的哈希级别

So I have a hash, and for each level of the hash, I want to store its key and value. The problem is, a value can be another hash array. Furthermore, that hash can contain key value pairs where the value is again another hash array, etc, etc. Also, I won't know how deeply nested each hash will be. To give an example:

所以我有一个哈希，对于每个哈希级别，我想存储它的键和值。问题是，值可以是另一个哈希数组。此外，该哈希可以包含键值对，其中值又是另一个哈希数组等等。另外，我不知道每个哈希的嵌套程度有多深。举个例子：

{
  :key1 => 'value1',
  :key2 => 'value2',
  :key3 => {
     :key4 => 'value4',
     :key5 => 'value5'
   },
    :key6 => {
      :key7 => 'value7',
      :key8 => {
        :key9 => 'value9'
      }
    }
  }

..And so on. What I want to do is save each key, value pair and the id of its parent. I figure this will probably be done recursively, I'm just unsure how because I'm unfamiliar with recursive functions. I know how to iterate through the data normally:

..等等。我想要做的是保存每个键，值对和其父级的ID。我认为这可能是递归完成的，我只是不确定如何因为我不熟悉递归函数。我知道如何正常迭代数据：

  myHash.each {|key, value|
    ...Do something with the key and value ...
  }

And so I'm guessing the recursive call will be something like this:

所以我猜测递归调用将是这样的：

def save_pair (myHash)
  myHash.each {|key, value|
    if(value.class != Hash) ? Pair.create(key, value) : save_pair(value)
  }
end

This is untested, and I'm still unsure how to incorporate saving the parent ids regardless.

这是未经测试的，我仍然不确定如何合并保存父ID。

7 个解决方案

#1

If I understand the goal, then you should be able to pass in the parent to your save method. For the top level, it will be nil. The following shows the idea where puts is used as a place holder for the "save".

如果我理解了目标，那么您应该能够将父级传递给save方法。对于*，它将是零。以下显示了将puts用作“保存”的占位符的想法。

def save_pair(parent, myHash)
  myHash.each {|key, value|
    value.is_a?(Hash) ? save_pair(key, value) :
            puts("parent=#{parent.nil? ? 'none':parent}, (#{key}, #{value})")
  }
end

Here is an example call to it:

以下是对它的示例调用：

hash = Hash.new
hash["key1"] = "value1"
hash["key2"] = "value2"
hash["key3"] = Hash.new
hash["key3"]["key4"] = "value4"
hash["key3"]["key5"] = "value5"
hash["key6"] = Hash.new
hash["key6"]["key7"] = "value7"
hash["key6"]["key8"] = Hash.new
hash["key6"]["key8"]["key9"] = "value9"

save_pair(nil, hash)

#2

I know this is a late reply, but I just implemented a non-recursive solution to your problem and thought it is worth sharing.

我知道这是一个迟到的回复，但我刚刚为你的问题实现了一个非递归的解决方案，并认为值得分享。

class Hash
  def deep_traverse(&block)
    stack = self.map{ |k,v| [ [k], v ] }
    while not stack.empty?
      key, value = stack.pop
      yield(key, value)
      if value.is_a? Hash
        value.each{ |k,v| stack.push [ key.dup << k, v ] }
      end
    end
  end
end

Then, coming back to your original problem, you can do:

然后，回到原来的问题，你可以这样做：

h = {
  :key1 => 'value1',
  :key2 => 'value2',
  :key3 => {
     :key4 => 'value4',
     :key5 => 'value5'
  },
  :key6 => {
    :key7 => 'value7',
    :key8 => {
      :key9 => 'value9'
    }
  }
}
h.deep_traverse{ |path,value| p [ path, value ] }
# => [[:key6], {:key7=>"value7", :key8=>{:key9=>"value9"}}]
#    [[:key6, :key8], {:key9=>"value9"}]
#    [[:key6, :key8, :key9], "value9"]
#    [[:key6, :key7], "value7"]
#    [[:key3], {:key4=>"value4", :key5=>"value5"}]
#    [[:key3, :key5], "value5"]
#    [[:key3, :key4], "value4"]
#    [[:key2], "value2"]
#    [[:key1], "value1"]

There is also a gist version.

还有一个要点版本。

#3

class Hash
  def each_with_parent(parent=nil, &blk)
    each do |k, v|
      Hash === v ? v.each_with_parent(k, &blk) : blk.call([parent, k, v])
    end
  end
end

h = { :a => 1, :b => { :c => 3, :d => 4, :e => { :f => 5 } } }

h.each_with_parent { |i| p i }
# [nil, :a, 1]
# [:b, :c, 3]
# [:b, :d, 4]
# [:e, :f, 5]

#4

Here is recursive (read improved) version of Hash::each(Hash::each_pair) with block and enumerator support:

这是具有块和枚举器支持的Hash :: each（Hash :: each_pair）的递归（读改进）版本：

module HashRecursive
    refine Hash do
        def each(recursive=false, &block)
            if recursive
                Enumerator.new do |yielder|
                    self.map do |key, value|
                        value.each(recursive=true).map{ |key_next, value_next| yielder << [[key, key_next].flatten, value_next] } if value.is_a?(Hash)
                        yielder << [[key], value]
                    end
                end.entries.each(&block)
            else
                super(&block)
            end
        end
        alias_method(:each_pair, :each)
    end
end

using HashRecursive

Here are usage examples of Hash::each with and without recursive flag:

以下是Hash :: each的使用示例，每个都有和没有递归标志：

hash = {
    :a => {
        :b => {
            :c => 1,
            :d => [2, 3, 4]
        },
        :e => 5
    },
    :f => 6
}

p hash.each, hash.each {}, hash.each.size
# #<Enumerator: {:a=>{:b=>{:c=>1, :d=>[2, 3, 4]}, :e=>5}, :f=>6}:each>
# {:a=>{:b=>{:c=>1, :d=>[2, 3, 4]}, :e=>5}, :f=>6}
# 2

p hash.each(true), hash.each(true) {}, hash.each(true).size
# #<Enumerator: [[[:a, :b, :c], 1], [[:a, :b, :d], [2, 3, 4]], [[:a, :b], {:c=>1, :d=>[2, 3, 4]}], [[:a, :e], 5], [[:a], {:b=>{:c=>1, :d=>[2, 3, 4]}, :e=>5}], [[:f], 6]]:each>
# [[[:a, :b, :c], 1], [[:a, :b, :d], [2, 3, 4]], [[:a, :b], {:c=>1, :d=>[2, 3, 4]}], [[:a, :e], 5], [[:a], {:b=>{:c=>1, :d=>[2, 3, 4]}, :e=>5}], [[:f], 6]]
# 6

hash.each do |key, value|
    puts "#{key} => #{value}"
end
# a => {:b=>{:c=>1, :d=>[2, 3, 4]}, :e=>5}
# f => 6

hash.each(true) do |key, value|
    puts "#{key} => #{value}"
end
# [:a, :b, :c] => 1
# [:a, :b, :d] => [2, 3, 4]
# [:a, :b] => {:c=>1, :d=>[2, 3, 4]}
# [:a, :e] => 5
# [:a] => {:b=>{:c=>1, :d=>[2, 3, 4]}, :e=>5}
# [:f] => 6

hash.each_pair(recursive=true) do |key, value|
    puts "#{key} => #{value}" unless value.is_a?(Hash)
end
# [:a, :b, :c] => 1
# [:a, :b, :d] => [2, 3, 4]
# [:a, :e] => 5
# [:f] => 6

Here is example from the question itself:

以下是问题本身的示例：

hash = {
    :key1   =>  'value1',
    :key2   =>  'value2',
    :key3   =>  {
        :key4   =>  'value4',
        :key5   =>  'value5'
    },
    :key6   =>  {
        :key7   =>  'value7',
        :key8   =>  {
            :key9   =>  'value9'
        }
    }
}

hash.each_pair(recursive=true) do |key, value|
    puts "#{key} => #{value}" unless value.is_a?(Hash)
end
# [:key1] => value1
# [:key2] => value2
# [:key3, :key4] => value4
# [:key3, :key5] => value5
# [:key6, :key7] => value7
# [:key6, :key8, :key9] => value9

Also take a look at my recursive version of Hash::merge(Hash::merge!) here.

另外在这里看看我的Hash :: merge（Hash :: merge！）的递归版本。

#5

Have you tried something like that?

你尝试过类似的东西吗？

trios = []

def save_trio(hash, parent = nil)
  hash.each do |key, value|
    value.kind_of?(Hash) ? save_trio(value, key) : trios << {:key => key, :value => value, :parent => parent}
  end
end

save_trio(myHash)

#6

This should do for JSON well. Minor enhancements to Mark's code where it converts everything to uppercase in a given hash:

这应该适用于JSON。 Mark代码的一些小改进，它将给定哈希中的所有内容转换为大写：

def capitalize_hash(myHash)
    myHash.each {|key, value|
        puts "isHash: #{value.is_a?(Hash)}: " + value.to_s
        value.is_a?(Hash) ? capitalize_hash(value) : ( value.is_a?(Array) ? (myHash[key] = capitalize_array(value)) : (myHash[key] = value.try(:upcase)))
    }
end

def capitalize_array(myArray)
    myArray.each {|value|
        puts "isHash: #{value.is_a?(Hash)}: " + value.to_s
        value.is_a?(Array) ? capitalize_array(value) : ( value.is_a?(Hash) ? capitalize_hash(value) : value.try(:upcase))
    }
end

#7

I recomend to use #deep_locate of hashie gem https://www.rubydoc.info/github/intridea/hashie/Hashie/Extensions/DeepLocate#deep_locate-instance_method

我建议使用hashie gem的#deep_locate https://www.rubydoc.info/github/intridea/hashie/Hashie/Extensions/DeepLo​​cate#deep_locate-instance_method

little bit hacky always return false not to seeking

有点hacky总是返回虚假而不是寻求

hash.extend(Hashie::Extensions::DeepLocate)
hash.deep_locate -> (key, value, object) do 
  # what you want to do here!
  # key: hash key
  # value: hash value
  # object: hash_object
  false # prevent to stop seeking
end