题目链接:https://www.nowcoder.com/acm/contest/143/F
空间限制:C/C++ 262144K,其他语言524288K
64bit IO Format: %lld
题目描述
Kanade has n boxes , the i-th box has p[i] probability to have an diamond of d[i] size.
At the beginning , Kanade has a diamond of 0 size. She will open the boxes from 1-st to n-th. When she open a box,if there is a diamond in it and it's bigger than the diamond of her , she will replace it with her diamond.
Now you need to calculate the expect number of replacements.
You only need to output the answer module 998244353.
Notice: If x%998244353=y*d %998244353 ,then we denote that x/y%998244353 =d%998244353
输入描述:
The first line has one integer n. Then there are n lines. each line has two integers p[i]*100 and d[i].
输出描述:
Output the answer module 998244353
输入
3
50 1
50 2
50 3
输出
499122178
备注:
1<= n <= 100000 1<=p[i]*100 <=100 1<=d[i]<=10^9
题意:
有n个盒子,每个盒子里有p[i]的概率有一颗d[i]大小的钻石,Kanade现在手上有一颗0大小的钻石,他遇到比手上大的钻石就会进行交换,
现在Kanade从1~n打开盒子,计算交换次数的期望。
Notice:
If x%998244353=y*d %998244353 ,then we denote that x/y%998244353 =d%998244353
这句话提示我们如何用整数表示小数,我们定 (p/100)%998244353 = d%998244353,这个d满足 (100*d)%998244353 = p%998244353,
这个整数d,就相当于p/100。
题解:
对于第 i 个盒子,选取这颗钻石进行交换的概率是:前面 1 ~ i-1 颗钻石中比这颗大的那些,都没有出现的概率,乘上当前这颗钻石出现的概率,
即 $p\left[ i \right]\prod\limits_{j < i,d\left[ i \right] < d\left[ j \right]} {\left( {1 - p\left[ j \right]} \right)}$,
而交换次数的期望,就等于求和:“每个盒子交换的概率乘以交换1次(数值上就等于概率)”。
但是不可能 $O\left( {n^2 } \right)$ 过,所以考虑前缀优化,我们可以用树状数组维护原序列的前缀积,
再把盒子按 $d\left[ i \right]$ 降序排序,然后进行枚举,
此时,对于第 i 个盒子,比体积它大的都已经计算过了,都存在树状数组里了,就可以直接查询。
(参考:https://www.nowcoder.com/discuss/89992?type=101&order=0&pos=1&page=0)
AC代码:
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
const int maxn=+;
const ll MOD=; int n;
struct Box{
ll p,d;
int id;
}box[maxn];
bool cmp(Box a,Box b)
{
if(a.d==b.d) return a.id<b.id;
return a.d>b.d;
} struct _BIT //单点增加,区间查询
{
int n;
ll C[maxn];
int lowbit(int x){return x&(-x);}
void init(int n)
{
this->n=n;
for(int i=;i<=n;i++) C[i]=;
}
void add(int pos,ll val) //在pos点乘上val
{
while(pos<=n)
{
C[pos]=C[pos]*val%MOD;
pos+=lowbit(pos);
}
}
ll ask(int pos) //查询1~pos点的积
{
ll ret=;
while(pos>)
{
ret=ret*C[pos]%MOD;
pos-=lowbit(pos);
}
return ret;
}
}BIT; ll pow(ll a,ll b) //快速幂
{
ll r=,base=a%MOD;
while(b){
if(b&) r*=base , r%=MOD;
base*=base;
base%=MOD;
b>>=;
}
return r;
}
ll inv(ll a){return pow(a,MOD-);} //求逆元 int main()
{
cin>>n;
BIT.init(n);
for(int i=;i<=n;i++)
{
cin>>box[i].p>>box[i].d;
box[i].id=i;
}
sort(box+,box+n+,cmp); ll inv100=inv();
ll ans=;
for(int i=;i<=n;i++)
{
ans+=(box[i].p*inv100)%MOD * BIT.ask(box[i].id-)%MOD;
ans%=MOD;
BIT.add(box[i].id,(-box[i].p)*inv100%MOD);
}
cout<<ans<<endl;
}