SQL Server 2008：找出表中的主键/外键？

Does anyone know how I can see which are the primary & foreign keys in a table?

有谁知道我怎么能看到表中的主键和外键是什么?

EDIT: Thanks for all the responses. I was looking for a SQL Query to do that. Right now I'm playing around with writing a tool which can list me all Tables of a DB and show the columns. I'd like to display also which of the keys are primary keys.

编辑:感谢所有的回复。我正在寻找一个SQL查询来做到这一点。现在我正在玩写一个工具,可以列出所有数据库表并显示列。我还要显示哪些键是主键。

This is how I read out the Table Catalog:

这就是我读出表目录的方式:

const string sqlSelectTable = "SELECT  TABLE_CATALOG, TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME, TABLE_TYPE " +
                                      "FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES " +
                                      "WHERE TABLE_TYPE = 'BASE TABLE' " +
                                      "ORDER BY TABLE_TYPE,TABLE_NAME";

And this is how I get the Infos about a Column:

这就是我如何获得有关列的信息:

const string sqlSelectTable =
            "SELECT     COLUMN_NAME, DATA_TYPE, CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH " +
            "FROM         INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS " +
            "WHERE     (TABLE_NAME = @TABLE_NAME) " +
            "ORDER BY ORDINAL_POSITION";

Would I have to create a Inner-Join so see which of the Columns are Primary Key?

我是否必须创建内部联接,以便查看哪些列是主键?

Cheers

5 个解决方案

#1

For the primary key on each table, you can use this query:

对于每个表上的主键,您可以使用此查询:

SELECT
    kc.name,
    c.NAME
FROM 
    sys.key_constraints kc
INNER JOIN 
    sys.index_columns ic ON kc.parent_object_id = ic.object_id
INNER JOIN 
    sys.columns c ON ic.object_id = c.object_id AND ic.column_id = c.column_id
WHERE
    kc.type = 'PK'

and for the foreign key, I believe this query should get you the necessary information:

对于外键,我相信这个查询应该为您提供必要的信息:

SELECT
    OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id) 'Parent table',
    c.NAME 'Parent column name',
    OBJECT_NAME(referenced_object_id) 'Referenced table',
    cref.NAME 'Referenced column name'
FROM 
    sys.foreign_key_columns fkc
INNER JOIN 
    sys.columns c 
       ON fkc.parent_column_id = c.column_id 
          AND fkc.parent_object_id = c.object_id
INNER JOIN 
    sys.columns cref 
       ON fkc.referenced_column_id = cref.column_id 
          AND fkc.referenced_object_id = cref.object_id

Marc

#2

see the Querying the SQL Server System Catalog FAQ, How do I find the columns of a primary key for a specified table? and How do I find the columns of a foreign key for a specified table?

请参阅查询SQL Server系统目录常见问题解答,如何查找指定表的主键列?如何找到指定表的外键列?

EDIT: if you want to do it programmatically (which is not clear from your question), that is.

编辑:如果你想以编程方式(从你的问题不清楚),这是。

#3

In Management Studio, expand the table and then expand the Columns item. The primary key(s) has a key icon next to them.

在Management Studio中,展开表格,然后展开“列”项。主键旁边有一个键图标。

To see the foreign keys, expand the Constraints item.

要查看外键,请展开“约束”项。

#4

You can start with:

你可以从:

SELECT 
   Table_Name as [TableName], 
   Column_Name as [ColumnName],
   Constraint_Name as [Constraint], 
   Table_Schema as [Schema]
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE
ORDER BY 
   [TableName], 
   [ColumnName]

(you can filter then by tableName)

(你可以通过tableName过滤)

#5

SELECT
OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id) 'Parent table',
c.NAME 'Parent column name',
OBJECT_NAME(referenced_object_id) 'Referenced table',
cref.NAME 'Referenced column name'
FROM 
sys.foreign_key_columns fkc 
INNER JOIN 
sys.columns c 
   ON fkc.parent_column_id = c.column_id 
      AND fkc.parent_object_id = c.object_id
INNER JOIN 
sys.columns cref 
   ON fkc.referenced_column_id = cref.column_id 
      AND fkc.referenced_object_id = cref.object_id  where OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id) = 'tablename'

If you want to get the foreign key relation of all the tables exclude the where clause else write your tablename instead of tablename

如果要获取所有表的外键关系,请排除where子句,否则请写入tablename而不是tablename

#1