要了解事务配置的所有方法,请看一下《Spring事务配置的5种方法》
本文介绍两种配置方法:
一、XML,使用tx标签配置拦截器实现事务
二、Annotation方式
以下所使用环境为Spring4.0.3、Hibernate4.3.5
一、 XML,使用tx标签配置拦截器实现事务
Entity类User.java,持久化类,对应数据库表user
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package com.lei.demo.entity;
import javax.persistence.*;
@Entity (name= "users" )
public class Users {
public Users(){
super ();
}
@Id
@GeneratedValue (strategy=GenerationType.AUTO)
@Column (name= "id" )
private Integer id;
@Column (name= "user_name" ,length= 32 )
private String user_name;
@Column (name= "age" )
private Integer age;
@Column (name= "nice_name" ,length= 32 )
private String nice_name;
//属性实现......
}
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UserDAO.javar,表user的一些操作,其中属性sessionFactory应该由Spring注入,如下:
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package com.lei.demo.dao;
import java.util.List;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import org.hibernate.Query;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import com.lei.demo.entity.Users;
public class UsersDAO {
private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
public void setSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory) {
this .sessionFactory = sessionFactory;
}
public SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {
return sessionFactory;
}
public List<Users> getAllUser(){
String hsql= "from users" ;
Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
Query query = session.createQuery(hsql);
return query.list();
}
}
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UserService.java,业务实现类,如下
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package com.lei.demo.service;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Isolation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import com.lei.demo.dao.*;
public class UserService {
private UsersDAO userDao;
public int userCount(){
return userDao.getAllUser().size();
}
public UsersDAO getUserDao() {
return userDao;
}
public void setUserDao(UsersDAO userDao) {
this .userDao = userDao;
}
}
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首先看一下xml配置,spring-hibernate.xml如下:
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>
< beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:tx = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:aop = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
">
<!-- Hibernate4 -->
<!-- 加载资源文件 其中包含变量信息,必须在Spring配置文件的最前面加载,即第一个加载-->
< context:property-placeholder location = "classpath:persistence-mysql.properties" />
< bean id = "sessionFactory"
class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
< property name = "dataSource" ref = "dataSource" />
< property name = "packagesToScan" >
< list >
<!-- 可以加多个包 -->
< value >com.lei.demo.entity</ value >
</ list >
</ property >
< property name = "hibernateProperties" >
< props >
< prop key = "hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" >${hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto}</ prop >
< prop key = "hibernate.dialect" >${hibernate.dialect}</ prop >
< prop key = "hibernate.show_sql" >${hibernate.show_sql}</ prop >
<!-- <prop key="hibernate.current_session_context_class">thread</prop> -->
</ props >
</ property >
</ bean >
<!-- 数据库映射 -->
< bean id = "dataSource" class = "org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource" >
< property name = "driverClassName" value = "${jdbc.driverClassName}" />
< property name = "url" value = "${jdbc.url}" />
< property name = "username" value = "${jdbc.user}" />
< property name = "password" value = "${jdbc.pass}" />
</ bean >
<!-- 配置Hibernate事务管理器 -->
< bean id = "transactionManager"
class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager" >
< property name = "sessionFactory" ref = "sessionFactory" />
</ bean >
<!-- 配置事务异常封装 -->
< bean id = "persistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor"
class = "org.springframework.dao.annotation.PersistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor" />
<!-- 声明式容器事务管理 ,transaction-manager指定事务管理器为transactionManager -->
< tx:advice id = "txAdvice" transaction-manager = "transactionManager" >
< tx:attributes >
< tx:method name = "add*" propagation = "REQUIRED" />
< tx:method name = "get*" propagation = "REQUIRED" />
< tx:method name = "*" read-only = "true" />
</ tx:attributes >
</ tx:advice >
< aop:config expose-proxy = "true" >
<!-- 只对业务逻辑层实施事务 -->
< aop:pointcut id = "txPointcut" expression = "execution(* com.lei.demo.service..*.*(..))" />
<!-- Advisor定义,切入点和通知分别为txPointcut、txAdvice -->
< aop:advisor pointcut-ref = "txPointcut" advice-ref = "txAdvice" />
</ aop:config >
</ beans >
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其中主要配置中是tx:advice和aop:config两个配置节,以Spring AOP的方式实现事务管理。
tx:advice配置了事务的管理者是transactionManager,同时tx:method也规定了如果方法名匹配“add*”和“get*”方法时使用事务,propagation是设定事务的传播级别。除了“add*”和“get*”方法,其他的方法的事务是只读的(典型地,对于只执行查询的事务你会将该属性设为true,如果出现了更新、插入或是删除语句时只读事务就会失败)
aop:config指定了一个aop:pointcut去引用上边的advice。
这样就通过AOP的拦截机制实现了事务,当然你还要用Spring的方式自己配置UserDAO和UserService。
二、Annotation方式
第一步,首先看一下web.xml,如下:
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>
< web-app xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns = "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:web = "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
id = "WebApp_ID" version = "3.0" >
< display-name >Archetype Created Web Application</ display-name >
< context-param >
< param-name >contextConfigLocation</ param-name >
< param-value >classpath:/spring-*.xml</ param-value >
</ context-param >
< listener >
< listener-class >org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</ listener-class >
</ listener >
< servlet >
< servlet-name >lei-dispatcher</ servlet-name >
< servlet-class >org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</ servlet-class >
< init-param >
< param-name >contextConfigLocation</ param-name >
< param-value >classpath:/lei-dispatcher-servlet.xml</ param-value >
</ init-param >
< load-on-startup >1</ load-on-startup >
</ servlet >
< servlet-mapping >
< servlet-name >lei-dispatcher</ servlet-name >
< url-pattern >/</ url-pattern >
</ servlet-mapping >
</ web-app >
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第二步,spring-hibernate配置,见以下spring-hibernate.xml配置
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>
< beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:tx = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:aop = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
">
<!-- Hibernate4 -->
<!-- 加载资源文件 其中包含变量信息,必须在Spring配置文件的最前面加载,即第一个加载-->
< context:property-placeholder location = "classpath:persistence-mysql.properties" />
< bean id = "sessionFactory"
class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
< property name = "dataSource" ref = "dataSource" />
< property name = "packagesToScan" >
< list >
<!-- 可以加多个包 -->
< value >com.lei.demo.entity</ value >
</ list >
</ property >
< property name = "hibernateProperties" >
< props >
< prop key = "hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" >${hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto}</ prop >
< prop key = "hibernate.dialect" >${hibernate.dialect}</ prop >
< prop key = "hibernate.show_sql" >${hibernate.show_sql}</ prop >
<!-- <prop key="hibernate.current_session_context_class">thread</prop> -->
</ props >
</ property >
</ bean >
<!-- 数据库映射 -->
<!-- class="org.apache.tomcat.dbcp.dbcp.BasicDataSource" -->
<!-- class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource" -->
< bean id = "dataSource" class = "org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource" >
< property name = "driverClassName" value = "${jdbc.driverClassName}" />
< property name = "url" value = "${jdbc.url}" />
< property name = "username" value = "${jdbc.user}" />
< property name = "password" value = "${jdbc.pass}" />
</ bean >
<!-- 配置Hibernate事务管理器 -->
< bean id = "transactionManager"
class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager" >
< property name = "sessionFactory" ref = "sessionFactory" />
</ bean >
<!-- 配置事务异常封装 -->
< bean id = "persistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor"
class = "org.springframework.dao.annotation.PersistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor" />
</ beans >
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第一节中xml配置事务中需要通过配置tx:advice和aop:config来增加事务的功能。此处采用全注释方法,这两个配置节就不需要了。
相应的需要在视图解析配置中启用注释,如下lei-dispatcher-servlet.xml
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>
< beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:p = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:tx = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
">
<!-- 启动自动扫描 该包下所有的Bean(@Controller) -->
< context:component-scan base-package = "com.lei.demo" />
<!-- 基于注释的事务,当注释中发现@Transactional时,使用id为“transactionManager”的事务管理器 -->
<!-- 如果没有设置transaction-manager的值,则spring以缺省默认的事务管理器来处理事务,默认事务管理器为第一个加载的事务管理器 -->
< tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager = "transactionManager" />
<!-- 定义视图解析器 -->
< bean class = "org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" >
< property name = "prefix" >
< value >/WEB-INF/user/</ value >
</ property >
< property name = "suffix" >
< value >.jsp</ value >
</ property >
</ bean >
</ beans >
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UserDAO如下
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package com.lei.demo.dao;
import java.util.List;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import org.hibernate.Query;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import com.lei.demo.entity.Users;
@Repository
public class UsersDAO {
@Resource (name= "sessionFactory" )
private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
public void setSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory) {
this .sessionFactory = sessionFactory;
}
public SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {
return sessionFactory;
}
public List<Users> getAllUser(){
String hsql= "from users" ;
Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
Query query = session.createQuery(hsql);
return query.list();
}
}
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UserService.java如下
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package com.lei.demo.service;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Isolation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import com.lei.demo.dao.*;
@Service ( "userService" )
public class UserService {
@Resource
private UsersDAO userDao;
@Transactional
public int userCount(){
return userDao.getAllUser().size();
}
public UsersDAO getUserDao() {
return userDao;
}
public void setUserDao(UsersDAO userDao) {
this .userDao = userDao;
}
}
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这里,方法名userCount上加入@Transactional,说明这个方法要启用事务。如果类名UserService上加入@Transactional,则表明这个类中的所有方法都会启用事务。
如果配有多个transactionManager,例如配置有transactionManager1,和transactionManager2,则可以通过@Transactional(“transactionManager1”),的方式指定使用哪个数据源的事务。
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。
原文链接:http://www.cnblogs.com/leiOOlei/p/3725911.html