python学习五

打包代码与数据

数据结构要与数据匹配，数据结构影响代码的复杂性

列表

集合

字典

#创建与初始化

cleese={}

cleese2=dict()

cleese["name"]="luocaimin"

cleese["times"]=["2.2","2:25","2.12","2.08"]

palin={"Name":"Michael Palin","Occupation":["comedian","actor","writer","tv"]}

print(palin["Occupation"][-1])

eg:

import os

FileName="F:\\book\\python\\headfirst python book&&code\\code\\chapter6\\data\\sarah2.txt"

def sanitize(time_string):
    if ":" in time_string:
        min,sec=time_string.split(":")
    elif "-" in time_string:
        min,sec=time_string.split("-")

if 'min' in locals():
        return min+"."+sec
    else:
        return time_string

def get_coach_data(fileName):
        try:
                with open(fileName) as f:
                    data=f.readline().strip().split(',')
          #字典的创建与初始化
                cachData={"name":data.pop(0),"dob":data.pop(0),"times":str([sorted(set([sanitize(item) for item in data]))[0:3]])}
                return cachData
        except IOError as err:
                print("File error "+str(err))
                return (None)

sportRecord=get_coach_data(FileName)
#字典的访问

print(sportRecord["name"]+"'s fastest times are:"+str(sportRecord["times"]))

类:

import os

FileName="F:\\book\\python\\headfirst python book&&code\\code\\chapter6\\data\\sarah2.txt"

def sanitize(time_string):
     if ":" in time_string:
          min,sec=time_string.split(":")
     elif "-" in time_string:
          min,sec=time_string.split("-")
    
     if 'min' in locals():
          return min+"."+sec
     else:
          return time_string

class Athlete:

     #__init__是每个类必须具有的方法，用来初始化实例

     #每个方法的第一个参数必须是self,调用的时候会把发起调用的实例赋值给self

     def __init__(self,a_name,a_dob=None,a_times=[]):
          self.name=a_name
          self.dob=a_dob
          self.times=a_times
     def top3(self):
          return sorted(set([sanitize(item) for item in self.times]))[0:3]
     def add_time(self,t):
          self.times.append(t)
     def add_times(self,ts):
          self.times.extend(ts)

def get_coach_data(fileName):
     try:
          with open(fileName) as f:
               data=f.readline().strip().split(',')
          return Athlete(data.pop(0),data.pop(0),data)
     except IOError as err:
          print("File error "+str(err))
          return (None)

sportRecord=get_coach_data(FileName)

print(sportRecord.name+"'s fastest times are:"+str(sportRecord.top3()))

sportRecord.add_time("2.17")
print(sportRecord.name+"'s fastest times are:"+str(sportRecord.top3()))

sportRecord.add_times(["2.15","2.16"])
print(sportRecord.name+"'s fastest times are:"+str(sportRecord.top3()))

BIF:type()

继承：可以从任何内置类型继承，支持多继承

import os

FileName="F:\\book\\python\\headfirst python book&&code\\code\\chapter6\\data\\sarah2.txt"

def sanitize(time_string):
     if ":" in time_string:
          min,sec=time_string.split(":")
     elif "-" in time_string:
          min,sec=time_string.split("-")
    
     if 'min' in locals():
          return min+"."+sec
     else:
          return time_string

"""
class Athlete:
     def __init__(self,a_name,a_dob=None,a_times=[]):
          self.name=a_name
          self.dob=a_dob
          self.times=a_times
     def top3(self):
          return sorted(set([sanitize(item) for item in self.times]))[0:3]
     def add_time(self,t):
          self.times.append(t)
     def add_times(self,ts):
          self.times.extend(ts)

"""

#继承的语法

class Athlete(list):

        def __init__(self,a_name,a_dob=None,a_times=[]):

                #调用父类的方法

                list.__init__([])
                self.extend(a_times)
                self.name=a_name
                self.dob=a_dob
               
        def top3(self):
                return sorted(set([sanitize(item) for item in self]))[0:3]

def get_coach_data(fileName):
     try:
          with open(fileName) as f:
               data=f.readline().strip().split(',')
          return Athlete(data.pop(0),data.pop(0),data)
     except IOError as err:
          print("File error "+str(err))
          return (None)

sportRecord=get_coach_data(FileName)

print(sportRecord.name+"'s fastest times are:"+str(sportRecord.top3()))

sportRecord.append("2.17")
print(sportRecord.name+"'s fastest times are:"+str(sportRecord.top3()))

sportRecord.extend(["2.15","2.16"])
print(sportRecord.name+"'s fastest times are:"+str(sportRecord.top3()))