一、概述
在为前端提供http接口时,通常返回的数据需要统一的json格式,如包含错误码和错误信息等字段。
该功能的实现有四种可能的方式:
-
AOP 利用环绕通知,对包含@RequestMapping注解的方法统一处理
- 优点:配置简单、可捕获功能方法内部的异常
- 缺点:aop不能修改返回结果的类型,因此功能方法的返回值须统一为Object类型
-
filter 在过滤器层统一处理
- 优点:配置简单
- 缺点:无法识别异常结果,须对返回结果进行额外的反序列化
- 拦截器 获取返回值不方便,且无法获取到String类型的返回值,无法实现该功能
- HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler 无上述各方法的缺点,且能复用@ResponseBody等注解,为该功能的完美实现方案
-
AOP 利用环绕通知,对包含@RequestMapping注解的方法统一处理
二、基于HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler的实现方案
HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler是spring mvc为统一处理控制器功能方法返回结果的接口类,为策略模式实现,视图名称的解析和@ResponseBody输出json等功能均为基于该接口的实现。spring mvc处理流程的源码分析可参考自定义统一api返回json格式
具体实现方案如下:
定义统一的返回实体
public class ResponseInfo {
public static final int ERROR_CODE_SUCCESS = 0;
public static final int ERROR_CODE_MAPPING_FAILED = 100;
public static final int ERROR_CODE_BUSINESS_FAILED = 130; /**
* 错误码
*/
private int errorCode; /**
* 错误信息
*/
private String errorMsg; /**
* 数据
*/
private Object data;
...
}
自定义HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler实现类
/**
* 对controller返回的数据统一封装为ResponseInfo,注意:
* 1、controller异常由spring mvc异常机制处理,会跳过该处理器
* 2、该处理器仅处理包含@RestController、@ResponseBody注解的控制器*/
public class MyHandlerMethodReturnValueHandler implements HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler { @Override
public boolean supportsReturnType(MethodParameter returnType) {
Class<?> controllerClass = returnType.getContainingClass();
returnType.getMethodAnnotation(ResponseBody.class); return controllerClass.isAnnotationPresent(RestController.class)
|| controllerClass.isAnnotationPresent(ResponseBody.class)
|| returnType.getMethodAnnotation(ResponseBody.class) != null;
} @Override
public void handleReturnValue(Object returnValue, MethodParameter returnType, ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
NativeWebRequest webRequest) throws Exception { ResponseInfo responseInfo = new ResponseInfo();
if (returnValue instanceof ResponseInfo) {
responseInfo = (ResponseInfo) returnValue;
}
else {
responseInfo.setData(returnValue);
} // 标识请求是否已经在该方法内完成处理
mavContainer.setRequestHandled(true); HttpServletResponse response = webRequest.getNativeResponse(HttpServletResponse.class);
response.setContentType("application/json;charset=UTF-8");
response.setHeader("Pragma", "No-cache");
response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
response.setDateHeader("Expires", 0);
response.getWriter().write(JSON.toJSONString(responseInfo));
}
}
实例化和注册该处理器
@Configuration
public class WebConfig implements ApplicationContextAware { /**
* 实例化为bean
*/
@Bean
public MyHandlerMethodReturnValueHandler myHandlerMethodReturnValueHandler() {
return new MyHandlerMethodReturnValueHandler();
} /*
* 注册到容器,采用这种注册方式的目的:
* 自定义的HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler放在默认实现的前面,从而优先采用自定义处理策略
* 否则,无法覆盖@ResponseBody处理机制,且String类型的返回值将默认由ViewNameMethodReturnValueHandler处理而映射为视图名
*/
@Override
public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException { RequestMappingHandlerAdapter handlerAdapter = applicationContext.getBean(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.class);
List<HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler> handlers = new ArrayList<HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler>();
handlers.add(this.myHandlerMethodReturnValueHandler());
handlers.addAll(handlerAdapter.getReturnValueHandlers());
handlerAdapter.setReturnValueHandlers(handlers);
}
}
spring-context.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.2.xsd"> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:application.properties"/> <context:component-scan base-package="cn.matt" use-default-filters="true">
<context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
<context:exclude-filter type="assignable" expression="cn.matt.common.web.WebConfig" />
</context:component-scan> </beans>
spring-mvc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.2.xsd"> <mvc:annotation-driven /> <context:component-scan base-package="cn.matt" use-default-filters="false">
<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController" />
<context:include-filter type="assignable" expression="cn.matt.common.web.WebConfig" />
</context:component-scan> </beans>
控制器基类
public class BaseController { @ExceptionHandler
public void exp(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Exception ex) throws IOException {
response.setContentType("text/plain;charset=UTF-8");
response.setHeader("Pragma", "No-cache");
response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
response.setDateHeader("Expires", 0); ResponseInfo responseInfo = new ResponseInfo();
responseInfo.setErrorCode(ResponseInfo.ERROR_CODE_MAPPING_FAILED);
responseInfo.setErrorMsg(ex.getMessage());
response.getWriter().write(JSON.toJSONString(responseInfo));
}
}
测试控制器
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class TestController extends BaseController { @RequestMapping(value = "/hello")
public String hello() {
return "hello";
} @RequestMapping(value = "/user")
public UserInfo getUser() {
UserInfo userInfo = new UserInfo();
userInfo.setUserName("matt");
userInfo.setProvince("安徽");
userInfo.setCity("阜阳");
return userInfo;
}
}
启动后,输入http://localhost:8080/wfc-web/test/user,http输出:
{"data":{"city":"阜阳","province":"安徽","userName":"matt"},"errorCode":0}
* 上述基于继承的异常处理方式,有一定侵入性,基于@RestControllerAdvice 或 @ControllerAdvice注解的方案无侵入性,详细可参考 Spring Boot 系列(八)@ControllerAdvice 拦截异常并统一处理
参考:
SpringMVC HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler解读
spring mvc 处理Controller返回结果和HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler使用