使用GridFS实现文件的上传和下载
在这篇博客中,我们将展示如何使用Spring Boot中使用mongodb自带的文件存储系统GridFS实现文件的上传和下载功能
首先了解一下怎么用命令操作GridFS
安装mongodb
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sudo apt-get install mongodb
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安装完成后找到mongofiles的位置
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whereis mongofiles
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找到之后进入目录就可以上传文件了
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mongofiles put /home/ubuntu/Desktop/ 1 .jpg
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这时文件就添加成功了,进入mongodb查看
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mongo
show dbs # 发现多了一个gridfs
use gridfs
db.fs.files.find() # 存放文件的一些基本信息
db.fs.chunks.find() # 存放文件二进制内容,一个文件有多个fs.chunks,每个fs.chunks都有一个,files_id与fs.files中的id相对应,形成多对一的关系,文件存的时候分开存,取的时候再合并
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使用Spring Boot操作GridFS
引入依赖
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< dependency >
< groupId >org.springframework.boot</ groupId >
< artifactId >spring-boot-starter-data-mongodb</ artifactId >
</ dependency >
< dependency >
< groupId >commons-io</ groupId >
< artifactId >commons-io</ artifactId >
< version >2.4</ version >
</ dependency >
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controller代码
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import com.mongodb.BasicDBObject;
import com.mongodb.DBObject;
import com.mongodb.client.gridfs.GridFSBucket;
import com.mongodb.client.gridfs.GridFSDownloadStream;
import com.mongodb.client.gridfs.GridFSFindIterable;
import com.mongodb.client.gridfs.model.GridFSFile;
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.gridfs.GridFsOperations;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.gridfs.GridFsResource;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.gridfs.GridFsTemplate;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import static org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.query.Query.query;
import static org.springframework.data.mongodb.gridfs.GridFsCriteria.whereFilename;
@RestController
public class ImageController {
@Autowired
private GridFsTemplate gridFsTemplate;
@Autowired
private GridFsOperations operations;
@Autowired
private GridFSBucket gridFSBucket;
@PostMapping ( "file/upload" )
public ImageResponse upload( @RequestParam ( "file" ) MultipartFile file) {
DBObject metaData = new BasicDBObject();
// 把时间戳作为文件名存入mongodb
String fileName = String.valueOf(System.currentTimeMillis());
InputStream inputStream = null ;
try {
inputStream = file.getInputStream();
gridFsTemplate.store(inputStream, fileName, "image" , metaData);
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException();
}
return new ImageResponse(fileName);
}
@GetMapping (value = "file/download/${fileName}" , produces = MediaType.IMAGE_JPEG_VALUE)
@ResponseBody
public byte [] getImage( @PathVariable ( "fileName" ) String fileName) throws IOException {
if (fileName == null ) {
return null ;
}
// 根据文件名查询(也可以根据md5值等信息查询)
GridFSFindIterable result = operations.find(query(whereFilename().is(fileName)));
GridFSFile gridFSFile = result.first();
GridFSDownloadStream gridFSDownloadStream = gridFSBucket.openDownloadStream(gridFSFile.getObjectId());
//创建gridFsResource,用于获取流对象
GridFsResource gridFsResource = new GridFsResource(gridFSFile, gridFSDownloadStream);
return IOUtils.toByteArray(gridFsResource.getInputStream());
}
}
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加入一个配置类
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import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
import com.mongodb.client.gridfs.GridFSBucket;
import com.mongodb.client.gridfs.GridFSBuckets;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class MongoConfig {
@Value ( "${spring.data.mongodb.database}" )
String db;
@Bean
public GridFSBucket getGridFSBucket(MongoClient mongoClient){
MongoDatabase database = mongoClient.getDatabase(db);
GridFSBucket bucket = GridFSBuckets.create(database);
return bucket;
}
}
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图片返回的实体类
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public class ImageResponse implements Serializable {
private String imageName;
public ImageResponse(String imageName) {
this .imageName = imageName;
}
public String getImageName() {
return imageName;
}
public void setImageName(String imageName) {
this .imageName = imageName;
}
}
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配置文件
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spring:
data:
mongodb:
uri: mongodb: //localhost:27017/gridfs
database: gridfs
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Spring Boot中使用GridFS
什么是GridFS
GirdFS是MongoDB提供的用于持久化存储文件的模块
在GridFS存储文件是将文件分块存储,文件会按照256KB的大小分割成多个块进行存储,GridFS使用两个集合 (collection)存储文件,一个集合是chunks, 用于存储文件的二进制数据;一个集合是files,用于存储文件的元数 据信息(文件名称、块大小、上传时间等信息)。
从GridFS中读取文件要对文件的各各块进行组装、合并。
在SpringBoot中使用GridFS
存储文件
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@Autowired
GridFsTemplate gridFsTemplate;
@Test
public void GridFsTest() throws FileNotFoundException {
//选择要存储的文件
File file = new File( "/Users/xxx/Desktop/xxx.docx" );
InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
//存储文件并起名称
ObjectId objectId = gridFsTemplate.store(inputStream, "面试宝典" );
String id = objectId.toString();
//获取到文件的id,可以从数据库中查找
System.out.println(id);
}
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查找文件
创建GridFSBucket对象
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@Configuration
public class MongoConfig {
@Value ( "${spring.data.mongodb.database}" )
String db;
@Bean
public GridFSBucket getGridFSBucket(MongoClient mongoClient){
MongoDatabase mongoDatabase = mongoClient.getDatabase(db);
GridFSBucket bucket = GridFSBuckets.create(mongoDatabase);
return bucket;
}
}
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@Autowired
GridFsTemplate gridFsTemplate;
@Autowired
GridFSBucket gridFSBucket;
@Test
public void queryFile() throws IOException {
String id = "5c1b8fac72884e389ae3df82" ;
//根据id查找文件
GridFSFile gridFSFile = gridFsTemplate.findOne( new Query(Criteria.where( "_id" ).is(id)));
//打开下载流对象
GridFSDownloadStream gridFS = gridFSBucket.openDownloadStream(gridFSFile.getObjectId());
//创建gridFsSource,用于获取流对象
GridFsResource gridFsResource = new GridFsResource(gridFSFile,gridFS);
//获取流中的数据
String string = IOUtils.toString(gridFsResource.getInputStream(), "UTF-8" );
System.out.println(string);
}
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删除文件
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//删除文件
@Test
public void testDelFile() throws IOException {
//根据文件id删除fs.files和fs.chunks中的记录
gridFsTemplate.delete(Query.query(Criteria.where( "_id" ).is( "5c1b8fac72884e389ae3df82" )));
}
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以上为个人经验,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。
原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_44693282/article/details/97916541