前言：
接口自动化是指模拟程序接口层面的自动化，由于接口不易变更，维护成本更小，所以深受各大公司的喜爱。
接口自动化包含2个部分，功能性的接口自动化测试和并发接口自动化测试。
本次文章着重介绍第一种，功能性的接口自动化框架。
一、简单介绍
环境：mac、python 3，pytest，allure，request
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pytest==3.6.0
pytest-allure-adaptor==1.7.10(弃用)
pytest-rerunfailures==5.0
configparser==3.5.0
pyyaml==3.12
requests==2.18.4
simplejson==3.16.0
----------------------------------------
2020-4-30更新
pytest==5.3.1
allure-pytest==2.8.6
allure-python-commons==2.8.6
⚠️注：pytest-allure-adaptor已弃用，改为allure-pytest；
安装allure-pytest时，需将pytest-allure-adaptor卸载
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流程：读取yaml测试数据-生成测试用例-执行测试用例-生成allure报告
模块类的设计说明:
request.py封装request方法，可以支持多协议扩展（get\post\put）config.py读取配置文件，包括：不同环境的配置，email相关配置log.py封装记录log方法，分为：debug、info、warning、error、criticalemail.py封装smtplib方法，运行结果发送邮件通知assert.py封装assert方法run.py核心代码。定义并执行用例集，生成报告
yaml测试数据格式如下：
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---
basic:
dec: "基础设置"
parameters:
-
url: /settings/basic.json
data: slug=da1677475c27
header: {
"user-agent": "mozilla/5.0 (macintosh; intel mac os x 10_13_6) applewebkit/537.36 (khtml, like gecko)\
chrome/67.0.3396.99 safari/537.36",
"content-type": "keep-alive"
}
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二、代码结构与框架流程
1、代码结构见下图：
代码结构.jpg
2、框架流程见下图：
框架流程.jpg
三、详细功能和使用说明
1、定义配置文件config.ini
该文件中区分测试环境[private_debug]和正式环境[online_release]分别定义相关配置项，[mail]部分为邮件相关配置项
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# http接口测试框架配置信息
[private_debug]
# debug测试服务
tester = your name
environment = debug
versioncode = your version
host = www.jianshu.com
loginhost = /login
logininfo = email=wang@user.com&password=123456
[online_release]
# release正式服务
tester = your name
environment = release
versioncode = v1.0
host = www.jianshu.com
loginhost = /login
logininfo = email=wang@user.com&password=123456
[mail]
#发送邮件信息
smtpserver = smtp.163.com
sender = test1@163.com
receiver = wang@user.com
username = wang@user.com
password = 123456
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2、读取yaml测试数据后封装
yaml测试数据例子见第一节，一条接口可定义多条case数据，get_parameter为已封装好的读取yaml数据方法，循环读取后将多条case数据存在list中。
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class basic:
params = get_parameter('basic')
url = []
data = []
header = []
for i in range(0, len(params)):
url.append(params[i]['url'])
data.append(params[i]['data'])
header.append(params[i]['header'])
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3、编写用例
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class testbasic:
@allure.feature('home')
@allure.severity('blocker')
@allure.story('basic')
def test_basic_01(self, action):
"""
用例描述：未登陆状态下查看基础设置
"""
conf = config()
data = basic()
test = assert.assertions()
request = request.request(action)
host = conf.host_debug
req_url = 'http://' + host
urls = data.url
params = data.data
headers = data.header
api_url = req_url + urls[0]
response = request.get_request(api_url, params[0], headers[0])
assert test.assert_code(response['code'], 401)
assert test.assert_body(response['body'], 'error', u'继续操作前请注册或者登录.')
assert test.assert_time(response['time_consuming'], 400)
consts.result_list.append('true')
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4、运行整个框架run.py
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if __name__ == '__main__':
# 定义测试集
args = ['-s', '-q', '--alluredir', xml_report_path]
self_args = sys.argv[1:]
pytest.main(args)
cmd = 'allure generate %s -o %s' % (xml_report_path, html_report_path)
try:
shell.invoke(cmd)
except:
log.error('执行用例失败，请检查环境配置')
raise
try:
mail = email.sendmail()
mail.sendmail()
except:
log.error('发送邮件失败，请检查邮件配置')
raise
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5、err.log实例
[error 2018-08-24 09:55:37]response body != expected_msg, expected_msg is {"error":"继续操作前请注册或者登录9."}, body is {"error":"继续操作前请注册或者登录."}
[error 2018-08-24 10:00:11]response time > expected_time, expected_time is 400, time is 482.745
[error 2018-08-25 21:49:41]statuscode error, expected_code is 208, statuscode is 200
6、assert部分代码
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def assert_body(self, body, body_msg, expected_msg):
"""
验证response body中任意属性的值
:param body:
:param body_msg:
:param expected_msg:
:return:
"""
try:
msg = body[body_msg]
assert msg == expected_msg
return true
except:
self.log.error("response body msg != expected_msg, expected_msg is %s, body_msg is %s" % (expected_msg, body_msg))
consts.result_list.append('fail')
raise
def assert_in_text(self, body, expected_msg):
"""
验证response body中是否包含预期字符串
:param body:
:param expected_msg:
:return:
"""
try:
text = json.dumps(body, ensure_ascii=false)
# print(text)
assert expected_msg in text
return true
except:
self.log.error("response body does not contain expected_msg, expected_msg is %s" % expected_msg)
consts.result_list.append('fail')
raise
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7、request部分代码
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def post_request(self, url, data, header):
"""
post请求
:param url:
:param data:
:param header:
:return:
"""
if not url.startswith('http://'):
url = '%s%s' % ('http://', url)
print(url)
try:
if data is none:
response = self.get_session.post(url=url, headers=header)
else:
response = self.get_session.post(url=url, params=data, headers=header)
except requests.requestexception as e:
print('%s%s' % ('requestexception url: ', url))
print(e)
return ()
except exception as e:
print('%s%s' % ('exception url: ', url))
print(e)
return ()
# time_consuming为响应时间，单位为毫秒
time_consuming = response.elapsed.microseconds/1000
# time_total为响应时间，单位为秒
time_total = response.elapsed.total_seconds()
common.consts.stress_list.append(time_consuming)
response_dicts = dict()
response_dicts['code'] = response.status_code
try:
response_dicts['body'] = response.json()
except exception as e:
print(e)
response_dicts['body'] = ''
response_dicts['text'] = response.text
response_dicts['time_consuming'] = time_consuming
response_dicts['time_total'] = time_total
return response_dicts
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四、allure报告及email
1、allure报告总览，见下图：
allure报告.jpg
2、email见下图：
email.jpg
五、后续优化
1、集成jenkins，使用jenkins插件生成allure报告
2、多线程并发接口自动化测试
3、接口加密，参数加密
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原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_54928936/article/details/118737257