1、mapState辅助函数
当一个组件需要获取多个状态时候,将这些状态都声明为计算属性会有些重复和冗余。为了解决这个问题,我们可以使用 mapState 辅助函数帮助我们生成计算属性,让你少按几次键。
(1)首先需要在组件中引用才可以使用 import { mapState } from 'vuex' (2)mapState使用前后对比: // 不使用mapState时:
computed: {
count () {
return this.$store.state.count
}
}
// 使用mapState时:
computed: mapState({
count: state => state.count,
}) 如果在大批量的类似这种的计算属性的话,使用 mapState 会更加便捷。
(3)具体使用
store.js中: import Vue from "vue";
import Vuex from "vuex"; Vue.use(Vuex); const store = new Vuex.Store({
state: {
count: 0,
},
mutations: {
increment(state) {
state.count++;
},
reduction(state) {
state.count--;
}
}
});
export default store; 组件中使用: <template>
<div id="salary-list-second">
<button @click="incrementFun">+</button>
<button @click="reductionFun">-</button>
<p>{{currentCount}}</p>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import { mapState } from "vuex";
export default {
name: "salary-list-second",
computed: mapState({
currentCount: state => state.count
}),
methods: {
incrementFun() {
this.$store.commit("increment");
},
reductionFun() {
this.$store.commit("reduction");
}
}
};
</script>
<style>
button {
padding: 0.2rem;
}
p {
line-height: 0.5rem;
}
</style> (4)mapState和计算属性前后写法的对比举例 // states 为对象时候,mapState转换前
computed: mapState({
count: state => state.count,
// 传字符串参数 'count' 等同于 `state => state.count`
countAlias: 'count',
// 为了能够使用 `this` 获取局部状态,必须使用常规函数
countPlusLocalState (state) {
return state.count + this.localCount
}
}) // states 为对象时候,mapState转换后
computed: {
count() {
return this.$store.state.count
},
countAlias() {
return this.$store.state['count']
},
countPlusLocalState() {
return this.$store.state.count + this.localCount
}
} 使用 Vuex 并不意味着你需要将所有的状态放入 Vuex。虽然将所有的状态放到 Vuex 会使状态变化更显式和易调试,但也会使代码变得冗长和不直观。如果有些状态严格属于单个组件,最好还是作为组件的局部状态。你应该根据你的应用开发需要进行权衡和确定。 2、getter
Vuex 允许我们在 store 中定义“getter”(可以认为是 store 的计算属性),就像计算属性一样,getter 的返回值会根据它的依赖被缓存起来,且只有当它的依赖值发生了改变才会被重新计算。
store.js import Vue from "vue";
import Vuex from "vuex"; Vue.use(Vuex); const store = new Vuex.Store({
state: {
storeSalaryList: [
{
name: "马云",
salaryAmount: 1000
},
{
name: "马化腾",
salaryAmount: 900
},
{
name: "李彦宏",
salaryAmount: 800
}
]
},
getters: {
doubleSalaryList(state) {
let newArr = state.storeSalaryList.map(item => {
return {
name: item.name,
salaryAmount: item.salaryAmount * 2 + " " + "$"
};
});
return newArr;
}
});
export default store; 组件中代码: <template>
<div id="salary-list-fisrt">
<h2>财富榜</h2>
<ol>
<li v-for="(salary, index) in getterSalaryList"
:key="index">
{{salary.name}}的工资是:{{salary.salaryAmount}}
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name: "salary-list-first",
computed: {
getterSalaryList() {
return this.$store.getters.doubleSalaryList;
}
}
};
</script> 3、mapGetters辅助函数
store.js中的代码: import Vue from "vue";
import Vuex from "vuex"; Vue.use(Vuex); const store = new Vuex.Store({
state: {
storeSalaryList: [
{
name: "马云",
salaryAmount: 1000
},
{
name: "马化腾",
salaryAmount: 900
},
{
name: "李彦宏",
salaryAmount: 800
}
]
},
getters: {
doubleSalaryList(state) {
let newArr = state.storeSalaryList.map(item => {
return {
name: item.name,
salaryAmount: item.salaryAmount * 2 + " " + "$"
};
});
return newArr;
},
totalSalary(state) {
let sum = 0;
state.storeSalaryList.map(item => {
sum += item.salaryAmount;
});
return sum * 2;
}
}
});
export default store; 组件中的应用: <template>
<div id="salary-list-fisrt">
<h2>财富榜</h2>
<ol>
<li v-for="(salary, index) in myDoubleSalaryGetter"
:key="index">
{{salary.name}}的工资是:{{salary.salaryAmount}}
</li>
</ol>
<span>工资总额是:{{myTotalSalary}} $</span>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import { mapGetters } from "vuex";
export default {
name: "salary-list-first",
computed: {
...mapGetters({
myDoubleSalaryGetter: "doubleSalaryList",
myTotalSalary: "totalSalary"
})
}
};
</script>