Openstack API 开发 快速入门

时间：2025-02-11 15:36:14

Openstack 做为流行的开源云计算平台，其最大特性是利用其提供的基础设施ＡＰＩ，让我们可以以软件的方式来动态管理ＩＡＡＳ资源。Openstack 提供的ａｐｉ是流行的Rest ＡＰＩ.

    闲话少说，我们来开始使用Openstack API。
   前提：搭建Openstack 环境是必须，可以根据参考资料搭建一个单机虚拟机环境.
   假设我们搭建的环境信息为：
物理服务器地址: 192.168.1.1

管理员用户名:admin

管理员密码:password

管理员租户ID:3942bfc544a24f748788c06dbc486ffa
   做好环境后，我们先验证一下，ＡＰＩ是否正常工作.使用Curl工具验证;
curl -k -X 'POST' -v http://192.168.1.1:5000/v2.0/tokens -d '{"auth":{"passwordCredentials":{"username": "admin", "password":"password"}, "tenantId":"3942bfc544a24f748788c06dbc486ffa"}}' -H 'Content-type: application/json'

返回一串的json字符串:

Openstack API 开发 快速入门
 {

   "access" : {

     "token" : {

       "expires" : "2013-01-23T04:26:01Z",

       "id" : "9bc5f651f5ff44329f67a5a33486fcf4",

       "tenant" : {

         "description" : null,

         "enabled" : true,

         "id" : "3942bfc544a24f748788c06dbc486ffa",

         "name" : "admin"

       }

     },

     "serviceCatalog" : [ {

       "endpoints" : [ {

         "adminURL" : "http://192.168.1.1:8774/v2/3942bfc544a24f748788c06dbc486ffa",

         "region" : "RegionOne",

         "internalURL" : "http://192.168.1.1:8774/v2/3942bfc544a24f748788c06dbc486ffa",

         "publicURL" : "http://192.168.1.1:8774/v2/3942bfc544a24f748788c06dbc486ffa"

       } ],

       "endpoints_links" : [ ],

       "type" : "compute",

       "name" : "nova"

     }, {

       "endpoints" : [ {

         "adminURL" : "http://192.168.1.1:9696/",

         "region" : "RegionOne",

         "internalURL" : "http://192.168.1.1:9696/",

         "publicURL" : "http://192.168.1.1:9696/"

       } ],

       "endpoints_links" : [ ],

       "type" : "network",

       "name" : "quantum"

     }, {

       "endpoints" : [ {

         "adminURL" : "http://192.168.1.1:9292/v2",

         "region" : "RegionOne",

         "internalURL" : "http://192.168.1.1:9292/v2",

         "publicURL" : "http://192.168.1.1:9292/v2"

       } ],

       "endpoints_links" : [ ],

       "type" : "image",

       "name" : "glance"

     }, {

       "endpoints" : [ {

         "adminURL" : "http://192.168.1.1:8776/v1/3942bfc544a24f748788c06dbc486ffa",

         "region" : "RegionOne",

         "internalURL" : "http://192.168.1.1:8776/v1/3942bfc544a24f748788c06dbc486ffa",

         "publicURL" : "http://192.168.1.1:8776/v1/3942bfc544a24f748788c06dbc486ffa"

       } ],

       "endpoints_links" : [ ],

       "type" : "volume",

       "name" : "cinder"

     }, {

       "endpoints" : [ {

         "adminURL" : "http://192.168.1.1:8773/services/Admin",

         "region" : "RegionOne",

         "internalURL" : "http://192.168.1.1:8773/services/Cloud",

         "publicURL" : "http://192.168.1.1:8773/services/Cloud"

       } ],

       "endpoints_links" : [ ],

       "type" : "ec2",

       "name" : "ec2"

     }, {

       "endpoints" : [ {

         "adminURL" : "http://192.168.1.1:8080/v1",

         "region" : "RegionOne",

         "internalURL" : "http://192.168.1.1:8080/v1/AUTH_3942bfc544a24f748788c06dbc486ffa",

         "publicURL" : "http://192.168.1.1:8080/v1/AUTH_3942bfc544a24f748788c06dbc486ffa"

       } ],

       "endpoints_links" : [ ],

       "type" : "object-store",

       "name" : "swift"

     }, {

       "endpoints" : [ {

         "adminURL" : "http://192.168.1.1:35357/v2.0",

         "region" : "RegionOne",

         "internalURL" : "http://192.168.1.1:5000/v2.0",

         "publicURL" : "http://192.168.1.1:5000/v2.0"

       } ],

       "endpoints_links" : [ ],

       "type" : "identity",

       "name" : "keystone"

     } ],

     "user" : {

       "username" : "admin",

       "roles_links" : [ ],

       "id" : "89b0ec701354421fa2284667d4175af7",

       "roles" : [ {

         "id" : "12833eaa4ff14e8ea1e1c2f96ea6f18d",

         "name" : "KeystoneServiceAdmin"

       }, {

         "id" : "31e298db6ece43c2b85f21f2a696809e",

         "name" : "admin"

       }, {

         "id" : "8cc376e9218a4068af4cb5a923c0f201",

         "name" : "KeystoneAdmin"

       }, {

         "id" : "bb4d1cf04bcb4be59bb2b78f9a273a9c",

         "name" : "ResellerAdmin"

       } ],

       "name" : "admin"

     }

   }

 }
Openstack API 开发 快速入门

需要的是前面几行：

{"access": {"token": {"expires": "2013-01-23T02:22:40Z", "id": "dba0a6722b86483e83b07e5556bafb02"...

其中的ID一项，即为我们以后认证需要的token，记下来:

X-Auth-Token:dba0a6722b86483e83b07e5556bafb02
其它的server 及region信息，是根据你的keystone配置，会将各个服务的访问地址(endpoint)列出来，你可以从这里获得Image,compute,volume等ＡＰＩ接口访问地址.
特别提醒：
认证的请求json字符串正确格式为:
Openstack API 开发 快速入门
{

    "auth":{

        "passwordCredentials":{

            "username":"admin",

            "password":"password"

        },

        "tenantId":"3942bfc544a24f748788c06dbc486ffa"

    }

}
Openstack API 开发 快速入门

缺少了tenantId选项依然可以获得token ，然而这样的token只能在keystone组件中使用，当使用此token去nova 或者image组件认证时，会失败(401错误)

而截止目前，官方api文档http://api.openstack.org/api-ref.html 为
Openstack API 开发 快速入门
   tenantName (可选项),按此文档请求会出现token不能在其它组件中认证的情况.
获得正确的的tokens后，便可以参考官方的api参考页面，测试其它的api了.
如instance  列表:
curl -v -H "X-Auth-Token:dba0a6722b86483e83b07e5556bafb02" http://192.168.1.1:8774/v2/3942bfc544a24f748788c06dbc486ffa/servers

curl毕竟是命令行，比较麻烦，大家可以使用rest客户端去操作。这里推存一个JAVA的:

Openstack API 开发 快速入门
下面我们通过API完成创建一个虚拟机的工作.
第一步：获取镜像列表:
协议为 GET http://192.168.1.1:9292/v1/images
这里使用Rest-client提交
Openstack API 开发 快速入门
我们选一个镜像id: 03419abb-c27f-4dde-bc74-b8387d1ccb30
第二步：获取虚拟机创建方案.
协议为: GET http://192.168.1.1:8774/v2/3942bfc544a24f748788c06dbc486ffa/flavors
使用rest-client请求:
Openstack API 开发 快速入门
选取一个flavorid:100
第三步，创建虚拟机
协议:POST http://192.168.1.1:8774/v2/3942bfc544a24f748788c06dbc486ffa/servers
BODY:
Openstack API 开发 快速入门
{

    "server":{

        "flavorRef":"100",

        "imageRef":"03419abb-c27f-4dde-bc74-b8387d1ccb30",

        "metadata":{

            "My Server Name":"Apache1"

        },

        "name":"new-server-test",

        "personality":[

            {

                "contents":"",

                "path":"/etc/banner.txt"

            }

        ]

    }

}
Openstack API 开发 快速入门
restclient 请求:
Openstack API 开发 快速入门
由于我的虚拟机资源用限，超出容量，所以创建失败了。成功的请求是这样的
Openstack API 开发 快速入门
{

    "server":{

        "adminPass":"MVk5HPrazHcG",

        "id":"5bbcc3c4-1da2-4437-a48a-66f15b1b13f9",

        "links":[

            {

                "href":"http://openstack.example.com/v2/openstack/servers/5bbcc3c4-1da2-4437-a48a-66f15b1b13f9",

                "rel":"self"

            },

            {

                "href":"http://openstack.example.com/openstack/servers/5bbcc3c4-1da2-4437-a48a-66f15b1b13f9",

                "rel":"bookmark"

            }

        ]

    }

}
Openstack API 开发 快速入门
结果可以登录http://192.168.1.1
用openstack 的Horizon的验证。
其它的api可以参考Openstack的文档完成了 http://api.openstack.org
常用工具
JSON格式化
    <http://www.cnblogs.com/biangbiang/archive/2013/01/11/2856431.html>
Java REST Client
    <http://rest-client.googlecode.com/>
Groovy RESTCLIENT (groovyx.net.http.RESTClient)    
    <http://groovy.codehaus.org/modules/http-builder/doc/rest.html>
HttpClient入门
    <http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/opensource/os-httpclient/>
    <http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/aix/library/au-aix-systemsdirector/section2.html>

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