一步一步教你Nginx地址重写

时间：2023-02-25 22:00:03

Nginx地址重写

一、在 Centos01 上安装安装 Nginx，设置网站根目录/www 使用域名 www.stz.com 访问，Cent02 上安装 DNS 服务解析 www.stz.com 和 www.stz.com.cn 以及 www.stz.com.en 域名

1、在Centos01上安装nginx依赖

1）挂载系统光盘配置本地yum仓库

[root@centos01 ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
mount: /dev/sr0 写保护，将以只读方式挂载
[root@centos01 ~]# rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*

2）安装依赖程序

[root@centos01 ~]# yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel

3）创建管理Nginx用户

[root@centos01 ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
[root@centos01 ~]# umount /mnt/

2、配置安装nginx服务

1）切换光盘

一步一步教你Nginx地址重写

2）挂载光盘解压配置nginx

[root@centos01 ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
mount: /dev/sr0 写保护，将以只读方式挂载
[root@centos01 ~]# tar zxf /mnt/nginx-1.6.0.tar.gz -C /usr/src/
[root@centos01 src]# cd /usr/src/nginx-1.6.0/
[root@centos01 src]# ./configure \
> --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
> --user=nginx \
> --group=nginx \
> --with-http_stub_status_module

3）编译安装

[root@centos01 nginx-1.6.0]# make && make install

4）优化nginx命令检查配置文件

[root@centos01 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/* /usr/local/sbin/
[root@centos01 ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file
/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file
/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

3、设置nginx服务器网站根目录设置主页修改配置文件

1）创建网站根目录设置主页

[root@centos01 ~]# mkdir /www
[root@centos01 ~]# echo "www.stz.com" > /www/index.html

2）修改nginx主配置文件

[root@centos01 ~]# cp /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf.bak
[root@centos01 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
user nginx;
worker_processes  1;
events {   
worker_connections  1024;
}
http {   
include       mime.types;  
default_type application/octet-stream;   
sendfile        on;   
keepalive_timeout  65;   
server {       
listen       80;      
server_name  www.stz.com;      
charset utf-8;      
access_log logs/www.stz.com.access.log;      
location / {           
root   /www;          
index  index.html index.htm;       
}
    }
}

3）启动nginx服务监听端口

[root@centos01 ~]# nginx
[root@centos01 ~]# netstat -anptu | grep nginx
tcp       
0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      3763/nginx: master

4、在Centos02上安装DNS服务，创建解析域名www.stz.com和www.stz.com.cn以及www.stz.com.en

1）挂载光盘安装DNS服务

[root@centos02 ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
mount: /dev/sr0 写保护，将以只读方式挂载
[root@centos02 ~]# rpm -ivh /mnt/Packages/bind-9.9.4-50.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@centos02 ~]# rpm -ivh /mnt/Packages/bind-chroot-9.9.4-50.el7.x86_64.rpm

2）修改DNS服务主配置文件

[root@centos02 ~]# vim /etc/named.conf
options {       
listen-on port 53 { 192.168.100.20; };       
directory      "/var/named";
};
zone "stz.com" IN {       
type master;       
file "/var/named/stz.com.zone";
};
zone "stz.com.cn" IN {       
type master;       
file "/var/named/stz.com.cn.zone";
};
zone "stz.com.en" IN {       
type master;      
file "/var/named/stz.com.en.zone";
};
[root@centos02 ~]# named-checkconf /etc/named.conf

4）修改DNS区域配置文件

[root@centos02 ~]# vim/var/named/stz.com.zone
$TTL           86400
@               SOA             stz.com.        root.stz.com. (
                2023022312
                1H
                15M
                1W
                1D
)
@               NS              centos02.stz.com.
centos02        A               192.168.100.20
www             A               192.168.100.10
[root@centos02 ~]# named-checkzone stz.com /var/named/stz.com.zone 
zone stz.com/IN: loaded serial 2023022312 OK
[root@centos02 ~]# vim/var/named/stz.com.cn.zone
$TTL            86400
@               SOA             stz.com.cn.     root.stz.com.cn. (
                2023022312
                1H
                15M
                1W
                1D
)
@               NS              centos02.stz.com.cn.
centos02        A              192.168.100.20
www             A               192.168.100.10
[root@centos02 ~]# named-checkzone stz.com.cn /var/named/stz.com.cn.zone 
zone stz.com.cn/IN: loaded serial 2023022312 OK
[root@centos02 ~]# vim /var/named/stz.com.en.zone
$TTL            86400
@               SOA             stz.com.en.     root.stz.com.en. (
                2023022312
                1H
                15M
                1W
                1D
)
@               NS              centos02.stz.com.en.
centos02        A               192.168.100.20
www             A               192.168.100.10
[root@centos02 ~]# named-checkzone stz.com.en /var/named/stz.com.en.zone 
zone stz.com.en/IN: loaded serial 2023022312 
OK

5）启动DNS服务开机自动启动

[root@centos02 ~]# systemctl start named
[root@centos02 ~]# systemctl enable named

6）客户端测试DNS服务器

配置ip

一步一步教你Nginx地址重写

一步一步教你Nginx地址重写

7）客户端访问

一步一步教你Nginx地址重写

二、配置网站跳转使用if和set判断，判断用户输入域名http：//www.stz.com/cn跳转到http://www.stz.com.cn，判断用户输入域名http：//www.stz.com/en跳转到英文网站http：//www.stz.com.en

1、创建中文网站和英文网站设置主页

1）设置中文网站根目录

[root@centos01 ~]# mkdir /www/cn
[root@centos01 ~]# echo "cn" > /www/cn/index.html

2）设置英文网站根目录

[root@centos01 ~]# mkdir /www/en
[root@centos01 ~]# echo "en" > /www/en/index.html

3）列出网站根目录数据

[root@centos01 ~]# ls -R /www/
/www/:
cn 
en  index.html

/www/cn:
index.html

/www/en:
index.html

2、修改nginx主配置文件当用户输入cn跳转中文网站输入en跳转英文网站

1）修改主配置文件

[root@centos01 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
user nginx;
worker_processes  1;
pid    logs/nginx.pid;
events {   
worker_connections  1024;
}
http {   
include       mime.types;   
default_type application/octet-stream;  
sendfile        on;  
keepalive_timeout  65;       
charset utf-8;       
access_log logs/www.stz.com.access.log;       
location / {           
root   /www;          
index  index.html index.htm;       
}      
}          
server  {
                listen 80;
                server_name www.stz.com.cn;
                charset utf-8;

root   /www;          
index  index.html index.htm;       
}
    }       
server  {
                listen 80;
                server_name www.stz.com.cn;
                charset utf-8;
                access_log logs/www.stz.com.access.log;      
location / {
                set $language 'cn';
                rewrite ^/$ http://www.stz.com/$language;       
}
}      
server  {
                listen 80;
                server_name www.stz.com.en;
                charset utf-8;
                access_log logs/www.stz.com.access.log;

location / {
                set $language 'en';
                rewrite ^/$ http://www.stz.com/$language;       
}
}
}

2）重新启动nginx服务

[root@centos01 ~]# killall -I -QUIT nginx
[root@centos01 ~]# nginx

3、客户端验证访问

1）客户端访问中文网站

一步一步教你Nginx地址重写

2）客户端访问英文网站

一步一步教你Nginx地址重写

4、优化网站跳转

1）修改nginx主配置文件

[root@centos01 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
user nginx;
worker_processes  1;
pid    logs/nginx.pid;
events {   
worker_connections  1024;
}
http {   
include       mime.types;   
default_type application/octet-stream;   
sendfile        on;  
keepalive_timeout  65;  
server {       
listen       80;       
server_name  www.stz.com;       
charset utf-8;       
access_log logs/www.stz.com.access.log;      
location / {          
root   /www;           
index  index.html index.htm;      
}
    }

server  {
                listen 80;
                server_name www.stz.com.cn www.stz.com.en;
                charset utf-8;

location / {      
if ($http_host ~ (cn)$) {        
       set $language 'cn';
                rewrite ^/$ http://www.stz.com/$language;      
}      
if ($http_host ~ (en)$) {
                set $language 'en';
                rewrite ^/$ http://www.stz.com/$language;       
}
}
}
}

2）重启Nginx服务

[root@centos01 ~]# killall -I -QUIT nginx
[root@centos01 ~]# nginx

3）访问中文网站

一步一步教你Nginx地址重写

4）访问英文网站

一步一步教你Nginx地址重写

三、return当用输入http：//www.stz.com.cn给用户提示404错误，实现当用户输入www.stz.com.en跳转到指定域名www.stz.com的网站

1、通过return当用输入http：//www.stz.com.cn给用户提示404错误

1）修改nginx主配置文件

[root@centos01 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
user nginx;
    worker_connections  1024;
}   
http {   
include       mime.types;   
sendfile        on;   
keepalive_timeout  65;
events {   
worker_connections  1024;
}
http {   
include       mime.types;   
default_type application/octet-stream;   
sendfile        on;   
keepalive_timeout  65;   
server {      
listen      192.168.100.10:80;       
server_name  www.stz.com;     
charset utf-8;      
access_log logs/www.stz.com.access.log;       
location / {           
root   /www;          
index  index.html index.htm;       
}
    }       
server  {
                listen 192.168.100.10:80;
                server_name www.stz.com.cn;
                charset utf-8;

location / {       
if ($http_host = "www.stz.com.cn") {
                return 404;       
}
}
}
}

2）重新启动Nginx

[root@centos01 ~]# killall -I -QUIT nginx
[root@centos01 ~]# nginx

3）客户端访问www.stz.com.cn返回404错误

一步一步教你Nginx地址重写

2、通过return实现当用户输入http：//www.stz.com.en跳转到指定域名www.stz.com的网站

1）修改nginx主配置文件

[root@centos01 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
user nginx;
worker_processes  1;
pid    logs/nginx.pid;
events {   
worker_connections  1024;
}
http {   
include       mime.types;   
default_type application/octet-stream;   
sendfile        on;   
keepalive_timeout  65;   
server {      
listen      192.168.100.10:80;      
server_name  www.stz.com;       
charset utf-8;       
access_log logs/www.stz.com.access.log;       
location / {          
root   /www;           
index  index.html index.htm;       
}
    }      
server  {
                listen 192.168.100.10:80;
                server_name www.stz.com.en;
                charset utf-8;

location / {       
if ($http_host = "www.stz.com.en") {
                rewrite ^/$ http://www.stz.com;      
}
}
}
}

2）重新启动nginx

[root@centos01 ~]# killall -I -QUIT nginx
[root@centos01 ~]# nginx

3）输入域名跳转www.stz.com网站

一步一步教你Nginx地址重写

3、当用户输入www.stz.com.en后通过break跳出终止地址重写

1）修改nginx主配置文件

[root@centos01 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
user nginx;
worker_processes  1;
pid    logs/nginx.pid;
events {   
worker_connections  1024;
}
http {   
include       mime.types;   
default_type application/octet-stream;   
sendfile        on;  
keepalive_timeout  65;  
server {       
listen      192.168.100.10:80;      
server_name  www.stz.com;      
charset utf-8;       
access_log logs/www.stz.com.access.log;       
location / {           
root   /www;           
index  index.html index.htm;       
}
    }       
server {
                listen 192.168.100.10:80;
                server_name www.stz.com.cn;
                charset utf-8;
                access_log logs/www.stz.com.access.log;       
location / {
                if ($http_host = "www.stz.com.cn") {
                return 404;
}
}
}       
server  {
                listen 192.168.100.10:80;
                server_name www.stz.com.en;
                charset utf-8;       
location / {       
if ($http_host = "www.stz.com.en") {
                            break;
                rewrite ^/$ http://www.stz.com;     
}
}
}
}

4）客户端验证

一步一步教你Nginx地址重写

四、永久重定向应用，当用户输入域名www.stz.com.cn跳转到www.stz.com网站，临时重定向应用，当用户输入域名 www.bdqn.com.en 跳 转 到 www.stz.com 网站， laset 的 应 用 当 用 户 输 入 访 问 http://www.stz.com/cn 返回中文，客户端 IP 地址是 192.168.100.50 提示访 问页面，不是 192.168.100.50 访问报错

1、永久重定向应用，当用户输入域名www.stz.com.cn或者www.stz.com.en跳转到www.stz.com网站

1）修改Nginx主配置文件

[root@centos01 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
user nginx;
worker_processes  1;
pid    logs/nginx.pid;
events {  
worker_connections  1024;
}
http {   
include       mime.types;   
default_type application/octet-stream;   
sendfile        on;  
keepalive_timeout  65;   
server {       
listen      192.168.100.10:80;      
server_name  www.stz.com;       
charset utf-8;       
access_log logs/www.stz.com.access.log;       
location / {          
root   /www;           
index  index.html index.htm;      
}
    }       
server {
                listen 80;
                server_name www.stz.com.cn;
                charset utf-8;
                access_log logs/www.stz.com.access.log;      
location / {
                rewrite ^/$ http://www.stz.com permanent;
}
}
}

2）重新启动服务

[root@centos01 ~]# killall -I -QUIT nginx
[root@centos01 ~]# nginx

3）验证301永久重定向

一步一步教你Nginx地址重写

2、临时重定向应用，当用户输入域名www.stz.com.cn或者www.stz.com.en跳转到www.stz.com网站

1）修改nginx主配置文件

[root@centos01 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
user nginx;
worker_processes  1;
pid    logs/nginx.pid;
events {   
worker_connections  1024;
}
http {   
include       mime.types;   
default_type application/octet-stream;   
sendfile        on;  
keepalive_timeout  65;   
server {       
listen     80;      
server_name  www.stz.com;       
charset utf-8;      
access_log logs/www.stz.com.access.log;       
location / {           
root   /www;           
index  index.html index.htm;       
}
    }      
server {
                listen 80;
                server_name www.stz.com.en;
                charset utf-8;
                access_log logs/www.stz.com.access.log;       
location / {
                rewrite ^/$ http://www.stz.com redirect;
}
}
}

2）重新启动

[root@centos01 ~]# killall -I -QUIT nginx
[root@centos01 ~]# nginx

3）客户端验证

一步一步教你Nginx地址重写

一步一步教你Nginx地址重写

3、laset的应用当用户输入访问www.stz.com.cn 跳转到www.stz.com,当用户输入www.stz.com.cn/en跳转到英文网站

1）修改主配置文件

[root@centos01 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
user nginx;
worker_processes  1;
pid    logs/nginx.pid;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {   
include       mime.types;   
default_type application/octet-stream;   
sendfile        on;   
keepalive_timeout  65;   
server {       
listen      80;       
server_name  www.stz.com;       
charset utf-8;
        access_log  logs/www.stz.com.access.log;       
location / {           
root   /www;           
index  index.html index.htm;       
}
    }       
server {
                listen 80;
                server_name www.stz.com.cn;
                charset utf-8;
                access_log logs/www.stz.com.access.log;       
location / {
                if ($http_host ~* (cn)$) {
                rewrite ^/$ http://www.stz.com last;
}       
location /en {
                root /www/en/;
                index index.html index.htm;
}
}
}
}

2）重新启动nginx

[root@centos01 ~]# killall -I -QUIT nginx
nginx: no process found
[root@centos01 ~]# nginx

3）客户端访问验证客户端输入的域名是www.bdqn.com.cn跳转到www.stz.com域名

 

一步一步教你Nginx地址重写

一步一步教你Nginx地址重写

4）输入www.stz.com.cn/en跳到英文网站

一步一步教你Nginx地址重写

4、维护网页跳转，当客户端是测试机192.168.100.50显示页面，非192.168.100.50主机访问报错

1）修改Nginx主配置文件

[root@centos01 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
user nginx;
worker_processes  1;
pid    logs/nginx.pid;
events {   
worker_connections  1024;
}
http {   
include       mime.types;   
default_type application/octet-stream;   
sendfile        on;   
keepalive_timeout  65;   
server {      
listen      80;       
server_name  www.stz.com;      
charset utf-8;       
access_log logs/www.stz.com.access.log;       
location / {          
root   /www/;           
index  index.html index.htm;       
set $rewrite true;       
if ($remote_addr = "192.168.100.50") {
                set $rewrite fales;       
}       
if ($rewrite = true) {
                rewrite (.+) /index.html;       
}      
location = /index.html {
                root /www/error/;       
}       
}
    }
}

3）重新启动

[root@centos01 ~]# killall -I -QUIT nginx
nginx: no process found
[root@centos01 ~]# nginx

3）非192.168.100.50主访问提示错误

一步一步教你Nginx地址重写

4）是192.168.100.50访问正常

一步一步教你Nginx地址重写

标签：

相关文章